Soil pH, extractable phosphorus, and exchangeable cations as affected by rates of fertiliser nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium applied over several years to Valencia orange trees

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Sarooshi ◽  
RG Weir ◽  
IM Barchia
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Available P ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Orange Trees

The long-term, annual application of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) to the drip area of Valencia orange trees growing in a Tiltao sandy loam soil in the Sunraysia district of the lower Murray was investigated for its effect on soil pH, Bray 1 extractable soil P, and exchangeable cations calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), K, sodium (Na), and aluminium (Al) at 5 soil depths.Nitrogen (applied as ammonium nitrate) generally lowered soil pH to a depth of 30 cm, the effect increasing with rate of applied N. At 20 cm depth, the highest rate of applied N (450 kg/ha) reduced soil pH from 7.6 to 3.9, while 150 kg N/ha resulted in a soil pH of 5.0. Consequently, levels of exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, and Na in the soil were lower. There was a strong negative correlation between soil A1 and soil pH. At soil depths of 10-30 cm, the highest rate of applied N resulted in high levels (>20%) of exchangeable A1 as a proportion of the effective cation exchange capacity (CEC). Available soil P increased with rate of applied P, but the effect decreased with depth. Significantly (P<0.05) increased levels of available P were found to 30 cm depth when P was applied at 30 and 90 kg/ha, and to 60 cm depth at 180 kg P/ha. At 180 kg P/ha, Ca from superphosphate decreased Mg to 60 cm depth. Soil K levels were higher with increased rate of applied K and increased soil depth. The highest rate of applied K (360 kg/ha) depressed available P to 90 cm depth. Exchangeable Mg, K and Na percentages of the CEC in most treatments and at most soil depths were above the desirable range. Soil Na levels for some treatments and depths approached the level for sodic soils.

scholarly journals Spatial variation features description of soil available P, K, Mg and soil pH by proportional effect

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Brodský ◽  
J. Száková ◽  
M. Bazalová ◽  
V. Penížek
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Available P ◽  
Relationship Strength ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Field Fluctuations ◽  
Proportional Effect ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigates the proportional effect of selected soil properties &ndash; low spatial variation changes are related to their local magnitudes (here standard deviation vs. mean). Content of available P, K, and Mg, and soil pH were analysed on nine agricultural fields of the&nbsp;Xzech Republic. Firstly, strong direct within-field proportional effect based on Moving Window Statistics (MWS) was found for soil P and K, while Mg did not exhibit any clear proportionality. Soil pH showed indication of inverse proportional effect with high field-to-field fluctuations. The relationship strength of the effect was functionally related to the asymmetry (skewness) of distribution (r = 0.31 &times; skew 0.08). Secondly, between-field proportional effect of 9 surveyed fields, as a&nbsp;measure at different scale, showed generally parallel results with the MWS approach. Proportionality is therefore not scale dependent. However, slopes of linear relationships were different for the two scales. Finally, models for prediction of proportional variogram parameters were calculated. Correlation coefficients of relationship between semivariance parameters and mean proved that sill-nugget is more stable (r = 0.74 for P and 0.83 for K) than nugget (r = 0.30 for P and 0.53 for K).

Effect of soil types and rootstocks on root distribution, chemical composition of leaves and yield of valencia oranges

Soil Research ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
EH Mikhail ◽  
BM El-Zeftawi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
Leaf Composition ◽  
Manganese Magnesium

Effects of three soil types and three rootstocks on the performance of Valencia orange trees as measured by root distribution, leaf composition and yield were studied. The majority of roots were concentrated in the top 60 cm of soil. Trees on Murray sand had twice as many roots as on Barmera sand 'shallow phase', or as on Moorook sandy loam below 90 cm. Chlorophyll and iron levels were lowest in new 3-month-old leaves and increased with age. Levels of zinc, manganese, magnesium, calcium and chloride showed similar trends. Trees on Moorook sandy loam were not chlorotic in spite of the low chlorophyll in their leaves and the lowest production.

