Root traits and δ13C and δ18O of durum wheat under different water regimes

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhalim Elazab ◽  
Gemma Molero ◽  
Maria Dolores Serret ◽  
José Luis Araus
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Δ13c And Δ18o

Plant growth, root characteristics and the stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) composition were studied in durum wheat. Four recombinant inbred lines with good agronomic adaptation were grown under well watered (WW) and water stress (WS) conditions until mid-grain filling in lysimeters. Gas exchange was measured in the flag leaf just before harvest and then the aerial dry matter (Aerial DM), root weight density (RWD) and root length density (RLD) and the specific root length (SRL) were evaluated and the δ13C and δ18O of the roots, the flag leaf blade and the spike were analysed. Water stress decreased stomatal conductance, plant accumulated transpiration and Aerial DM, whereas δ13C and δ18O increased. Genotypic differences were found for all gas-exchange and root traits and isotope signatures. Aerial DM was positively correlated with RLD, regardless of the water regime, whereas it was negatively correlated with δ13C and δ18O, but only under WW conditions. Moreover, RWD and RLD were negatively related to both δ13C and δ18O under the WW regime, but no clear pattern existed under WS. Our study supports the use of δ13C and δ18O as proxies for selecting root traits associated with higher growth in the absence of water stress.

scholarly journals Exploring the physiological and agronomic response of Armoracia rusticana grown in rainfed Mediterranean conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Anna Rita Rivelli ◽  
Susanna De Maria
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Armoracia Rusticana ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
Mediterranean Conditions

Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) is a perennial plant, belonging to the Brassicaceae family, whose roots are widely used as a cooking spice and flavouring agent across the world and has recently acquired considerable scientific interest due to the richness of phytochemicals. Aim of the study was to explore water relations in plants grown in pots and subject to severe stress conditions and gas exchange, plant growth, and agronomic characteristics of two horseradish accessions grown in open field under rainfed Mediterranean conditions. Total and osmotic leaf water potential were significantly reduced by water stress to a similar extent at predawn and middle day. The carbon isotope composition (δ13C) (on average –34.2 and –28.9‰ in leaves and roots, respectively) resulted statistically different among water stress treatments in leaves collected at middle day. In open field, during the vegetative development, plants regulate the foliage expansion depending on rainfall distribution and temperature. When the dry period occurs, plants get rid of several mature leaves that dry completely, and might develop new leaves in the next period, when the air-cools and rainfall increases. During the dry period, horseradish optimised gas exchange during the day by increasing the net CO2 assimilation rate during the early morning (up to 31 μmol CO2 m–2s–1, on average), when the sunlight intensity and the air temperature conditions are more favourable. The species, which rely on an annual rainfall of about 680 mm, produced about 11.5 and 24.3 t/ha of roots from one- and two-year-old plantations, respectively. Regardless of accessions, close relationships were found between the number of leaves and root weight (R2=0.88 and P≤0.01) and diameter (R2=0.82 and P≤0.01). The results advise the importance to know the physiology and agronomic characteristics of horseradish to purposefully apply agronomic practices and strategies to maximise benefits for production and root quality.

scholarly journals Water and nitrogen conditions affect the relationships of Δ13C and Δ18O to gas exchange and growth in durum wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1633-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Llorenç Cabrera-Bosquet ◽  
Gemma Molero ◽  
Salvador Nogués ◽  
José Luis Araus
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Δ13c And Δ18o ◽  
Nitrogen Conditions

scholarly journals Novel approaches to improving growth of pasture legumes at low phosphorus levels

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
S.N. Nichols ◽  
J.R. Crush
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Acquisition ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract Strategies to reduce the economic and environmental costs of phosphate (P) fertiliser use in mixed pastures through plant breeding are focussed on inefficiencies in the legume component. One approach is breeding within white clover for root systems with improved P acquisition properties. Selection for root length per unit root weight (specific root length, SRL) showed that higher SRL plants could retain more biomass in the above ground fraction with decreasing soil P, whereas plants with lower SRL diverted more biomass to roots. Back cross 1 (BC1) generation interspecific hybrids between white clover and a wild relative, Trifolium uniflorum L., may possess additional root traits influencing P acquisition. In glasshouse experiments, some T. repens × T. uniflorum hybrids, back-crossed to white clover, also exhibited higher shoot dry weight than their white clover cultivar parents at low nutrient supply levels and low to intermediate soil Olsen P. This, combined with low internal P concentrations, suggests some BC1 hybrids may be more tolerant of low soil P than white clover. Differences in both P acquisition ability and internal P use efficiency may contribute to the observed yield differences. There are good prospects for delivery of new-generation clover cultivars with improved phosphate use efficiency to New Zealand farmers. Keywords: phosphorus, white clover, Trifolium uniflorum, interspecific

