Soil nitrogen supply to rice: crop sequence effects

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 987 ◽  
Author(s):  
HG Beecher ◽  
JA Thompson ◽  
PE Bacon ◽  
BW Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Crop Sequence

The effect of cropping sequence on soil nitrogen (N) supply to a rice crop was investigated using an in situ incubation technique in a direct drill system on a red-brown earth soil in south-eastern Australia. The crop sequences were (i) a rice crop in each of the previous 4 summers, (ii) rice then 4 seasons of annual pasture (long pasture phase), (iii) rice, 2 winter cereal crops then 2 seasons of annual pasture (short pasture phase), and (iv) rice then 4 winter cereal crops. This study was undertaken in the fifth year of the crop sequence experiment, when all sequences had returned to rice. Within the rice crop, fertilised (160 kg N/ha) and unfertilised plots were established on the burnt stubble portion of the main crop sequence plots. Nitrogen uptake in unfertilised plots ranged from 79 kg N/ha in continuously cropped rice treatments to 165 kg N/ha in short pasture phase treatments. Application of 160 kg N/ha at permanent flood increased N uptake to 207 kg N/ha for the short pasture treatment. Crop biomass and tillering varied with cropping sequence and increased with fertiliser nitrogen application. Crop sequence had little effect on soil mineral N content during the growing season. However, total soil N mineralisation during the season varied with both crop sequence and fertiliser application. The continuous rice sequence mineralised 119 kg N/ha, whilst the long pasture phase sequence mineralised 246 kg N/ha. Fertiliser application increased mineralised N to 267 and 337 kg N/ha for continuous rice and short pasture phase treatments, respectively. Nitrogen mineralisation rate peaked (4 kg N/ha.day) some 40-50 days after permanent flood, coinciding with panicle initiation and the period of high N demand in the rice crop. Increased N availability after panicle initiation resulted in significantly higher grain yields. This work demonstrates that both the magnitude and timing of N supply affects the grain yield of the rice crop. Nitrogen supply is affected by the previous crop sequences. Practical implications are that pasture phase length of highly clover-dominant pastures could be reduced (from 4 to 2 years) and still provide similar contributions of N to succeeding rice crops; that continuous rice growing might achieve high yields similar to rice in rotation with legume pastures with the judicious application of fertiliser N; and that these N fertiliser applications may have to be quite high to achieve grain yields similar to rice in rotation with legume pastures.

Effect of cropping sequences on soil nitrogen levels, rice growth, and grain yields

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 977 ◽  
Author(s):  
HG Beecher ◽  
JA Thompson ◽  
PE Bacon ◽  
DP Heenan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Soil Ammonium ◽  
Clover Pasture

The effect of 7 different crop and pasture sequences and cereal stubble management on soil nitrogen (N) levels and growth and grain yield of 2 subsequent rice crops was studied over 6 years (1986-92) on a Birganbigil clay loam soil at Yanco Agricultural Institute. After harvest of an initial rice crop in 1987, the following crop sequences were imposed: continuous annual rice cropping; 2 triticale crops, 2 seasons of pasture; pasture for 4 seasons; a second rice crop, 3 seasons of pasture; a second and third rice crop, 2 seasons of pasture; winter cereals; double cropped (winter-summer) on raised beds. The growth and productivity of 2 subsequent rice crops (1990-91, 1991-92) was then evaluated. Stubble retention rather than burning was practiced on half of each plot. Half of each pasture plot was sown to annual pasture (Trifolium subterraneum), while the other half was sown to perennial pasture (Trifolium repens). All plots returned to rice in 1990-91 and N rates up to 400 kg N/ka were applied. No fertiliser was applied to the 1991-92 crop. Anaerobic incubation ammonium content of soil, sampled before sowing of the 1990-91 rice crop, ranged from 28 to 85 pg/g oven-dried soil. The 1990-91 rice crop reduced soil ammonium by 30 y g/g in all sequences except continuous annual rice cropping. These differences in soil ammonium content were significantly correlated with rice growth and yield. Dry matter at panicle initiation and at physiological maturity and grain yield all increased significantly with N fertiliser application for all crop sequences. This indicates the benefit of N fertiliser, even after a 4-year pasture phase. Modelled grain yield from the unfertilised 2-year subterranean clover pasture (10.4 t/ha) was equal to that from the continuous rice sequence receiving 212 kg N/ha. Applying 320 kg N/ha to continuous rice plots produced yields similar to that of the 2-year subterranean clover pasture sequence, which received 98 kg N/ha. This indicates that the major effect on grain yield of different crop sequences could be alleviated through high N applications. Stubble management had little effect on rice growth or grain yield. Sequences with pasture phases of 2, 3, and 4 years produced similar rice grain yields. Pasture phases still had a positive effect, compared with continuous ricegrowing, on the second rice crop; however, crop growth and grain yield were about half that obtained from the unfertilised plots of the first rice crop. We conclude that continuous, high-yielding, annual ricegrowing can be maintained provided the N supply is adequate, that highly productive legume-dominant pasture phases of 2, 3, or 4 years contribute eqivalent amounts of N to succeeding rice crops, and that stubble management technique or pasture type has little effect on grain yield.

scholarly journals Sustaining productivity of a Vertosol at Warra, Queensland, with fertilisers, no-tillage or legumes. 8. Effect of duration of lucerne ley on soil nitrogen and water, wheat yield and protein

