Plant population studies on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in subtropical Australia. 2. Water-limited conditions

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Wright ◽  
MJ Bell
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Plant Population Density

The effects of plant population density on total dry matter (TDM) production, and on pod and kernel yields, of 2 peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars (Virginia and Spanish) were investigated under a range of contrasting soil water availability regimes. Protracted crop water deficits were applied to each plant population density treatment in 3 experiments: (i) from planting until the early pod-filling phase (DSWF, dry start, wet finish); (ii) during the pod-filling to maturity phase (WSDF, wet start, dry finish); (iii) from flowering to maturity (TS, terminal stress). Crop water deficits of varying timing and severity were shown to modify substantially the effect of plant population on yield response compared with that observed under well-watered conditions. In most cases, TDM was maximised at the lowest density (40000 Plants/ha). In the WSDF and DSWF experiments, significant cultivar x plant population interactions for pod yield were found. The Spanish cultivar, McCubbin, showed strong pod yield response to S30000 plants/ha, while the Virginia cultivar, Early Bunch, did not respond to increases in plant population above 40000 plants/ha. These differing responses were probably associated with cultivar differences in branching pattern. Under extreme water stress situations where crops were forced to rely solely on soil water reserves (TS), pod yields were highest at the lowest plant population density and declined rapidly as plant population increased. The Gardner and Gardner (1983) model provided a useful framework to characterise the plant population-pod yield response under reduced water availability. The assumptions that both partitioning of dry matter to pods and the hypothetical minimum plant size capable of producing pods were crop constants, irrespective of crop water deficits experienced, were shown to be invalid. These constants may, however, be linearly related to water availability. Relationships relating these parameters to an index of crop or soil water status may improve the predictive capability of the model under water-limited conditions.

Plant population studies on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in subtropical Australia. 3. Growth and water use during a terminal drought stress

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Wright ◽  
MJ Bell
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress

Two peanut cultivars of different botanical type (Virginia and Spanish) were grown at 3 plant population densities (40000, 120000 and 240000 plants/ha) and relied solely on stored soil water in a deep kraznozem soil for water requirements. Protracted crop water deficits occurred from flowering to maturity. Plant population influenced both the temporal and spatial patterns of water use, with high density crops extracting water from lower depths sooner than low density crops. Higher water use prior to early podfilling in high density crops was associated with more rapid leaf area development. Reproductive development was strongly influenced by plant population density, with more pods per m2 in low than in high density crops. Lower leaf water potential and individual leaf photosynthetic rates in the middle of the day during the pegging and early podding phase suggested that high crop water deficits had lowered assimilate availability and reduced reproductive potential in high, compared with low, density crops. The results indicate that there is scope for increasing pod yield when peanut is growing solely on stored water, by reducing plant population. The timing of water use, as distinct from the amount of water used, was the major determinant of pod yield.

Sorghum-pigeonpea intercropping and the effects of plant population density

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Natarajan ◽  
R. W. Willey
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Plant Population Density ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients

SummaryThe use of growth resources is examined in an intercropping combination of early sorghum (82 days) and later-maturing pigeonpea (173 days) in a row arrangement of 2 sorghum: 1 pigeonpea.Prior to sorghum harvest, light interception by the intercrop combination was almost as high as sole sorghum. After sorghum harvest, light interception by the remaining pigeonpea was very poor and it is suggested that pigeonpea yield could be increased with higher plant population density and better plant distribution. Soil water measurements indicated that this would increase the amount of water being transpired through the crop but would not increase the total evapotranspiration demand. Higher nutrient concentrations in the intercrop pigeonpea compared with sole pigeonpea during this post-sorghum period suggested that yield of intercrop pigeonpea was not limited by nutrient stress, though the total uptake of nutrients by both crops was much greater from intercropping than sole cropping.

