Assessment of cultivated and wild, weedy rice lines to concurrent changes in CO2 concentration and air temperature: determining traits for enhanced seed yield with increasing atmospheric CO2

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis H. Ziska ◽  
Martha B. Tomecek ◽  
David R. Gealy
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Co2 Response ◽  
Rice Line

Although several studies have examined intra-specific variability in growth and yield to projected atmospheric CO2 concentration, [CO2], few have considered concurrent increases in air temperature and [CO2], and none have compared the relative responses of cultivated and wild, weedy crop lines. In the current study we quantified the growth and seed yield response of three cultivated (‘Rondo’, ‘Clearfield 161’, ‘M204’) and one wild (red) rice line (‘Stuttgart-S’ or ‘Stg-S’), grown at ambient or +200 µmol mol–1 [CO2] at one of three day/night temperatures (29/21, 31/23 or 33/25°C). Averaged among all cultivars, [CO2] increased biomass and seed yield, but conversely, increasing air temperature reduced the [CO2] response of both parameters. Among the cultivated and weedy rice tested, ‘Rondo’ and ‘Stg-S’ showed significant increases in aboveground biomass and seed yield with elevated [CO2] at 29/21°C; however, only ‘Stg-S’, the weedy rice line, demonstrated a significant increase with [CO2] at all growth temperatures. A regression analysis for this line indicated that the relative increase in seed yield with [CO2] and air temperature was positively associated with panicle and tiller number, but negatively correlated with the percentage of immature seed. An analysis of all lines indicated that the ratio of tiller production between CO2 treatments at 30 days after sowing (DAS) was a significant predictor of seed yield response to increasing [CO2] for all temperatures. These results suggest that: (i) inclusion of wild lines may broaden genotypic or phenotypic variation and assist in selection to temperature/[CO2]; and (ii) early differences in tiller formation may be an effective means to facilitate screening for CO2 sensitive rice genotypes.

Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) tolerance to imazethapyr

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
G. Saindon
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Bean Yield

A field study was conducted during 3 yr to determine the growth and yield response of Pinto, Pink Red and Great Northern dry beans to various doses of imazethapyr. Imazethapyr was applied postemergence at 0, 25, 50 75 100, 150, and 200 g ha−1 to each class of dry bean. Results indicated that these four classes of dry beans responded similarly to imazethapyr. Dry bean injury increased and yields were reduced as dose of imazethapyr increased. At the proposed use dose of 50 g ha−1, imazethapyr reduced yield by 5 to 6%. Imazethapyr at 100 g ha−1 reduced dry bean yield by 10 to 12% and delayed maturity by 3 to 4 d. Benefits of superior weed control attained with imazethapyr should be weighed against potential crop injury when growers consider using imazethapyr in their dry bean weed management programs. Key words: Herbicide injury, maturity, seed yield, seed weight

Carbon Di Oxide Fertilization: Effects on Plant Productivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Supriya Tiwari ◽  
N. K. Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
C4 Plants ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Co2 Fertilization ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Fertilization Effect

Increasing Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important component of global climate change that has drawn the attention of environmentalists worldwide in the last few decades. Besides acting as an important greenhouse gas, it also produces a stimulatory effect, its instantaneous impact being a significant increase in the plant productivity. Atmospheric CO2 levels have linearly increased from approximately 280 parts per million (ppm) during pre-industrial times to the current level of more than 390 ppm. In past few years, anthropogenic activities led to a rapid increase in global CO2 concentration. Current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projection indicates that atmospheric CO2 concentration will increase over this century, reaching 730-1020 ppm by 2100. An increase in global temperature, ranging from 1.1 to 6.4oC depending on global emission scenarios, will accompany the rise in atmospheric CO2. As CO2 acts as a limiting factor in photosynthesis, the immediate effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 is improved plant productivity, a feature commonly termed as “CO2 fertilization”. Variability in crop responses to the elevated CO2 made the agricultural productivity and food security vulnerable to the climate change. Several studies have shown significant CO2 fertilization effect on crop growth and yield. An increase of 30 % in plant growth and yield has been reported when CO2 concentration has been doubled from 330 to 660 ppm. However, the fertilization effect of elevated CO2 is not very much effective in case of C4 plants which already contain a CO2 concentration mechanism, owing to their specific leaf 2 anatomy called kranz anatomy. As a result, yield increments observed in C4plants are comparatively lower than the C3 plants under similar elevated CO2 concentrations. This review discusses the trends and the causes of increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, its effects on the crop productivity and the discrepancies in the response of C3 and C4 plants to increasing CO2 concentrations.

Growth and Yield Response of Field‐Grown Tropical Rice to Increasing Carbon Dioxide and Air Temperature

1997 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis H. Ziska ◽  
Offie Namuco ◽  
Toti Moya ◽  
Jimmy Quilang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response

scholarly journals Growth and yield response of sesame (sesamum indicum L.) variety s-9 under foliar nitrogen doses at different application times

