scholarly journals Photosynthetic performance and biochemical adjustments in two co-occurring Mediterranean evergreens, Quercus ilex and Arbutus unedo, differing in salt-exclusion ability

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Fusaro ◽  
Simone Mereu ◽  
Cecilia Brunetti ◽  
Martina Di Ferdinando ◽  
Francesco Ferrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Antioxidant Defences ◽  
Arbutus Unedo ◽  
Salt Exclusion ◽  
Species Specific

The responses to mild root zone salinity stress were investigated in two co-occurring Mediterranean woody evergreens, Quercus ilex L. and Arbutus unedo L., which differ in morpho-anatomical traits and strategies to cope with water deficit. The aim was to explore their strategies to allocate potentially toxic ions at organism level, and the consequential physiological and biochemical adjustments. Water and ionic relations, gas exchange and PSII performance, the concentration of photosynthetic pigments, and the activity of antioxidant defences, were measured. Q. ilex displayed a greater capacity to exclude Na+ and Cl– from the leaf than A. unedo, in part as a consequence of greater reductions in transpiration rates. Salt-induced reductions in CO2 assimilation resulted in Q. ilex suffering from excess of light to a greater extent than A. unedo. Consistently, in Q. ilex effective mechanisms of nonphotochemical quenching, also sustained by the lutein epoxide-lutein cycle, operated in response to salinity stress. Q. ilex also displayed a superior capacity to detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS) than A. unedo. Our data suggest that the ability to exclude salt from actively growing shoot organs depends on the metabolic cost of sustaining leaf construction, i.e. species-specific leaf life-span, and the relative strategies to cope with salt-induced water stress. We discuss how contrasting abilities to restrict the entry and transport of salt in sensitive organs relates with species-specific salt tolerance.

scholarly journals Contrasting response mechanisms to root-zone salinity in three co-occurring Mediterranean woody evergreens: a physiological and biochemical study

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Tattini ◽  
Maria Laura Traversi ◽  
Silvana Castelli ◽  
Stefano Biricolti ◽  
Lucia Guidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Metabolism ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Root Zone Salinity

The present study investigated the extent to which physiological and biochemical traits varied because of root-zone salinity in three Mediterranean evergreens differing greatly in their strategies of salt allocation at an organismal level: the ‘salt-excluders’, Olea europaea L. and Phillyrea latifolia L. (both Oleaceae), and Pistacia lentiscus L., which, instead, largely uses Na+ and Cl− for osmotic adjustment. Both Oleaceae spp. underwent severe leaf dehydration and reduced net photosynthesis and whole-plant growth to a significantly greater degree than did P. lentiscus. Osmotic adjustment in Oleaceae mostly resulted from soluble carbohydrates, which, in turn, likely feedback regulated net photosynthesis. Salt stress reduced the actual efficiency of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) and enhanced the concentration of de-epoxided violaxanthin-cycle pigments in O. europaea and P. latifolia. Phenylpropanoid metabolism was upregulated by salt stress to a markedly greater degree in O. europaea and P. latifolia than in P. lentiscus. In contrast, species-specific variations in leaf lipid peroxidation were not observed in response to salinity stress. The results suggest that the species-specific ability to manage the allocation of potentially toxic ions out of sensitive leaf organs, other than affecting physiological responses, largely determined the extent to which leaf biochemistry, mostly aimed to counter salt-induced oxidative damage, varied in response to salinity stress.

scholarly journals Effects of Salinity and Rootstock on Nutrient Element Concentrations and Physiology in Own-Rooted or Grafted to 1103 P and 101-14 Mgt Rootstocks of Merlot and Cabernet Franc Grapevine Cultivars under Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2477
Author(s):  
Kleopatra-Eleni Nikolaou ◽  
Theocharis Chatzistathis ◽  
Serafeim Theocharis ◽  
Anagnostis Argiriou ◽  
Stefanos Koundouras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Cabernet Franc ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Climate Crisis

