Time of joining affects the performance of young Angus and Angus multiply Friesian cattle in the south-west of Western Australia. 2. Calf productivity and its relationship with milk production and reproduction in first-calvers

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
GJ Sawyer ◽  
J Milligan ◽  
DJ Barker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Partial Regression Coefficient ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Beef Herds ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Friesian Cattle

In a 3-year study using 183 Angus and 173 Angus x Friesian first-calf heifers, calf birth weight, growth, and efficiency of production were measured for 3 calving times: April (conventional), March (4 weeks earlier), and May (4 weeks later). Measurements included calving outcome; calf birth weights and weight gains; and liveweight, condition, milk yield, and reproductive performance of first-calving dams. Calves born to Angus or Angus x Friesian dams in March or May, respectively, were 1.2 or 1.5 kg heavier at birth than those born in April and were associated with more protracted, difficult calvings and calf losses. Heavier dams gave birth to heavier calves (partial regression coefficient 0.028; value almost doubled for later born calves). Calves born early grew more slowly (by 0.1 kg/day) than calves born at, or later than, the onset of pasture growth (April). The effect was present until weaning but was especially marked at 50-150 days of age. During this period milk production of the dam and available pasture influenced calf growth. Hence, calves from Angus x Friesian dams grew faster (by 0.12 kg/day) than calves from Angus dams until 150 days of age. Thereafter, the difference in growth rate was halved. There was a positive relationship between both liveweight and condition of the 2 breeds of dam at the start of second joining and the growth rate of their calves up to 100 days of age (faster by 0.02 kg/day for every 10 kg dam liveweight). Angus x Friesian dams produced more milk (by about 2.0 kg/day) than Angus dams, resulting in faster growth (by 0.07-0.1 kg/day) of crossbred calves and an advantage of 27.1 kg over Angus calves at weaning. Calf growth and milk yield of dam were significantly associated at 51-200 days for crossbreds and at 51-100 days for Angus. The better milking ability of the crossbred dams did not fully offset the poorer growth made by calves born early. Few calves were suitable for slaughter as weaners for the domestic market. Later born calves grew fastest, but the reduced second conception rates of their dams in restricted joining periods and the lower age of calves at weaning adversely affected total calf productivity following later calving. Similarly, early-born calves grew more slowly and incurred extra production costs through supplementary feeding of their dams with no advantage demonstrated in the fertility of these first-calvers. Varying the time of calving of first-calf heifers from that of the main herd calving around the break of season is not recommended for beef herds relying mainly on seasonal nutrition from pastures.

MILK YIELD AND COMPOSITION IN BEEF COWS AND THEIR EFFECT ON COW AND CALF PERFORMANCE IN TWO ENVIRONMENTS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Stage Of Lactation

Relationships of milk yield and composition of 10 specific F1 crosses of beef cows with preweaning growth of their calves and with changes in the weight and subcutaneous fatness of the cows during lactation were examined over 2 yr for a population of 120 cow-calf pairs each year at two climatically distinct locations. The crosses were represented by the Hereford × Angus (HA) and nine crosses produced by mating Charolais (C), Simmental (S), and Limousin (L) sires to cows of Hereford (H), Angus (A), and Shorthorn (N) breeding. Environmental differences were provided by two climatically distinct locations (Brandon, Manitoba; Manyberries, Alberta) with two treatments (drylot confinement, T1; pasture, T2) imposed at each location. Milk was measured at 8-wk intervals commencing 1 June and terminating 1 October (weaning). Cow weight and fat at calving were positively associated (P < 0.0001) at both locations. Weight of the cow at calving was positively associated with average milk yield and calf growth rate at Manyberries (P < 0.0001), but at Brandon the association was positive but not significant (P > 0.05). Weight of cow at calving was positively associated with calf birth weight at Manyberries (P < 0.02). Calf preweaning growth rate was directly related to birth weight (P < 0.009). Calf sex had the expected effect on calf growth rate throughout lactation (M > F) but milk yield of the cow was not influenced by the sex of calf reared. Percentages of the milk constituents (butterfat (BF), solids-not-fat (SNF), protein (PT), declined as milk yield increased but the reduction was significant only for PT (P < 0.0005). Changes in cow weight and subcutaneous fat cover during lactation were inversely related with milk yield, the reductions in weight being significant (P < 0.008) at both locations and the loss of subcutaneous fat cover significant (P < 0.0001) only at Manyberries. Calf growth rate increased as milk yield increased with the largest regression coefficients at each stage of lactation provided by the estimate of average milk production for the complete lactation; however, this difference was not significant (P > 0.05). The statistical model with the covariate average milk production accounted for approximately 58% of the variance for calf gain during the lactation period. The covariate alone contributed 36% of this total R2 value at Brandon and 48% at Manyberries. Simmental cross cows produced the fastest growing calves while HA and L cross cows produced the slowest growing calves at both locations. The highest milk yields were recorded for the S cross cows at both locations while HA cows were lowest at Brandon and LH the lowest at Manyberries. At both locations, the SN cows recorded the lowest values for % BF and % SNF, and the SA cows recorded the highest values for % PT. For % BF and % SNF, the HA cows were the highest at Brandon while at Manyberries, the LH cows recorded the highest values. Average milk yield (AMY) was the best milk production variable explaining variance associated with calf growth. The R2 values were higher at Manyberries than Brandon and the R2 values decreased as the lactation season progressed. The addition of any of the milk constituent variables added little to the R2 values for AMY. Key words: Milk yield, milk composition, calf growth, cow weight change, cow subcutaneous fat change

