Response of wheat, triticale, barley, and canola to lime on four soil types in north-eastern Victoria

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Slattery ◽  
DR Coventry
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Red Earth ◽  
Simple Equations ◽  
The Relationship

Lime requirement curves based on relative yield and pH data for 4 soil types were derived to estimate the amount of lime required to reach maximum yield for wheat, triticale, barley, and canola. Simple equations expressing lime requirement as a function of soil pH accounted for >90% of the variation in applied lime on 3 soil types (red brown earth, red podsolic, podsolised red earth). When aluminium and manganese (0.01 mol CaCl2/L extracted) were included in these equations, either individually or together, they did not improve the relationship significantly for these 3 sites; however, manganese significantly improved the predictability of lime for solodic soil. A comparison of this model with a laboratory-based model showed good correlation for 3 soils (red brown earth, red podsolic, podsolised red earth), but the laboratory method underestimated the field lime requirement of solodic soil.

Potassium reserves in British soils. I. The Rothamsted Classical Experiments

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Talibudeen ◽  
S. K. Dey
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Buffer Capacities ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThirty-four soils from the Rothamsted Experiments were exhaustively cropped with ryegrass in the glasshouse. The concentration and yield of potassium in ryegrass tops and the potassium intensity in the soil were measured every 4 weeks, after harvesting the grass.The change in K-intensity of soils, rich in potassium, with exhaustion differed from that of ‘poor’ soils. This change was related to the rate of change of the cumulative K-yield. The rate of change of soil K-intensity demarcated periods of intense and limited exhaustion and partial recovery of the soil during cropping.The cumulative K-yield of ryegrass was very significantly related to the K-intensity of the uncropped soil; the ‘16-week’ yield was slightly better related than the ‘60-week’ yield. For Park Grass soils, the relationship was improved by allowing for variations in soil pH.The K-intensity of all soils, with or without manuring, decreased to nearly 10-3 (M)½ in (AR)0 units after 16 weeks cropping, although large differences in K-yield persisted until much later.K-buffer capacity per unit clay content of the soil, measured by a laboratory method, was inversely related to the K-intensity of the uncropped soil. The K-buffer capacities of soils rich in potassium, measured in laboratory and glasshouse experiments, were significantly related, but were unrelated for ‘poor’ soils. The K-buffer capacity (laboratory method) of Rothamsted soils with different manurial treatments was only very approximately related to the cumulative K-yield.Less K was taken up from all Rothamsted soils given nitrogen fertilizer in the field and their K intensities were also smaller than the corresponding soils without ‘N’. Field liming of acid soils decreased their K-intensity and increased their K-buffer capacity, presumably because more potassium was removed by the field crop.A rapid method is suggested for measuring potassium intensities of soils.

scholarly journals 650 PB 022 DIFFERENT LETTUCE TYPES RESPOND SIMILARLY TO P FERTILIZATION

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 525g-526
Author(s):  
N.M. El-Hout ◽  
C.A. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
The Relationship

The production of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) types other than crisphead (i.e., leaf, boston, bibb, and romaine) has recently increased due to expanding consumer demand. Fertilizer P recommendations for these lettuce types are largely based on soil-test calibrations for the crisphead type only. However, biomass production and morphological traits of the different lettuce types vary. Four field experiments were conducted to compare the relative efficiencies of these lettuce types to P fertilization. All lettuce types showed large yield and quality responses to P. Because environmental conditions affected yield potential, P rates required for optimal yield varied by lettuce type within experiments. However, the P rates required for optimal yield were similar over all experiments. Furthermore, the relationship between relative yield and soil-test P across all seasons showed a similar soil-test P level was required for maximum yield of all lettuce types. The results of this study show that soil-test-based fertilizer recommendations for crisphead lettuce may be adequate for all lettuce types

Wheat grain-yield response to lime application: relationships with soil pH and aluminium in Western Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Anderson ◽  
Richard Bell
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Soil acidity, or more specifically aluminium (Al) toxicity, is a major soil limitation to growing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the south of Western Australia (SWA). Application of calcium carbonate (lime) is used to correct Al toxicity by increasing soil pH and decreasing soluble soil Al3+. Soil testing using a 0.01 m calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution can measure both soil pH (pHCaCl2) and soil Al (AlCaCl2) for recommending rates of lime application. This study aimed to determine which combination of soil pHCaCl2 or soil AlCaCl2 and sampling depth best explains the wheat grain-yield increase (response) when lime is applied. A database of 31 historical lime experiments was compiled with wheat as the indicator crop. Wheat response to lime application was presented as relative yield percentage (grain yield for the no-lime treatment divided by the highest grain yield achieved for lime treatments × 100). Soil sampling depths were 0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm and various combinations of these depths. For evidence that lime application had altered soil pHCaCl2, we selected the change in the lowest pHCaCl2 value of the three soil layers to a depth of 30 cm as a result of the highest lime application (ΔpHmin). When ΔpHmin <0.3, the lack of grain-yield response to lime suggested that insufficient lime had leached into the 10–30 cm soil layer to remove the soil Al limitation for these observations. Also, under high fallow-season rainfall (228 and 320 mm) and low growing-season rainfall (GSR) (<140 mm), relative yield was lower for the measured level of soil AlCaCl2 than in the other observations. Hence, after excluding observations with ΔpHmin <0.3 or GSR <140 mm (n = 19), soil AlCaCl2 provided a better definition of the relationship between soil test and wheat response (r2 range 0.48–0.74) than did soil pHCaCl2 (highest r2 0.38). The critical value (defined at relative yield = 90%) ranged from 2.5 mg Al kg–1 (for soil Al calculated according to root distribution by depth within the 0–30 cm layer) to 4.5 mg Al kg–1 (calculated from the highest AlCaCl2 value from the three soil layers to 30 cm depth). We conclude that 0.01 m CaCl2 extractable Al in the 0–30 cm layer will give the more accurate definition of the relationship between soil test and wheat response in SWA.

