Identification of chromosomes controlling abscisic acid responsiveness and transcript accumulation of Cor - Lea genes in common wheat seedlings

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio C. M. Iehisa ◽  
Yumeto Kurahashi ◽  
Shigeo Takumi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Homologous Pair ◽  
Transcript Accumulation ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

Abiotic stresses, such as cold, drought or high salinity, seriously affect plant growth and reduce yield in crop species including common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The phytohormone ABA plays important roles in plant adaptation to abiotic stress. We compared responsiveness to exogenous ABA, based on root growth inhibition by ABA, among three common wheat cultivars. Seedlings of the cultivars Cheyenne (Cnn) and Hope showed higher ABA responsiveness and higher levels of Cor (cold-responsive)–Lea (late embryogenesis abundant) gene expression than seedlings of Chinese Spring (CS). The chromosomes involved in the regulation of ABA responsiveness and Cor–Lea expression were identified using chromosome substitution lines, in which a chromosome pair of CS was substituted for the corresponding homologous pair of Cnn or Hope. In the CS–Cnn substitution lines, chromosomes 3A, 5A, 5D and 7A increased the ABA responsiveness of CS. Chromosomes 3A and 5A were also involved in the regulation of Cor–Lea gene expression and stomatal response during leaf dehydration. Substitution of CS chromosomes 3A or 5A with the respective homologous pair from Hope also enhanced ABA responsiveness and Cor–Lea expression. In addition, the factors present on chromosomes 4D and 7B of highly responsive cultivars increased Wrab17 expression but had little or no effect on ABA responsiveness. Cultivar differences in ABA responsiveness appear to be determined by genes present on these specific chromosomes in common wheat.

PERFORMANCE OF HYBRID POPULATIONS DERIVED FROM CROSSES OF SUBSTITUTION LINES OF COMMON WHEAT

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 816-821
Author(s):  
Sadeque U. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Quantitative Characters

The recipient variety 'Chinese Spring', chromosome substitution lines 1B of Timstein' and 4A of 'Thatcher', and donor varieties Timstein and Thatcher were studied with respect to six quantitative characters, viz. earliness, plant height, tiller number per plant, kernel number per spike, 1000-kernel weight and total grain yield per plant. Heterosis was observed for all characters; however, the degree and direction of heterosis varied for different characters and for different hybrid populations. Evidence for significant improvement in kernel weight and total grain yield per plant combined with early heading and short plant height were obtained. Evidence was obtained indicating that substitution lines may be effective breeding materials in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs.

scholarly journals Adaptation reactions of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and emmer (T. dicoccum Schrank ex Schübl.) seedlings under osmotic stress and treatment with metal nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
M. Musienko ◽  
Ya. Gadzalo ◽  
M. Kovalenko ◽  
L. Batsmanova ◽  
Ye. Konotop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
Oxidative Homeostasis

Aim. To study the adaptive reactions of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and emmer (T. dicoccum Schrank ex Schübl.) seedlings using the parameters of oxidative homeostasis under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stress and metal (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn) mixture nanoparticles treatment. Methods. Biochemical assays: spectrophotometric measurements of the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT), the content of proline and products of lipid peroxidation; mathematical statistics. Results. The state of oxidative homeostasis of common wheat (cv. Favorytka, cv. Trypilska) and emmer (cv. Holikovska) seedlings under PEG-induced osmotic stress conditions was investigated and analyzed. The development of lipid peroxidation processes under stress conditions was observed only in the cv. Trypilska seedlings. It was established that proline content in common wheat seedlings of both cultivars under stress had signifi cant (10 : 1) predominance in roots, while in roots and shoots of emmer seedlings proline content increased equally. SOD activity in the leaves of the studied cultivars under stress conditions was not changed. At the same time, an increase of SOD activity by 30 % under osmotic stress was shown in the roots of common wheat of cv. Favorytka, while it decreased by 25 % in the roots of cv. Trypilska. It was established that CAT activity in the roots of both cultivars of common wheat decreased by 25 and 38 %, respectively, whereas in emmer of cv. Holikovska this parameter increased by 35 % under osmotic stress. Presowing treatment using a colloidal solution of a mixture of biogenic metal nanoparticles contributed to the induction of SOD activity in the roots of cv. Favorytka, CAT activity in the leaves of cv. Trypilska, and CAT activity in the roots and leaves of cv. Holikovska compared to non-treated plants. It should be noted that the treatment of plants with metal nanoparticles promoted the restoration of CAT activity in the roots under osmotic stress conditions to the level of the control plants in both wheat varieties. Conclusions. It was established that osmotic stress provoked the development of oxidative processes and inhibition of the activities of antioxidant enzymes, in particular, SOD and CAT, in the seedling roots of common wheat cultivars. It was shown that emmer wheat seedlings of cv. Holikovska can maintain redox homeostasis and avoid oxidative damage under osmotic stress conditions. It was found that the seedlings of common wheat and emmer demonstrated different strategies of osmotic regulation under osmotic stress, which is confi rmed, in particular, at the level of proline accumulation. It was shown that the application of colloidal solutions of metal nanoparticles induced an antioxidant protection system and reduced the oxidative processes, which are inevitable effects of drought. The obtained results indicate that common wheat cultivars are more susceptible to drought compared to emmer wheat of cv. Holikovska.