Studies on the production of beef from zebu cattle in East Africa II. Milk production in suckled cows and its effect on calf growth

1960 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lampkin ◽  
G. H. Lampkin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Selection For

1. The estimation of milk yield in a herd of suckled zebu cattle has been described.2. Milk yield was found to be relatively stable when compared with weight at calving and subsequent live-weight change.3. Under constant conditions, there was a negative correlation between milk yield and live-weight change in the cows, compared with a positive correlation when both characters were affected by seasonal changes.4. Variation in milk yield was reflected in the growth rate of the calves, but considerably greater quantities of milk were required to increase growth without the aid of extra grass.5. It was concluded that, under the present conditions, calf growth rate could be increased more efficiently by the improvement of nutrition than by selection for high milk yield in the dams.

scholarly journals Features of body weight growth in meat breeds heifers

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Oseredchuk ◽  
N. P. Babik ◽  
V. V. Fedorovych ◽  
E. I. Fedorovych ◽  
V. R. Dutka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tension Increase ◽  
Better Than

The data on the dynamics of body weight changes, absolute and average daily gains, frequency rate of increase in body weight, relative growth rate and intensity of body weight growth of Limousine and Volyn Meat breeds heifers. Both studied breeds characterized by different body weight at different age periods. Newborn Limousine breed heifers are weighed 2,7 kg more (P < 0.05) than Volyn Meat breed heifers; at 3 months age the difference was 8.5 kg (P < 0.05) at 6 months – 14.6 kg, at 9 month – 20.8 kg (P < 0.05), at 12 months – 25,6 kg (P < 0.05), at 15–months – 31.9 (P<0,05), and at 18 months – 23.5 kg. Total and average daily gains in animals of both breeds were the highest for a period of 3 to 6 months of age. In the period from birth to 15 months of age preference for average daily gains were in Limousine, however, the difference was statistically significant only for the period of 0 – 3 months and amounted to 63,9 g (P < 0,05). From 15 to 18 months of age Limousine slightly conceded to Volyn Meat breeds on this parameter. In animals of both breeds magnification of body weight increased with age, but over the entire period (from birth to 18 months) this parameter in Volyn Meat heifers was 0.6 times better than Limousine heifers. The coefficients of relative intensity and tension increase of body weight in animals of both breeds were highest in the period from birth to 3 months of age. With age, these indicators declined. Mainly, the advantage was in Volyn meat breed heifers, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Relationships among udder type traits and milk yield of Iranian Holstein-Friesian cattle

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
M. R. Sanjabi ◽  
M. G. Govindaiah ◽  
M. M. Moeini
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
High Production ◽  
Friesian Cattle

Correlation among type traits and with milk production has been investigated by Brotherstone (1994) and Misztal et al (1992). One of the primary reasons for collecting and utilizing information on type traits is to aid breeders in selecting profitable functional cows for high production and suitable herd life. The objectives of this study were to estimate phenotypic and genetic correlations among milk production and with udder traits.

Milk yield responses by dairy cows in mid-lactation to changes in feeding levels

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The reduction in milk production following a decrease in feeding level was compared with the increase in milk following an increase in feeding level of cows. Forty cows in their 5th month of lactation were allocated to 2 groups and offered either ad libitum pasture or restricted in their grazing so that, after 32 days, the difference in daily milk yield between the groups averaged 3 L/cow. Cows in each group were then offered cut pasture in stalls for 4 weeks to obtain mean daily intakes of either 14.4 or 10.2 kg DM/ cow The reduction in yield of milk energy (0.133 MJ/MJ metabolisable energy intake) following the decrease of intake from 14.4 to 10.2 kg DM/cow.day was similar to the increase in yield of milk energy (0.140 MJ/MJ metabolisable energy intake) following an increase in intake from 10.2 to 14.4 kg DM/cow.day. We conclude that, for cows in mid-lactation, the decrease in milk production following a decrease in feeding level is similar to the increase in milk production following an increase in feeding level. This implies that increases in milk production due to increased feeding can be predicted from experiments which measured reductions in milk production.