Genotypic differences in phosphorus acquisition efficiency and root performance of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) under low-phosphorus stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bolang Chen ◽  
Qinghui Wang ◽  
Heike Bücking ◽  
Jiandong Sheng ◽  
Jia Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
P Acquisition ◽  
Fine Root Length ◽  
Cotton Genotypes

Low availability of phosphorus (P) is a major constraint to production of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The extent to which genotypic variation in root traits exists or contributes to P-acquisition efficiency (PAE) in cotton is unknown. To assess genetic variation in PAE, the biomass and P-acquisition characteristics of 32 cotton genotypes were evaluated in a hydroponic experiment. Significant genotypic variation in biomass and P content was detected among the cotton genotypes in two seasons. We then conducted a 2-year pot experiment to compare P-efficiency traits between three P-efficient and two P-inefficient genotypes under P-deficient and P-sufficient conditions (0 and 75 mg P2O5 kg–1 soil, respectively). We detected significant differences in biomass accumulation and allocation, P accumulation and allocation, root traits and PAE among the five cotton genotypes under P-sufficient and P-deficient conditions. Compared with P-inefficient genotypes, P-efficient genotypes had longer surface fine roots, and greater total root surface area, total root length, surface root length, and P concentration (partitioning index) in bolls. Root morphology, especially surface fine root length and middle root length, played an important role in P uptake under P-deficient conditions.

Phenotyping of traits imparting drought tolerance in lentil

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 547 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kumar ◽  
P. S. Basu ◽  
E. Srivastava ◽  
S. K. Chaturvedi ◽  
N. Nadarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Rainfed Conditions

Lentil is one of most important pulse crops in South Asia, and invariably encounters terminal moisture stress, leading to forced maturity and lower yield. A long and prolific root system is known to enhance capacity of the plant to extract water from the lower soil strata and thus help avoid the water stress. We assessed genetic variation for 12 traits among 43 lentil genotypes comprising improved varieties and promising breeding lines. The average root length at the 65-day plant stage ranged from 42 to 83 cm. Two genotypes (EC 208362 and VKS 16/11) with shorter root length and poor dry root weight (DRW) and three genotypes (DPL 53, JL 1, and IPL 98/193) with longer root length and high DRW were identified with stable performance over the years. Relationship of root traits with seed yield under rainfed conditions was non-significant in our study. The SPAD value (chlorophyll content) showed significantly positive correlation with DRW (r = 0.45**) and root length (r = 0.44**) and thus can be used as selection criterion for phenotyping root traits which are otherwise difficult to measure in the field. In drought-prone environments, early flowering and maturity, seedling vigour, and high SPAD value, biological yield, and harvest index were identified as key traits for higher seed yield in lentil. Our results revealed significant genetic variability for these traits in lentil germplasm. Indian genotypes adapted to rainfed conditions were shown to have longer roots and higher DRW. The three genotypes (DPL 53, JL 1, and IPL 98/193) identified with superior root traits either originated from or have in their ancestries at least one parent adapted to rainfed conditions. These genotypes can be utilised for the development of mapping populations to identify QTLs associated with these traits for marker-assisted breeding of drought-tolerant, high-yielding varieties of lentil.

scholarly journals Genetic Bases of Root System Architecture in Durum Wheat Seedlings

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Ghasemali Nazemi ◽  
Silvio Salvi
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Significant Difference

Root system architecture (RSA) traits are characterized by constitutive genetic inheritance components which may enable to predict the root phenotypes based on genetic information. The research presented in this study aimed at the identification of traits and genes that underlie root system architecture (RSA) in a population of 176 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between two durum wheat cvs. Meridiana and Claudio, in order to eventually contribute to the genetic improvement of this species. The following seedling-stage RSA traits were: primary root length, seminal root length, total root length, diameter of primary and seminal roots. Results of ANOVA showed a significant difference among durum wheat cultivars for all traits and the largest heritability was observed for total root length (30.7%). In total, 14 novel QTLs for RSA traits were identified, and both parents contributed favorable alleles to the population.International Journal of Life Sciences 10 (1) : 2016; 25-28

scholarly journals Root morphology and root characters of different cocoa (Theobroma cacao L) types at 100 and 50 percent field capacity under water deficit condition

1970 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
ARUNKUMAR K
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Stressed Condition ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Water Stress Condition