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Seed Index

Present study was carried out to determine the yield and growth of sesame (sesamum indicum L.) variety S-9 under foliar nitrogen doses at different application times at Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam. The experiment had been placed in a Randomized Complete Block Design with net plot size (6m2 ) with three replication. The sesame variety S-9 was used and checked under various foliar nitrogen doses at different application time treatments i.e. T1= N @ 00 kg ha-1 (control), T2= N @ 0.5 kg ha-1 (30 DAS), T3= N @ 0.5 kg ha-1 (45 DAS), T4= N @ 0.5 kg ha-1 (60 DAS), T5= N @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (30 DAS), T6= N @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (45 DAS), T7= N @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (60 DAS), T8= N @ 1.5 kg ha-1 (30 DAS), T9= N @ 1.5 kg ha-1 (45 DAS), T10= N @ 1.5 kg ha-1 (60 DAS). The results revealed that maximum values for sesame traits under study were i.e. Plant height (122.38 cm), Branches plant-1 (34.45), Capsules plant-1 (194.60), capsule length (2.65 cm), Seeds capsules-1 (56.3), Seed wt plant-1 (76.31 g), Seed index (5.69, 1000 seed wt g), Seed yield (1233.3 kg ha-1), Harvest index (11.12%), were recorded under treatment T10= N @ 1.5 kg ha-1 (60 DAS), whereas; minimum values for various sesame traits i.e. Plant height (80.57 cm), Branches plant-1 (15.47), Capsules plant-1 (130.31), Capsules length (1.30 cm), Seeds capsules-1 (30.5), Seed wt plant-1 (50.57 g), Seed index (3.34, 1000 seed wt g), Seed yield (711.7 kg ha-1), Harvest index (6.23%), in control treatment where no foliar nitrogen doses was applied. It was concluded that growth and yield increased at T10= N @ 1.5 kg ha-1 (60 DAS) and thus recommended for better performance and yield of sesame crop. Key words: sesame, Yield, foliar, nitrogen, Application

Plant traits and yield stability of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars under drought stress

1991 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Acosta-Gallegos ◽  
M. W. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress

SUMMARYThe objective of this study was to identify traits related to growth and yield response under drought stress in the field which would show less variation than yield itself. Experiments were conducted in 1987, at Durango, Mexico and at Michigan, USA. Twenty-six dry bean genotypes were sown under supplementary irrigation and terminal drought stress. Plant samples were taken at 50% flowering, mid-pod-filling and physiological maturity. At both sites, leaf expansion rate and crop growth rate at mid-pod-filling were greatly reduced by drought stress, resulting in significant reductions in total dry matter (DM) above ground and seed yield at physiological maturity. Because of differences in the timing and intensity of the drought stress, the yield components were affected differently at each location. Total DM content at physiological maturity, harvest index and number of pods/m2 were the only traits positively correlated with yield under stress at both locations. In order to evaluate a group of genotypes for adaptation to drought on the basis of seed yield, the genotypes should be grouped according to their phenological characteristics to stress them evenly.

scholarly journals Soybean Yield and Seed Composition Changes in Response to Increasing Atmospheric CO2 Concentration in Short-Season Canada

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elroy R. Cober ◽  
Malcolm J. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Seed Composition ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentration ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
The Impact

From 1993, we have conducted trials with the same set of old to newer soybean cultivars to determine the impact of plant breeding on seed yield, physiological and agronomic characteristics, and seed composition. Since 1993, global atmospheric [CO2] increased by 47 ppm. The objective of our current analysis with this data set was to determine if there were changes in soybean seed yield, quality or phenology attributable to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2), temperature or precipitation. Additionally, we estimated genetic gain annually. Over 23 years, there was a significant increase in atmospheric [CO2] but not in-season average maximum or minimum temperatures, or average in-season precipitation. Seed yield was increased significantly by eCO2, higher precipitation and higher minimum temperatures during flowering and podding. Yield decreased with higher minimum temperatures during vegetative growth and seed filling. Seed oil and also seed protein plus oil concentrations were both reduced with eCO2. Phenology has also changed, with soybean cultivars spending less time in vegetative growth, while time to maturity remained constant. Over the 23 years of the study, genetic improvement rates decreased as [CO2] increased. Newer cultivars are not better adapted to eCO2 and soybean breeders may need to intentionally select for favourable responses to eCO2 in the future.

scholarly journals Genetic controls of short- and long-term stomatal CO2 responses in Arabidopsis thaliana

2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-190
Author(s):  
Karin S L Johansson ◽  
Mohamed El-Soda ◽  
Ellen Pagel ◽  
Rhonda C Meyer ◽  
Kadri Tõldsepp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Co2 Response ◽  
Plant Water Use ◽  
Short And Long Term

Abstract Background and Aims The stomatal conductance (gs) of most plant species decreases in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration. This response could have a significant impact on plant water use in a future climate. However, the regulation of the CO2-induced stomatal closure response is not fully understood. Moreover, the potential genetic links between short-term (within minutes to hours) and long-term (within weeks to months) responses of gs to increased atmospheric CO2 have not been explored. Methods We used Arabidopsis thaliana recombinant inbred lines originating from accessions Col-0 (strong CO2 response) and C24 (weak CO2 response) to study short- and long-term controls of gs. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was used to identify loci controlling short- and long-term gs responses to elevated CO2, as well as other stomata-related traits. Key Results Short- and long-term stomatal responses to elevated CO2 were significantly correlated. Both short- and long-term responses were associated with a QTL at the end of chromosome 2. The location of this QTL was confirmed using near-isogenic lines and it was fine-mapped to a 410-kb region. The QTL did not correspond to any known gene involved in stomatal closure and had no effect on the responsiveness to abscisic acid. Additionally, we identified numerous other loci associated with stomatal regulation. Conclusions We identified and confirmed the effect of a strong QTL corresponding to a yet unknown regulator of stomatal closure in response to elevated CO2 concentration. The correlation between short- and long-term stomatal CO2 responses and the genetic link between these traits highlight the importance of understanding guard cell CO2 signalling to predict and manipulate plant water use in a world with increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. This study demonstrates the power of using natural variation to unravel the genetic regulation of complex traits.

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