scholarly journals Monitoring a commercial vineyard in New Zealand to maintain soil health and achieve long-term sustainability

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01019
Author(s):  
Robert E White ◽  
Daniel Watson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Available P ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil P

This paper illustrates the benefits of long-term monitoring of soil and vine health in Craggy Range’s Te Muna vineyard in the Martinborough region of New Zealand. The soils at Te Muna are formed on two river terraces. The higher and older terrace, planted to Pinot Noir, is very gravelly; the lower and younger terrace, planted to Sauvignon Blanc, contains more silt and very fine sand. Both terraces are freely drained. Soil pH, organic C and available P were monitored in selected blocks on both terraces. Under current management that includes cover crops and sheep grazing in winter, soil organic C has been stable for 10 years. Because of the regular application of RPR and intermittent liming, soil pH (water) has risen from c.5.5 to 6.5–7. Values for soil available P, measured by Olsen bicarbonate and Mehlich-3 extractions, diverged over time. The Olsen test indicated satisfactory P levels: conversely, the Mehlich test showed P values rising to very high levels, confirming Western Australian experience that this acid extraction is unsuitable for soils treated with RPR. Petiole and leaf blade P concentrations confirmed these results, but they showed greater interannual variation than the soil P measurements. Overall, the long-term sustainability of the vineyard should be assured.

scholarly journals Soil fertility status of some mango orchards in Chittagong Hill Tracts

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 187-197
Author(s):  
MG Kibria ◽  
MJ Ahammad ◽  
KT Osman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available P ◽  
Total N ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Soil Fertility Status ◽  
Orchard Soils

Major physico-chemical properties of mango orchard soils (Mangifera indica L.) in different sites of three hill districts, Rangamati, Khagrachari and Bandarban were evaluated. Soils were sandy loam in texture at all the sites except foot hill soil of Shapchari. Soil pH, organic matter, total N and available P varied from 4.76 to 5.58, 1.43 to 2.49 %, 0.10 to 0.16 %, 0.86 mg kg-1 to 2.69 mg kg-1 soil, respectively in surface soil of different sites of mango orchard. 1N NH4OAc extractable K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ ranged from 0.35 to 0.82, 2.50 to 3.66 and 0.60 to 1.57 cmol kg-1 of soils. Soil pH, organic matter, total N and available P varied significantly among the slope positions within the sites. Similar results were found in case of 1N NH4OAc extractable K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. The soils are generally poor in organic matter and nutrients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cujbs.v6i1-2.17244 The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 6(1&2):187-197, 2011

Sink strength of citrus rootstocks under water deficit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone F da Silva ◽  
Marcela T Miranda ◽  
Vladimir E Costa ◽  
Eduardo C Machado ◽  
Rafael V Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Carbon Supply ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Orange Trees

Abstract Carbon allocation between source and sink organs determines plant growth and is influenced by environmental conditions. Under water deficit, plant growth is inhibited before photosynthesis and shoot growth tends to be more sensitive than root growth. However, the modulation of source-sink relationship by rootstocks remain unsolved in citrus trees under water deficit. Citrus plants grafted on Rangpur lime are drought tolerant, which may be related to a fine coordination of the source-sink relationship for maintaining root growth. Here, we followed 13C allocation and evaluated physiological responses and growth of Valencia orange trees grafted on three citrus rootstocks (Rangpur lime, Swingle citrumelo and Sunki mandarin) under water deficit. As compared to plants on Swingle and Sunki rootstocks, ones grafted on Rangpur lime showed higher stomatal sensitivity to the initial variation of water availability and less accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates in roots under water deficit. High 13C allocation found in Rangpur lime roots indicates this rootstock has high sink demand associated with high root growth under water deficit. Our data suggest that Rangpur lime rootstock used photoassimilates as sources of energy and carbon skeletons for growing under drought, which is likely related to increases in root respiration. Taken together, our data revealed that carbon supply by leaves and delivery to roots are critical for maintaining root growth and improving drought tolerance, with citrus rootstocks showing differential sink strength under water deficit.