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Dalal ◽  
E. J. Weston ◽  
W. M. Strong ◽  
M. E. Probert ◽  
K. J. Lehane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Fertiliser Application

Soil nitrogen (N) supply in the Vertosols of southern Queensland, Australia has steadily declined as a result of long-term cereal cropping without N fertiliser application or rotations with legumes. Nitrogen-fixing legumes such as lucerne may enhance soil N supply and therefore could be used in lucerne–wheat rotations. However, lucerne leys in this subtropical environment can create a soil moisture deficit, which may persist for a number of seasons. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of varying the duration of a lucerne ley (for up to 4 years) on soil N increase, N supply to wheat, soil water changes, wheat yields and wheat protein on a fertility-depleted Vertosol in a field experiment between 1989 and 1996 at Warra (26°47′S, 150°53′E), southern Queensland. The experiment consisted of a wheat–wheat rotation, and 8 treatments of lucerne leys starting in 1989 (phase 1) or 1990 (phase 2) for 1, 2, 3 or 4 years duration, followed by wheat cropping. Lucerne DM yield and N yield increased with increasing duration of lucerne leys. Soil N increased over time following 2 years of lucerne but there was no further significant increase after 3 or 4 years of lucerne ley. Soil nitrate concentrations increased significantly with all lucerne leys and moved progressively downward in the soil profile from 1992 to 1995. Soil water, especially at 0.9–1.2 m depth, remained significantly lower for the next 3 years after the termination of the 4-year lucerne ley than under continuous wheat. No significant increase in wheat yields was observed from 1992 to 1995, irrespective of the lucerne ley. However, wheat grain protein concentrations were significantly higher under lucerne–wheat than under wheat–wheat rotations for 3–5 years. The lucerne yield and soil water and nitrate-N concentrations were satisfactorily simulated with the APSIM model. Although significant N accretion occurred in the soil following lucerne leys, in drier seasons, recharge of the drier soil profile following long duration lucerne occurred after 3 years. Consequently, 3- and 4-year lucerne–wheat rotations resulted in more variable wheat yields than wheat–wheat rotations in this region. The remaining challenge in using lucerne–wheat rotations is balancing the N accretion benefits with plant-available water deficits, which are most likely to occur in the highly variable rainfall conditions of this region.

Factors affecting soil nitrogen supply in tobacco fields in Southwest Hubei

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1157-1162
Author(s):  
Shu-Jun ZHAO ◽  
Jia-Fu YUAN ◽  
Xin-Ran ZHANG ◽  
Xiang-Yu XU ◽  
You-Sheng XIONG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Supply

scholarly journals Soil nitrogen supply of peat grasslands estimated by degree days and soil organic matter content

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-365
Author(s):  
J. Pijlman ◽  
G. Holshof ◽  
W. van den Berg ◽  
G. H. Ros ◽  
J. W. Erisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Supply

ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE MAIN CLIMATIC FACTORS ON THE YIELD OF WINTER CEREAL CROPS ON THE TERRITORY OF BELARUS FOR FORECASTING PURPOSES

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Halina A. Kamyshenka
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Variability ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Statistical Assessment ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

The results of a statistical assessment of the influence of changing weather and climatic conditions of the territory of Belarus on the productivity of the main winter cereal crops are presented in order to build computational models of productivity. The calculations were made with respect to the climatic component as a predictor, taking into account the deviations of air temperature and precipitation from the long-term climatic norm of months that have the most significant effect on the yield of the studied crops. For winter rye and wheat, adequate models of yield variability have been built. The research results are relevant for solving forecasting problems.

Survey of Barley yellow dwarf virus incidence in winter cereal crops, and assessment of wheat and barley resistance to the virus

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Beoni ◽  
Jana Chrpová ◽  
Jana Jarošová ◽  
Jiban Kumar Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

A survey of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) incidence in cereal crops in the Czech Republic over 4 years showed, on average, 13.3% BYDV-positive, randomly tested wheat and barley samples. The cultivated wheat and barley cultivars had different levels of susceptibility to BYDV infection. Field trials were performed with different barley and wheat breeding lines and cultivars, and resistance traits were evaluated after artificial inculcation by the viruliferous aphid vector Rhopalosiphum padi L. with BYDV-PAV. Our results showed high variability of visual symptom score (VSS) and reduction in grain weight per spike (GWS-R) in trials within the tested lines and cultivars. The barley line (WBON 96-123) and cultivars (Wysor, Travira) that contained RYd2 differed significantly from other cultivars in VSS. Line WBON 96-123 and cvv. Wysor and Yatzi showed the lowest GWS-R. Wheat line PSR 3628 and cvv. Altigo, Elan, Sparta, Aladin and Hewit showed significant difference from other cultivars in VSS. PSR 3628, Sparta, and Elan showed the lowest GWS-R. Similar results were obtained from BYDV titre analysis by RT-qPCR corresponding to the VSS and GWS-R traits. A low virus titre corresponded to low VSS and GWS-R. Hence, our results suggest that laborious and time-consuming GWS-R analysis could be replaced in some cases by qPCR-based BYDV titre analysis and, together with VSS evaluation, could enhance the efficiency of resistance assessment.

Effect of Liquid Manure Application Methods on Soil Nitrogen and Corn Grain Yields

jpa ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Schmitt ◽  
S. D. Evans ◽  
G. W. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Corn Grain
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