Effect of season and nutrition on scrotal circumference of Merino rams

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Murray ◽  
JB Rowe ◽  
DW Pethick
Keyword(s):  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Spring Equinox

In 3 experiments, groups of 5 Merino rams were individually fed a pelleted ration at maintenance (1 kg/day), with or without 750 g/day of lupin grain, and kept indoors under conditions of natural light and temperature. Measurements of scrotal circumference and liveweight were made during winter, spring-summer and autumn, for periods of 42-49 days. Ambient temperatures and daylengths were recorded. The season of the experiment affected the rate of change of scrotal circumference. Rams fed the maintenance diet showed a pattern of increasing scrotal circumference, starting in late spring after the spring equinox and reaching a maximum in autumn-early winter, then decreasing in mid-late winter after the winter equinox. Scrota1 circumference responded to increased nutrition under all daylength regimes and the magnitude of this response was influenced by the season.

scholarly journals Sex- and maturity-based differences in movement and migration patterns of grey nurse shark, Carcharias taurus, along the eastern coast of Australia

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 596 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Bansemer ◽  
M. B. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Early Summer ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Nurse Shark ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Photo Identification ◽  
Carcharias Taurus

Photo-identification techniques were used to investigate temporal and spatial distributions of Carcharias taurus (Rafinesque, 1810) in relation to maturity, sex and pregnancy status at 19 sites along Australia’s eastern coastline. Of 931 individual sharks identified between 2004 and 2008, 479 were female (271 mature, 208 immature) and 452 male (288 mature, 164 immature). Mature, non-gravid females and mature males were mostly observed in the southern to central parts of this species range, along the eastern coast of Australia, in early summer to early winter. These sharks subsequently moved northward, and mating occurred in late spring to early summer in waters off the coast of northern New South Wales and southern Queensland. Pregnant C. taurus aggregated at Wolf Rock in southern Queensland, at the most northerly part of their known range, from late summer to early winter. These sharks subsequently migrated south to pup in central and southern waters of their range in late winter to late spring. Immature sharks of both sexes moved less than mature sharks, showed no synchronised migration patterns, and were mostly restricted to central and southern waters. The improved understanding of sex- and maturity-based migration of C. taurus provided here should facilitate a conservation strategy appropriate for this species in Australian waters.

scholarly journals Influence of Northern Hemispheric Winter Warming on the Pacific Storm Track

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung-Ju Park ◽  
Kwang-Yul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Storm Track ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Eddy Heat Flux ◽  
Northern Hemispheric

AbstractEffect of global warming on the sub-seasonal variability of the Northern Hemispheric winter (NDJFM) Pacific storm-track (PST) activity has been investigated. Previous studies showed that the winter-averaged PST has shifted northward and intensified, which was explained in terms of energy exchange with the mean field. Effect of global warming exhibits spatio-temporal heterogeneity with predominance over the Arctic region and in the winter season. Therefore, seasonal averaging may hide important features on sub-seasonal scales. In this study, distinct sub-seasonal response in storm track activities to winter Northern Hemispheric warming is analyzed applying cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function analysis to ERA5 data. The key findings are as follows. Change in the PST is not uniform throughout the winter; the PST shifts northward in early winter (NDJ) and intensifies in late winter (FM). In early winter, the combined effect of weakened baroclinic process to the south of the climatological PST and weakened barotropic damping to the north is responsible for the northward shift. In late winter, both processes contribute to the amplification of the PST. Further, change in baroclinic energy conversion is quantitatively dominated by eddy heat flux, whereas axial tilting of eddies is primarily responsible for change in barotropic energy conversion. A close relationship between anomalous eddy heat flux and anomalous boundary heating, which is largely determined by surface turbulent heat flux, is also demonstrated.

scholarly journals Body Temperatures in Some Australian Mammals II.Peramelidae

1962 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 386 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Diurnal Temperature

Body temperature measurements on the short-nosed bandicoot (Thylacis obeaulus) have shown a nocturnal cycle with a range of 1� 2�C and a short active phase at 2200-0400 hr. The bilby or rabbit bandicoot (Macrotis lagoti8) had a sharply defined temperature cycle, with a range of almost 3�C after several months of captivity, during which the day-time resting temperature was progressively lowered from 36� 4 to 34� 2�C. Forced activity raised the diurnal temperature substantially but not to the nocturnal level. Forced activity did not raise the nocturnal level which was similar in the two species (37' O�C). Both species could regulate effectively at an ambient temperature of 5�C, but only Thylaci8 showed regulation at ambient temperatures of between 30 and 40�C.

scholarly journals Compost and soil moisture effects on seasonal carbon and nitrogen dynamics, greenhouse gas fluxes and global warming potential of semi-arid soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mavis Badu Brempong ◽  
Urszula Norton ◽  
Jay B. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Normal Soil ◽  
Soil Inorganic