scholarly journals Assessment of competition and yield advantage in addition series of barley variety mixtures

1991 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari Jokinen
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Dominance Order ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Relative Yield Total ◽  
Variety Mixtures ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

In an addition series experiment the competition between three barley varieties (Agneta, Arra and Porno) and the yield performance of mixtures were evaluated. Also two levels of nitrogen fertilization (50 and 100 kgN/ha) were applied. Two approaches (the replacement series and the linear regression equation) were used to analyse the competitive relationship based on grain yields in two-component mixtures. In three component mixtures the replacement series approach was applied. Both methods showed a similar dominance order of the varieties with Arra always being dominant and Agneta subordinate. The relationship between varieties was independent of the number of varieties in the mixture. Increase in available nitrogen strengthened the competitiveness of Arra especially in the dense, two-variety mixtures. Some mixtures over yielded but the differences were not statistically significant. The yield advantage based on relative yield total or on the ratio of actual and expected yield was greatest when the density and nitrogen fertilization were low and especially when one component in the mixture was a rather low yielding variety (Agneta). The land equivalent ratios (LER) (the reference pure culture yield was the maximum yield of each variety) were close to one, suggesting that under optimal growing conditions the yield advantage of barley varietal mixtures is marginal.

Field amelioration of acidic soils in south-east Queensland. III. Relationships of maize yield response to lime and unamended soil properties

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Moody ◽  
T. Dickson ◽  
R. L. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Lime Treatment ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Solution Ph

Maize (Zea mays) grain yield responses to rates of lime were measured at 19 sites onseveral soil types in south-east Queensland. At some sites, one rate of gypsum or phosphogypsum was also applied. Relative grain yield (100 mean yield of nil lime treatment/maximum yield) was correlated with each of soil pH (1 : 5 water and 1 : 5 0·01 M CaCl2), soil solution pH, exchangeable (1 M KCl) Al, exchangeable (1 M NH4Cl) Ca, Al saturation of the effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC), Ca saturation of the ECEC, and 0·01 M CaCl2 extractable Mn and Al. Across all soil types, Mitscherlich fits indicated that most of the variation in relative grain yield was accounted for by either Ca saturation (R2 = 0·62) or soil solution pH (R2 = 0·61), although soil pH(water) (R2 =0·53), Al saturation (R2 = 0·46), exchangeable Ca (R2 = 0·42), soil pH(CaCl2) (R2 = 0·40), and CaCl2-extractable Mn (R2 = 0·33) also accounted for significant (P < 0·05) amounts of variation. These results demonstrate that one or both of Al and Mn toxicities were having an impact on yieldat different sites. The contrast between the lack of responses to gypsum/phosphogypsum at mostlime responsive sites and the observation that Ca saturation was well correlated with relative grainyield suggested an ameliorating effect of Ca on Al toxicity. This effect was captured by an index,Al saturation/Ca saturation, which was well correlated with relative grain yield (R2 = 0·66 for a Mitscherlich fit). A step-up regression approach indicated that most variation in relative grain yield (RY) could beaccounted for by the following equation: The assessment of factors likely to limit yield on strongly acidic soils of the region will therefore needto include indices of Al and Mn toxicities as well as Ca status. Soil pH integrated the effects of these factors on yield, and as a single index, was shown to bean effective diagnostic tool. Relative grain yields of 90% were associated with pH values in the soil solution, 1 : 5 water and 1 : 5 0·01 M CaCl2 of 4·5, 5·2, and 4·4, respectively.

Examining the Kinships System of the Bodo

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Dr. Oinam Ranjit Singh ◽  
Dr. Nushar Bargayary
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Kinship System ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

The Bodo of the North Eastern region of India have their own kinship system to maintain social relationship since ancient periods. Kinship is the expression of social relationship. Kinship may be defined as connection or relationships between persons based on marriage or blood. In each and every society of the world, social relationship is considered to be the more important than the biological bond. The relationship is not socially recognized, it fall outside the realm of kinship. Since kinship is considered as universal, it plays a vital role in the socialization of individuals and the maintenance of social cohesion of the group. Thus, kinship is considered to be the study of the sum total of these relations. The kinship of the Bodo is bilateral. The kin related through the father is known as Bahagi in Bodo whereas the kin to the mother is called Kurma. The nature of social relationships, the kinship terms, kinship behaviours and prescriptive and proscriptive rules are the important themes of the present study.