Improving Valencia Orange Trees Status with Zinc Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1173-1177
Author(s):  
A. Ibrahim ◽  
M. Gad
Keyword(s):  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
Zinc Application

scholarly journals Effect of Vector Control and Foliar Nutrition on the Quality of Orange Juice Affected by Huanglongbing: Sensory Evaluation

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1092-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Plotto ◽  
Elizabeth Baldwin ◽  
Jinhe Bai ◽  
John Manthey ◽  
Smita Raithore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orange Juice ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Fundamental Knowledge ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
Negative Attributes

A 3-year study was undertaken to establish the effect of field nutritional sprays, combined with insecticide treatments or not against Asian Citrus psyllid, on the fruit quality of ‘Valencia’ orange trees affected by the greening disease Huanglongbing (HLB). Four replicated plots were harvested, juiced, and pasteurized. Nine to twelve trained panelists evaluated the juice using seven flavor, five taste, four mouthfeel and three aftertaste descriptors. There was little difference between treatments in 2013; only orange peel flavor and bitterness were significantly lower for the insecticide treatment. In 2014, positive attributes, such as orange and fruity flavor, sweetness and mouthfeel body, were significantly higher in the insecticide treatment. Sourness was highest in untreated control, and there were no differences between treatments for bitterness. In 2015, negative attributes, such as grapefruit, orange peel and typical HLB flavor, sourness, bitterness, and astringency, were significantly higher in untreated control fruit, suggesting perhaps that the beneficial effect of nutritional and insecticide treatments was cumulative, only manifesting on the 3rd year of the study, and or because of the progression of the disease affecting untreated controls. Data are discussed in relation to juice chemical composition, including volatiles, sugars, acids, limonoids, and flavonoids, adding to the fundamental knowledge concerning chemical drivers of orange flavor.

scholarly journals Phosphorus extracted by ion exchange resins and mehlich-1 from oxisols (latosols) treated with different phosphorus rates and sources for varied soil-source contact periods

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irio Fernando de Freitas ◽  
Roberto Ferreira Novais ◽  
Ecila Mercês de Albuquerque Villani ◽  
Sarah Vieira Novais
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Available P ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Reactive Phosphate ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
P Sources

Despite the large number of studies addressing the quantification of phosphorus (P) availability by different extraction methods, many questions remain unanswered. The aim of this paper was to compare the effectiveness of the extractors Mehlich-1, Anionic Resin (AR) and Mixed Resin (MR), to determine the availability of P under different experimental conditions. The laboratory study was arranged in randomized blocks in a [(3 x 3 x 2) + 3] x 4 factorial design, with four replications, testing the response of three soils with different texture: a very clayey Red Latosol (LV), a sandy clay loam Red Yellow Latosol (LVA), and a sandy loam Yellow Latosol (LA), to three sources (triple superphosphate, reactive phosphate rock from Gafsa-Tunisia; and natural phosphate from Araxá-Minas Gerais) at two P rates (75 and 150 mg dm-3), plus three control treatments (each soil without P application) after four contact periods (15, 30, 60, and 120 days) of the P sources with soil. The soil acidity of LV and LVA was adjusted by raising base saturation to 60 % with the application of CaCO3 and MgCO3 at a 4:1 molar ratio (LA required no correction). These samples were maintained at field moisture capacity for 30 days. After the contact periods, the samples were collected to quantify the available P concentrations by the three extractants. In general, all three indicated that the available P-content in soils was reduced after longer contact periods with the P sources. Of the three sources, this reduction was most pronounced for triple superphosphate, intermediate for reactive phosphate, while Araxá phosphate was least sensitive to the effect of time. It was observed that AR extracted lower P levels from all three soils when the sources were phosphate rocks, while MR extracted values close to Mehlich-1 in LV (clay) and LVA (medium texture) for reactive phosphate. For Araxá phosphate, much higher P values were determined by Mehlich-1 than by the resins, because of the acidity of the extractor. For triple superphosphate, both resins extracted higher P levels than Mehlich-1, due to the consumption of this extractor, particularly when used for LV and LVA.

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