Abstract Purpose An 8-week incubation study was conducted to monitor soil inorganic nitrogen (N), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), greenhouse gases (GHG) [CO2, N2O and CH4] and cumulative global warming potential (GWP) in dryland soil. Methods Soil was amended with variable rates of compost (zero, 15, 30 and 45 dry Mg ha−1) and soil moistures [5% (dry), 7% (normal) and 14% (wet) water filled pore space (WFPS)] and experienced biweekly temperature transitions from 5 °C (late winter) to 10 °C (early spring) to 15 °C (late spring) to 25 °C (early summer). Results The addition of 30 and 45 Mg ha−1 compost enhanced N mineralization with 13% more soil inorganic N (7.49 and 7.72 µg Ng−1 day−1, respectively) during early summer compared with lower compost rates. Normal and wet soils had 35% more DOC in the late spring (an average of 34 µg g−1 day−1) compared to the dry WFPS, but transitioning from late spring to early summer, DOC at all soil WFPS levels increased. Highest rates of compost were not significant sources of GHG with normal soil WFPS, compared with lower compost rates. Carbon dioxide emissions increased by 59 and 15%, respectively, as soil WFPS increased from dry to normal and normal to wet. Soils with normal WFPS were the most effective CH4 sink. Conclusion One-time application of high compost rates to dryland soils leads to enhanced N and C mineralization under normal soil moisture and warmer temperature of the summer but will not pose significant global warming dangers to the environment through GHG emissions since soils are rarely wet.

Moose selection of canopy cover types related to operative temperature, forage, and snow depth

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 3071-3077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis E. Schwab ◽  
Michael D. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Thermal Limit ◽  
Operative Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Selection Of

Simple linear and muliple regressions were used to determine the contribution of operative temperature (Te), forage, and snow depth to moose (Alces alces) selection of canopy cover types. The number of degree-hours for which Te exceeded the thermal limit at which panting is required to dissipate metabolic heat contributed significantly to selection during summer (1 June – 15 September) and late winter (16 January – 15 April). Forage explained canopy cover selection in early winter (16 November – 15 January) and contributed significantly to the best equation describing habitat selection during late winter. Snow depth contributed to habitat selection in early winter but was not related to habitat selection during late winter. During summer, moose generally selected against sites where Te exceeded 30 °C, the thermal limit requiring panting to dissipate metabolic heat. During late winter, moose also generally avoided canopy covers where Te commonly exceeded 8 °C, the temperature at which panting is required to dissipate heat. During early winter, moose apparently suffered minimal heat stress, as Te remained below 0 °C; consequently, moose selected canopy cover types that provided comparatively high forage availability.

Surfacing on Ice of Frozen-In Marine Bottom Materials

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1195-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Medcof ◽  
M. L. H. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediment ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Fast Ice

In late winter and early spring, benthic materials have been observed in patches (maximum size 400 m × 10 m) on the surface of thick fast ice. They parallel the shores of estuaries and are commonest in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. Materials in the patches are often in strikingly natural postures and include layers of bottom sediment and plants and animals (eelgrass, shellfish [infauna and epifauna] starfish, flounders, and sticklebacks). Apparently these are frozen to the lower surface of the ice in early winter at low tides, when ice comes in direct contact with them. When the tide rises, the ice floats and raises frozen-on materials with it. Thereafter, the floating ice is thickened by freezing of water to its lower surface, and the bottom materials are thus frozen in between two layers of ice. At the same time the ice above the frozen-in materials is thinned by ablation (sublimation and melting) at its upper surface. Eventually the benthic materials are exposed on the surface of the ice. Allied phenomena have been observed in the Bay of Fundy region. Antarctica is the only other place where this has been reported to occur regularly. These phenomena and conditions favoring their occurrence in the two areas are compared.

Rhizobial inoculant for iprodione-treated lupin seed: evaluation of an iprodine-resistant Rhizobium lupini

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Evans ◽  
GE O'Connor ◽  
G Griffith ◽  
J Howieson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Rhizobium Lupini ◽  
Commercial Inoculant

Lupin nodulation is reduced when seed of this legume is treated with commercial inoculant (Rhizobium lupini WU425) and the fungicide Rovral (a.i. iprodione). The number of WU425 colonising soil beneath lupin seedlings established without iprodione was greater than where iprodione was used. R. lupini CC606B has greater tolerance of iprodione than WU425; 85% of CC606B survived 15 min in iprodione (Rovral 16 g/L), compared with <1% survival of WU425. CC606B fixed as much nitrogen as WU425 on serradella grown in sand culture, but it nodulated lupin poorly in the field. It was shown that CC606B comprised bacteria that were either positive or negative for nodulation of serradella and lupin. Thus, an isolate of CC606B (CC606B/1), able to form nodules on lupin and serradella and also tolerant of iprodione (Rovral 16 g/L), was selected and compared with WU425 as inoculants of lupin, in field trials with and without iprodione seed treatment. In the treatments without the fungicide, CC606B/1, like its parent, failed to nodulate lupin as extensively as WU425. CC606B/1 was unable to colonise soil beneath lupin crops as well as WU425. With iprodione, nodulation by CC606B/1 was significantly worse than without the fungicide; so the tolerance level of CC606B/1 to iprodione was insufficient. With these treatments it was shown that nodule abundance in late winter was related to the abundance of rhizobia in the soil beneath lupin seedlings in early winter. When there were fewer nodules, less dry matter was produced; but grain yield was not affected by the reductions in nodulation and dry matter. The implications of these changes on N2 fixation and lupin effects on soil N are discussed. Other species and strains of Rhizobium varied in their ability to survive iprodione.