ESTIMATES OF CREEP FEED REQUIREMENTS OF NURSING CALVES AND THE TOTAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF BOTH COW AND CALF TO PRODUCE THE WEANED CALF

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. PARKINS ◽  
C. A. MORRIS ◽  
J. W. WILTON
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Cumulative Energy ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Creep Feed

Metabolizable energy and net energy systems were used to calculate creep feed requirements of nursing beef calves. These methods allow estimation of cumulative energy requirements for creep feed of growing calves for any combination of birth weight, rate of weight gain, energy concentration of the diet and level of milk production of the dam. Creep feed requirements estimated by these methods are in reasonable agreement with experimental findings. As examples, the methods were used to calculate creep feed energy requirements and total energy requirements of cows and calves in two situations: (a) combinations of three levels of milk production and three cow sizes where calf growth rate is proportional to cow weight and (b) combination of three levels of milk production and calf growth rates where growth rates are assumed independent of cow size. In the latter situation, the extra energy required for a unit change in output increased with increased liveweight gain, but decreased with increased milk production. Overall biological efficiencies to weaning were also compared (including the annual energy requirements of the cow and the calf in relation to the weight of calf produced at weaning). Generally, for straightbreeding, larger cows of low milk yield were estimated to be more biologically efficient to weaning than smaller cows of high milk yield. When large bulls are mated to smaller cows (giving crossbred calves) those cows with faster growing calves and lower milk yields are biologically more efficient. However, these findings may not coincide with findings for economic efficiency.

scholarly journals Reproductive ability and milk productivity of cows depending on breeding value of their progenitors

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (74) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
L. V. Ferenz
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

The influence of bullock`s different breeding value for reproductive ability and milk production of their  daughters were investigated. Established that the age of first productive insemination of heifers Ukrainian black spotted milk breed, was 17.5–18.6 months and age of first calving – 26.6–27.8 months. Heifers` live weight at the first insemination was 361.4–407.1 kg. During first lactation the highest productivity had daughters from parents with breeding value by milk yield more than 801 kg. In the first lactation wasn’t found significant difference in duration service-period and interparturition-period for cows derived from progenitors with different breeding value. In the second lactation best indexes in duration service-period and interparturition-period for cows derived from progenitors with breeding value by milk yield 601–800 kg and more than 801 kg. In the third, the highest lactation, these indexes were best for cows derived from progenitors with breeding value by milk yield 601–800 kg. The difference in milk yield during first lactation between heifers received from progenitors with breeding value by milk yield less than 200 kg and heifers from bullock`s  with breeding value 401–600 kg was 292 kg. The difference in milk yield between heifers received from progenitors with breeding value by milk yield less than 200 kg and heifers from bullock`s  with breeding value  with breeding value 601–800 kg  was 660.3 kg. The difference in milk yield between heifers received from progenitors with breeding value by milk yield less than 200 kg and heifers from bullock`s  with breeding value more than 801 kg was  920.8 kg In the second lactation this difference was 589.8 (Р < 0.001), 841.5 (Р < 0.001) і 894.4 (Р < 0.001) kg of milk, in the third, the highest lactation – 754.5 (Р < 0.001), 951.8 (Р < 0.001) і 1335.7 кг (Р < 0.001).

Lactational characteristics of imported British Friesian cattle in Western Nigeria

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Adeneye ◽  
Adetowun K. Adebanjo
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Small Peak ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Lifetime Number ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Friesian Cattle ◽  
Daily Milk

SummaryDuring the period 1962–73, the majority of the 92 lactations of imported British Friesian animals were initiated during the dry season (October–March). The following average values were obtained: lifetime number of lactations, 4·5; lifetime milk production, 9392 kg; age at producing first live calf, 39·6 months; milk yield of nine lactations, 2159 kg; lactation length, 336·5 days; daily milk yield, 6·3 kg; 305-day milk yield, 2012 kg; dry period, 173 days.Milk production was highest in the fourth lactation when the animals averaged 7 years old. Differences in milk yield among lactations were small. Peak daily milk yield was greatest in the third lactation and was reached within the first 21 days of each of the first four lactations. A second but lower peak with the highest milk production persistencies at a later stage of lactation apparently depended on feed availability. The 305-day milk yield was reasonably predicted from the 100- and 200-day yields.Lactations subsequent to abortions and stillbirths were slightly longer, gave less milk (P > 0·05) and were followed by longer dry periods than those initiated by normal births.

THE EFFECTS OF DAYS DRY AND DAYS OPEN ON THE MILK AND BUTTERFAT PRODUCTION OF HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CATTLE

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Wilton ◽  
E. B. Burnside ◽  
J. C. Rennie
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Days Open ◽  
Friesian Cattle ◽  
Selection Of

The effect of days dry and days open on first, second and later lactation production was examined by intra-sire-herd-season regression. Neither variation in days dry nor days open accounted for more than 1% of the within-sire variance in fat test. Variation in preceding days dry accounted for 4.8% of the within-sire variance in milk production in second lactations but only 0.6% of the variance in later lactations. Differences in days open accounted for 4.5, 3.5, and 4.5% of the intra-sire variance in milk production in first, second, and later lactations, respectively. The effects of days dry and days open on fat production were, in all cases, slightly less than the effects on milk production. Heritabilities for both traits were low, indicating that the effects of both days dry and days open on production were largely of an environmental nature. Adjustment of milk yield for the number of days cows are open could lead to more accurate selection of dairy animals.

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