Physiological analysis of peanut cultivar response to timing and duration of drought stress

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Wright ◽  
KT Hubick ◽  
GD Farquhar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Pod Growth

Pod yield response of two spanish (McCubbin and Red Spanish) and two virginia (Virginia Bunch and Q18801) cultivars were compared under a range of irrigation treatments applied at different growth stages on a Xanthozem soil in a subtropical environment in south-east Queensland. Detailed growth and soil water use measurements were taken on a fully irrigated treatment and a treatment which received no rainfall after 83 days after planting (DAP). Soil water deficits occurring during the flowering to the start of pod growth phase (R/I) significantly reduced pod yields (range, 17-25%) relative to the well-watered control plots (I/I) for all cultivars. Where crops were irrigated until 83 DAP, then crop water deficits occurred throughout the pod growth phase (I/R), a significant cultivar by irrigation treatment interaction was observed for pod yield. The greatest reduction in yield occurred when severe stress occurred during the pod filling phase (Sh). Significant cultivar variation in pod yield was apparent. Differences in pod yield within this treatment were analysed in terms of a simple framework where pod yield is a function of transpired water (T), transpiration efficiency (TE) and harvest index ( H ) . Estimates of TE derived from measurements of carbon isotope discrimination in leaves indicated only small variation in TE, and suggest this trait contributed little to pod yield variation in the cultivars used in this experiment. Variation in pod yield among the four cultivars was largely a result of differences in harvest index characteristics.

Response of four grain legumes to water stress in south-eastern Queensland. IV. Interaction with sowing arrangement

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 661 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Lawn
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Water Use ◽  
South Eastern

The effect of spatial arrangement and population density on growth, dry matter production, yield and water use of black gram (Vigna mungo cv. Regur), green gram (V. radiata cv. Berken), cowpea (V. unguiculata CPI 28215) and soybean (Glycine rnax CP126671), under irrigated, rain-fed fallowed and rain-fed double-cropped culture was evaluated at Dalby in south-eastern Queensland. Equidistant spacings increased initial rates of leaf area index (LAI) development and crop water use compared with 1-m rows at the same population densities. In the irrigated and rain-fed fallowed treatments, where more water was available for crop growth, both seed yields and total crop water use were higher in the equidistant spacings. However, in the double-cropped treatment, where water availability was limited, there was no yield difference between rows and equidistant spacings, primarily because initially faster growth in the latter was offset by more severe water stress later in the season. Higher population density also increased initial crop growth rate and water use, particularly in the equidistant spacings. However, there was no significant yield response to density, presumably because subsequent competition for light/ water offset initial effects on growth. Although absolute yield differences existed between legume cultivars within cultural treatments, there were no significant differential responses to either spatial arrangement or population density among these four cultivars.

Screening optimum population density in response to soil water availability in dryland wheat: From laboratory to field

2021 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
pp. 107147
Author(s):  
Sai-Yong Zhu ◽  
Zheng-Guo Cheng ◽  
Tao Tian ◽  
Dong-Shan Gong ◽  
Guang-Chao Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Optimum Population

Frost damage to winter wheat in the UK: the effect of plant population density

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M Whaley ◽  
E.J.M Kirby ◽  
J.H Spink ◽  
M.J Foulkes ◽  
D.L Sparkes
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Plant Population Density ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Effects of population density on cauliflower crop (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis)

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Keigo Minami ◽  
Ricardo Victoria Fº
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Plant Population Density ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L ◽  
Quality Weight

An experiment was carried out to study the effects of the following population densities cauliflowers (plants per ha): 20,833 (0.60 m x 0.80 m), 25,641 (0.60 m x 0.65 m), ....37.037 (0.60 m x 0.45 m) , 55.555 (.0.60 m x 0.30 m), and 111,111 (0,60 m x 0,15 m) ; variety Snow ball. It was concluded that the effects of plant population density are greater on curd quality (weight and size) than on production per ha. The best plant population density to produce cauliflowers curd for Brazil market is from 20,000 to 25,000 plants/ha while for mini-curd is above 55,000 plants/ha.

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