Evidence for the multiplicity of alleles at Vrn1, the winter–spring habit locus in common wheat

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. A. Roberts ◽  
M. D. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome 5A ◽  
The Common

Changes in the number of days to first emergence of the spike head with increasing duration of vernalization were examined in the common wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) 'Rescue,' 'Winalta,' 'Kharkov 22 MC,' and the disomic substitution lines of 'Winalta' and 'Kharkov 22 MC possessing the 5A chromosome from 'Rescue.' The data suggest the existence of three Vrn1 alleles in addition to the Vrn1 allele which occurs in 'Cadet.'Key words: vernalization, Triticum, Vrn alleles, chromosome 5A.

Effect of 24-epibrassinolide on localization of ABA, AZP, and dehydrins in wheat plant roots during dehydration

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
A.R. Lubyanova ◽  
F.M. Shakirova ◽  
M.V. Bezrukova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Apoplastic Barrier ◽  
Protective Proteins

We studied the immunohistochemical localization of abscisic acid (ABA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and dehydrins in the roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) during 24-epibrassinolide-pretreatment (EB-pretreatment) and PEG-induced dehydration. It was found coimmunolocalization of ABA, WGA and dehydrins in the cells of central cylinder of basal part untreated and EB-pretreated roots of wheat seedlings under normal conditions and under osmotic stress. Such mutual localization ABA and protective proteins, WGA and dehydrins, indicates the possible effect of their distribution in the tissues of EB-pretreated wheat roots during dehydration on the apoplastic barrier functioning, which apparently contributes to decrease the water loss under dehydration. Perhaps, the significant localization of ABA and wheat lectin in the metaxylem region enhances EB-induced transport of ABA and WGA from roots to shoots under stress. It can be assumed that brassinosteroids can serve as intermediates in the realization of the protective effect of WGA and wheat dehydrins during water deficit.

scholarly journals Remodeling of root morphology by CuO and ZnO nanoparticles: effects on drought tolerance for plants colonized by a beneficial pseudomonad

Botany ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Yeol Yang ◽  
Stephanie Doxey ◽  
Joan E. McLean ◽  
David Britt ◽  
Andre Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Cuo Nps ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Induced Tolerance

Formulations that include nanoparticles of CuO and ZnO are being considered for agricultural applications as fertilizers because they act as sources of Cu or Zn. Currently, few studies of the effects of these nanoparticles (NPs) consider the three-way interactions of NPs with the plant plus its microbiome. At doses that produced root shortening by both nanoparticles (NPs), CuO NPs induced the proliferation of elongated root hairs close to the root tip, and ZnO NPs increased lateral root formation in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.). These responses occurred with roots colonized by a beneficial bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 (PcO6), originally isolated from roots of wheat grown under dryland farming in calcareous soils. The PcO6-induced tolerance to drought stress in wheat seedlings was not impaired by the NPs. Rather, growth of the PcO6-colonized plants with NPs resulted in systemic increases in the expression of genes associated with tolerance to water stress. Increased expression in the shoots of other genes related to metal stress was consistent with higher levels of Cu and Zn in PcO6-colonized shoots grown with the NPs. This work demonstrates that plants grown with CuO or ZnO NPs showed cross-protection from different challenges such as metal stress and drought.

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