LACTOSE-FERMENTING BACTERIA FROM THE INTESTINAL CONTENTS OF MARINE FISH

1933 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORMAN E. GIBBONS
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Fermenting Bacteria ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Contaminated Waters

From 112 marine fishes examined for the presence of lactose-fermenting bacteria, 31 strains were isolated which produced acid and gas in this sugar and 3 which produced acid only.Ten strains belonged to the genus Aerobacter, 8 being Aer. aerogenes and 2 probably varieties of Aer. cloacae. Nine were soil types and the relationship of one was doubtful.Of 24 Escherichia types, 8 were faecal mammalian strains and one was doubtful. These belonged to the species Esch. coli, Esch. communior, Esch. grünthali and Bact. immobilis. One was found in a haddock taken 3 miles offshore; the others were found in fish taken in contaminated waters or near shore.Esch. coli, Esch. communior and Aer. aerogenes are not normal inhabitants of the intestinal tracts of marine fish.

scholarly journals Fractionation of Heavy Metals in Multi-Contaminated Soil Treated with Biochar Using the Sequential Extraction Procedure

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Mahrous Awad ◽  
Zhongzhen Liu ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Eldessoky S. Dessoky ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Sequential Fractionation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Heavy metals (HMs) toxicity represents a global problem depending on the soil environment’s geochemical forms. Biochar addition safely reduces HMs mobile forms, thus, reducing their toxicity to plants. While several studies have shown that biochar could significantly stabilize HMs in contaminated soils, the study of the relationship of soil properties to potential mechanisms still needs further clarification; hence the importance of assessing a naturally contaminated soil amended, in this case with Paulownia biochar (PB) and Bamboo biochar (BB) to fractionate Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu using short sequential fractionation plans. The relationship of soil pH and organic matter and its effect on the redistribution of these metals were estimated. The results indicated that the acid-soluble metals decreased while the fraction bound to organic matter increased compared to untreated pots. The increase in the organic matter metal-bound was mostly at the expense of the decrease in the acid extractable and Fe/Mn bound ones. The highest application of PB increased the organically bound fraction of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu (62, 61, 34, and 61%, respectively), while the BB increased them (61, 49, 42, and 22%, respectively) over the control. Meanwhile, Fe/Mn oxides bound represents the large portion associated with zinc and copper. Concerning soil organic matter (SOM) and soil pH, as potential tools to reduce the risk of the target metals, a significant positive correlation was observed with acid-soluble extractable metal, while a negative correlation was obtained with organic matter-bound metal. The principal component analysis (PCA) shows that the total variance represents 89.7% for the TCPL-extractable and HMs forms and their relation to pH and SOM, which confirms the positive effect of the pH and SOM under PB and BB treatments on reducing the risk of the studied metals. The mobility and bioavailability of these metals and their geochemical forms widely varied according to pH, soil organic matter, biochar types, and application rates. As an environmentally friendly and economical material, biochar emphasizes its importance as a tool that makes the soil more suitable for safe cultivation in the short term and its long-term sustainability. This study proves that it reduces the mobility of HMs, their environmental risks and contributes to food safety. It also confirms that performing more controlled experiments, such as a pot, is a disciplined and effective way to assess the suitability of different types of biochar as soil modifications to restore HMs contaminated soil via controlling the mobilization of these minerals.

scholarly journals Soil Nutrient and Vegetation Diversity Patterns of Alpine Wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6221
Author(s):  
Muyuan Ma ◽  
Yaojun Zhu ◽  
Yuanyun Wei ◽  
Nana Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Vegetation Biomass ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
The Relationship

To predict the consequences of environmental change on the biodiversity of alpine wetlands, it is necessary to understand the relationship between soil properties and vegetation biodiversity. In this study, we investigated spatial patterns of aboveground vegetation biomass, cover, species diversity, and their relationships with soil properties in the alpine wetlands of the Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Furthermore, the relative contribution of soil properties to vegetation biomass, cover, and species diversity were compared using principal component analysis and multiple regression analysis. Generally, the relationship between plant biomass, coverage, diversity, and soil nutrients was linear or unimodal. Soil pH, bulk density and organic carbon were also significantly correlated to plant diversity. The soil attributes differed in their relative contribution to changes in plant productivity and diversity. pH had the highest contribution to vegetation biomass and species richness, while total nitrogen was the highest contributor to vegetation cover and nitrogen–phosphorus ratio (N:P) was the highest contributor to diversity. Both vegetation productivity and diversity were closely related to soil properties, and soil pH and the N:P ratio play particularly important roles in wetland vegetation biomass, cover, and diversity.

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