Under the current and future climate crisis, a significant rise in soil salinity will likely affect vine productivity in several Mediterranean regions. During the present research, the rootstock effects on salinity tolerance of Merlot and Cabernet Franc grapevine cultivars were studied. In a pot hydroponic culture, own-rooted Merlot and Cabernet Franc grapevine cultivars or grafted onto the rootstocks 1103 P and 101-14 Mgt were drip-irrigated with saline water. A completely randomized 3 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment was designed with two vine rootstocks or own-rooted vines, two scion cultivars, and 100 mM NaCl salinity or control treatments, with six replications. A significant effect of scion cultivar, rootstock, and salinity was observed for most of the measured parameters. At the end of salinity stress period, leaf, shoot, root, and trunk nutrient concentrations were measured. Salinity stress increased Chloride (Cl−) and Sodium (Na+) concentrations in all parts of the vines and decreased leaf concentrations of Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca+2), Magnesium (Mg+2), Nitrogen (N), and Iron (Fe). In contrast, salinity stress increased leaf Boron (B) concentrations, whereas that of Manganese (Mn) remained unaffected. Leaf chlorophyll concentration decreased from 42% to 40% after thirty and sixty days of salt treatment, respectively. A similar trend was observed for the CCM-200 relative chlorophyll content. Salinity significantly decreased steam water potential (Ws), net CO2 assimilation rate (A), and stomatal conductance(gs) in all cases of grafted or own-rooted vines. Sixty days after the beginning of salt treatment, total Phenolics and PSII maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) decreased significantly. The rootstock 1103 P seems to be a better excluder for Na+ and Cl− and more tolerant to salinity compared to 101-14 Mgt rootstock.

Silicon Application to Rice Root Zone Influenced the Phytohormonal and Antioxidant Responses Under Salinity Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Ha Kim ◽  
Abdul Latif Khan ◽  
Muhammad Waqas ◽  
Jae Kyoung Shim ◽  
Duck Hwan Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Rice Root ◽  
Antioxidant Responses

Behaviour of Phytophthora cinnamomi Zoospores on Roots of Australian Forest Species

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 679 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hinch ◽  
G Weste
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Native Forests ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Germ Tubes ◽  
Root Axis

Twenty-three species from Australian native forests were examined in a comparative assay of the chemotaxis of zoospores of Phytophthora cinnamomi towards their roots. Zoospores were attracted to all species tested when within 3-4 mm from the roots. Attraction to wounds and cut ends of roots was also observed. The chemotaxis was neither species-specific nor host-orientated. The root zone which attracted most zoospores was the region of elongation for most species, but this varied and is described and illustrated for the different species. Encysted zoospores produced one and occasionally two germ tubes which were normally orientated towards the root axis. Subsequent penetration of epidermis, cortex and vascular tissue was observed and, like the chemotaxis and chemotropy, was not related to host susceptibility.

Acute physiological effects of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) infestation on two unionid mussels, Actiononaias ligamentina and Amblema plicata

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Baker ◽  
D J Hornbach
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Mussel ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Rate ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Grazing Rate ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Unionid Mussels ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Food Depletion

Our laboratory studies of the physiological effects of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) infestation on the freshwater mussels Actinonaias ligamentina and Amblema plicata (Unionidae) show that (i) zebra mussel infestation causes stress and symptoms of starvation in unionid mussels, (ii) unionid species are affected unequally, and (iii) symptoms of starvation are greater when initial condition is low. Nutritive stress in infested unionid mussels was indicated by shifts to lower metabolic rates, more protein-based metabolism (lower O:N ratios), and compensatory increases in grazing rates. Starvation may be the result of local food depletion and (or) increased metabolic cost. Actinonaias ligamentina (subfamily Lampsilinae) was more sensitive to infestation than Amblema plicata (subfamily Ambleminae), as indicated especially by changes in oxygen uptake rate and grazing rate. The effects of infestation were greater in mussels that were already in low condition. Our results indicate that the decline in diversity of unionid mussels since the introduction of zebra mussels is due to species-specific rates of starvation.

Species-specific effects on topsoil development affect Quercus ilex seedling performance

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Puerta-Piñero ◽  
José María Gómez ◽  
Regino Zamora
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Seedling Performance ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Species Specific
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