Aim of this study to screened the root morphology and root characters of different cocoa types at 100 and 50 percent field capacity under water deficit condition at seedling stage. A survey was conducted at Idukki region of Kerala and twenty seven plus trees were identified. These twenty seven plus trees were screened for water stress tolerance under glasshouse condition by gravimetric method. With respect to the performance of plus trees, root length under 50% field capacity got increased to 21.15 cm as against 20.51 cm in 100 per cent field capacity. Fresh root weight and dry root weight substantially got increased under water stress. The average root girth of 27 plus trees got increased in stressed condition from 3.70 cm to 3.88 cm. The root volume also followed the same trend (47.28 as against 45.96). The percent of nitrogen is 1.37 in 50 per cent field capacity as against 1.63 in 100 per cent field capacity. The percentage of phosphorous decreased to 0.16 under 50 per cent field capacity as against 0.37 in 100 per cent field capacity. Similarly the percentage of potassium also showed a decreasing trend (1.27 % under 100 % field capacity to 1.06 % under 50 % field capacity). In the present investigation, under water stress condition the root length, number of roots, fresh weight of root and dry weight of root tends to increase compared to the 100 per cent field capacity, indicating the morphological adaptations of roots to survive under water stress condition. Furthermore, under water stress condition, root nutrients tend to get depleted.

scholarly journals Root Trait Diversity in Field Grown Durum Wheat and Comparison with Seedlings

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2545
Author(s):  
Ridha Boudiar ◽  
Alejandra Cabeza ◽  
Miriam Fernández-Calleja ◽  
Antonio Pérez-Torres ◽  
Ana M. Casas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Soil Volume

Roots are important for crop adaptation, particularly in dryland environments. We evaluated root development of 37 durum wheat genotypes (modern cultivars and landraces) in the field at the adult plant stage, through a shovelomics approach. Large genotypic variability was found for root traits. Differences between the landraces and modern cultivars were the main driver of this variation, with landraces showing higher plant vigor for roots and shoots. Nonetheless, genotypic variation within groups was also observed, related to different models of root growth, largely independent of total root length. These two models represented root growth were oriented either to occupy more soil volume, or to occupy less soil volume with increased density. The field results were then compared with root data previously collected in seedlings using a filter paper-based method, to assess whether early root anticipated adult root features. Field plants showed a narrower root angle than seedlings. In particular, landraces presented a narrower root angle than cultivars, but only at seedling stage. Potentially useful correlations were found between the two growth stages for root length and number.

scholarly journals Intraspecific genetic variation within and between improved cultivars and landraces of durum wheat in germination and root architectural traits under saline conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidal Odat
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
Intraspecific Genetic Variation ◽  
Architectural Traits

This study was conducted to investigate the genetic variation within and between two subgroups of durum wheat in Jordan, i.e., cultivars and landraces, in germination and root architectural traits at three salinity concentrations (50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl). The results indicate that salinity significantly impacted most traits investigated. A multivariate discriminant analysis (DA) revealed large variations (~85%) between genotypes, with significant ranking in maximum root length, total root length, seminal root length, coleoptile length, germination percentage, and total and seminal root number over the three salinities. Within the cultivar subgroup, salinity significantly influenced the germination percentage and most root traits of durum genotypes, with variable magnitudes depending on NaCl concentration and within-variety intraspecific genetic variation (ANOVAs; P < 0.05). However, within the landrace subgroup, only a salinity of 150 mM NaCl significantly affected the studied traits, and the effect of salinity on germination percentage was highly genotype dependent. Additionally, the durum genotypes in the landrace subgroup were more affected by salinity and showed more genetic variation than those in the cultivar subgroup. 

scholarly journals Identification of Markers for Root Traits Related to Drought Tolerance Using Traditional Rice Germplasm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harendra Verma ◽  
R. N. Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Root And Shoot Traits

Abstract Background: Drought is one of the important constraints affecting rice productivity worldwide. The vigorous shoot and deep root system help to improve drought resistance. In present era, genome-wide association study (GWAS) is the preferred method for mapping of QTLs for complex traits such as root and drought tolerance traits. In the present study, 114 rice genotypes were evaluated for various root and shoot traits under water stress conditions. All the genotypes were genotyped using 65 SSR markers covering all 12 chromosomes for the identification of various QTLs for root and shoot traits using MLM (Q+K) model in GWAS. Results: All genotypes showed a significant amount of variation for various root and shoot traits. Correlation analysis revealed that high dry shoot weight and fresh shoot weight is associated with root length, root volume, fresh root weight and dry root weight. A total of 11 significant marker-trait associations were detected for various root, shoot and drought tolerance traits with the coefficient of determination (R2) ranging from 18.99% to 53.41%. Marker RM252 and RM212 showed association with three root traits which suggests their scope for improvement of root system in rice improvement breeding programmes. In the present study a novel QTL was detected for root length associated with RM127, explaining 19.30% of variation. Conclusion: The marker alleles with increasing phenotypic effects for root and drought-tolerant traits can be exploited for improvement of root and drought tolerance traits using marker-assisted selection.

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