scholarly journals Thermal Regime of Ice Covered Swedish Lakes

1996 ◽  
Vol 27 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Bengtsson ◽  
Thorbjörn Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Heat Budget ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Early Winter

Temperature conditions and heat fluxes in ice covered lakes are discussed analyzing measurements in eight Swedish lakes. Heat fluxes from sediments and heat fluxes from water to ice are determined from temperature profiles. The contribution of solar radiation is estimated from heat-budget calculations. It is found that the heat content of most of the lakes changes very little when they are ice covered, but that the lake-water temperature slightly increases. All heat fluxes are small. The heat flux from the sediments is the highest flux in early winter, but is later in the winter balanced by the heat loss from the water to the underside of the ice. Solar radiation is an important heat source in late winter, when the snow cover is thin.

Life cycles of four species of Pseudocalanus in Nova Scotia

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. McLaren ◽  
Estelle Laberge ◽  
C. J. Corkett ◽  
J.-M. Sévigny
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Scotian Shelf

The primarily arctic Pseudocalanus acuspes, relict in Bedford Basin, Nova Scotia, produces a first generation (G1) in late winter; most G1 individuals mature in late spring. The G1 then produces a G2, most of which "rest" in copepodite stages III and IV until early winter. These stages store large amounts of lipid in early summer, which slowly diminish subsequently. A small number of G2 individuals continue to develop at temperature-dependent rates, maturing in early autumn and producing G3 adults in November. Copepodites developing in winter and spring store less lipid. The primarily arctic Pseudocalanus minutus, rare in Bedford Basin and on the Scotia Shelf, is strictly annual, developing to a lipid-filled copepodite stage V after spawning in late winter. The arctic–temperate Pseudocalanus newmani is abundant on the Scotian Shelf, but may not be self-sustaining when advected into Bedford Basin. It stores little lipid and appears to have at least three mature generations at temperature-dependent intervals over Browns Bank between May and November. It may rest in winter, or its life-cycle synchrony by spring could result from food-limited development during winter. The temperate Pseudocalanus moultoni appears to have a life cycle similar to that of P. newmani, but was less common during summer on Browns Bank. These life cycles are appropriately adapted to the geographical ranges of the species, and show some parallels with species of Calanus.

Transition of the ENSO teleconnection to the Euro-Atlantic region from early to late winter: Role of the Indian Ocean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adnan Abid ◽  
Fred Kucharski ◽  
Franco Molteni ◽  
In-Sik Kang ◽  
Adrian Tompkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Tropical Indian Ocean ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Boreal Winter ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Atlantic Sector ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Circulation Anomalies

&lt;p&gt;El Ni&amp;#241;o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have a weak influence on the seasonal mean Euro-Atlantic circulation anomalies during the boreal winter (Dec-Feb) season. Therefore, monthly ENSO teleconnections to Euro-Atlantic region were studied during the boreal winter season for the period 1981-2015 using reanalysis and hindcast dataset. It is shown that the ENSO-forced signal to the Euro-Atlantic circulation anomalies does not persist throughout the boreal winter season. During earlier winter, a positive ENSO phase strongly enforces rainfall dipole anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean, with increased rainfall over the western tropical Indian Ocean, and reduced in the eastern tropical Indian ocean. &amp;#160;This Indian Ocean rainfall dipole weakens in late winter. During early winter, the Indian Ocean rainfall dipole modifies the subtropical South Asian jet (SAJET) which forces a wavenumber-3 response projecting spatially onto the positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) pattern. On contrary, during late winter, the response in the Euro-Atlantic sector is dominated by the well-known ENSO wavetrain from the tropical Pacific region, involving Pacific North American (PNA) pattern anomalies that project spatially on the negative phase of the NAO. Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) numerical experiments forced with an Indian Ocean heating dipole anomaly support the hypothesis that the Indian Ocean modulates the SAJET that enforces the Rossby wave propagation to the Euro-Atlantic region in early winter. Moreover, the ECMWF-SEAS5 hindcast dataset reproduces the observed ENSO-forced inter-basin tropical teleconnections transition from early to late winter and their response to the Euro-Atlantic circulation anomalies quite well. Therefore, it is important to understand the tropical inter-basin transition, which may lead to improve the sub-seasonal to seasonal variability and predictability of the Euro-Atlantic circulation anomalies.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

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