Survey of the incidence of whiteheads in wheat crops grown in northern New South Wales, 1976-1981

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
TA Klein ◽  
LW Burgess ◽  
FW Ellison
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Group 1 ◽  
Group 1

The incidence of whiteheads in wheat in the northern areas of the wheat belt in New South Wales was surveyed from 1976 to 1981. Whiteheads were associated with plants affected by crown rot and were common in wheat crops in the survey areas, although the incidence was low (<5%) in most crops. There was a high incidence of whiteheads (>5%) in a small number of crops in each year. The mean incidence of whiteheads was highest in 1977 and was generally higher in the western, lower rainfall areas than in the other areas each year. The predominant crown rot pathogen Fusarium graminearum Group 1 was isolated from 97% of 1450 stem bases collected from plants with whitehead symptoms. A fallow of 18 months was not always associated with a reduction in the incidence of whiteheads.

The incidence of crown rot in wheat, barley and triticale when sown on two dates

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
TA Klein ◽  
LW Burgess ◽  
FW Ellison
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Group 1 ◽  
Group 1

Thirteen bread wheat cultivars, a durum wheat, a barley and a triticale cultivar were assessed in the field for their reaction to crown rot (Fusarium graminearum Group 1), based on the incidence of basal browning. Plots were sown in May and again in July at 2 sites i n northern New South Wales where the incidence of crown rot was high in the previous year. The incidence of infected plants and the incidence of plants with basal browning tended to be higher in all cultivars when sown in May. There was a mean loss in potential yield at 1 site of 35% and 18% at the other site. However, the mean loss in potential yield was unaffected by sowing date.

Effect of prolonged undernutrition on the recovery and reproductive performance of maiden Merino ewes

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
P McInnes ◽  
TJ Grainger ◽  
MD Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
The Mean

Data are presented on the recovery and reproductive performance of 2 1/2-year-old maiden Merino ewes after a prolonged period of undernutrition. The 217 sheep had been hand-fed on a submaintenance ration in pen feeding trials at Glenfield, New South Wales. During the seven months of the trials they had lost 6 kg (28 to 22 kg) body weight. They were transported to Condobolin in south-western New South Wales, divided into two treatment groups and run on good quality pastures. One group was joined immediately (May 1959) and again ten months later, and the other group was mated after six months at Condobolin (in October 1959) and again 12 months later. The ewes recovered rapidly. The mean weight of both groups had reached 30 kg within six weeks and 40 kg within six months. In the first year 73 of the 100 May-mated ewes bore lambs, but only 38 of these lambs were weaned. Ewes bearing lambs had a higher body weight at the start of joining and gained more during joining than the barren ewes. At the other three joinings (October 1959, May 1960, October 1960) lambing percentage was from 86-89 and weaning percentage from 62-69-both normal for the district. The proportion of twin lambs (3-6 per cent) was low. Wool weight in 1959 was not affected by time of mating or by pregnancy.

Effect of rotation with barley and oats on crown rot of wheat in the northern wheat belt of New South Wales

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 765 ◽  
Author(s):  
KE Nelson ◽  
LW Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
New South ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Group 1 ◽  
Group 1

We investigated the incidence of Fusarium graminearum Group 1 (infection, stem colonisation) and crown rot in 3-year crop sequences of 1 or 2 years of barley, oats, or mown oats followed by wheat, compared with 3 years of wheat. Seed was sown into the stubble of the previous crop. Stubble production was estimated for each cereal treatment. Plants of each cereal were infected by the crown rot pathogen. Oats were susceptible to infection but did not express symptoms of crown rot in 2 years of the trial. Oats can, therefore, be considered a symptomless host that may contribute to the maintenance of inoculum. The overall mean incidence of infected plants increased from 12% in 1987 to 81% in 1989. The various treatments did not significantly reduce the incidence of infected wheat plants in November of the final year. The incidence of crown rot of wheat in 1989 was greatest after 2 prior wheat crops and lowest after 1 or 2 years of mown oats. The 3 species produced a similar amount of straw by weight; however, mown oats produced significantly less. Oat straw decomposed more rapidly than that of other cereals in controlled conditions.

Observations on the Reproduction and Age Structure of the Fox, Vulpes vulpes L., in New South Wales

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
GE Ryan
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
South Wales ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Major Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
June July

A total of 838 foxes were collected throughout New South Wales from 1969 to 1974. In every month of the year there were some males producing sperm but there was a major peak of activity during June, July and August. The major period of female reproductive activity commenced in July and reached a peak in August. There were indications that some females ovulated during February and March although no pregnancies were recorded outside June-October. At least 30 % of vixens suffered preplacentation loss of ova or blastocysts, but an accurate estimate was impossible because of an apparently high incidence of polyovuly. Resorption accounted for the loss of 8 % of embryos from 35 pregnant females. A mean litter size of 4.0 was calculated from pregnancies; the mean number of placental scars was 3.7; three deformed embryos were found. The proportion of juvenile animals in the sample decreased from January to the beginning of the breeding season. The weight of the eye-lens was unsuitable for differentiating between yearling and adult foxes in this type of sample.

The breeding behaviour of the endangered regent honeyeater, Xanthomyza phrygia, near Armidale, New South Wales

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon L. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Nest Construction ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Breeding Behaviour ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Breeding Seasons

The regent honeyea ter, Xanthomyza phrygia, is an endangered woodland bird whose range and population size have decreased in the last thirty years. Suggested reasons for this decline include abnormal breeding behaviour, poor reproductive output, and excessive inter- and intra-specific aggression. This study investigated the breeding behaviour and aggressive interactions of regent honeyeaters during the nest construction, incubation, nestling, and fledgling stages in two consecutive breeding seasons in the Bundarra–Barraba region near Armidale, New South Wales. The female was entirely responsible for nest construction and incubation, which is typical of many honeyeaters. Both parents fed the nestlings, and at a similar rate, although only the female brooded chicks on the nest. Both parents fed the fledglings. The mean frequency at which nestlings (23 times per hour) and fledglings (29 times per hour) were fed is the highest published rate of any non-cooperative honeyeater. Breeding males were involved in significantly more aggressive interactions with conspecifics and other nectarivores than were females, although the overall percentage of day-time spent in aggression for both sexes was low (2.5%). It appears that abnormal breeding behaviour, poor reproductive effort, or excessive aggression are not experienced by this species in northern New South Wales, and that other factors are likely to be responsible for its current low population level.

Characterisation of naturalised strains of Trifolium subterraneum var. brachycalycinum cv. Clare in northern New South Wales

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Median Number ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Floral Characters ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Burrs were collected from paddocks on 3 properties in northern New South Wales where the age of the Trifolium subterraneum var. brachycalycinum cv. Clare swards varied from 19 to 28 years. At 1 site burrs were also sampled from swards sown 2 and 10 years previously. Twenty seedlings from these burrs and 20 plants of certified cv. Clare were grown as spaced plants in a nursery. These were assessed for vegetative and floral characters, flowering time, number of seeds per burr, seed weight, and percentage hardseed after storage at 25/25�C for 6 months and 25/45�C for a further 6 months. For most plants the mean number of days from sowing to first flower was similar to that of Clare. Compared with the naturalised strains, Clare had the lowest (P<0.05) mean number of seeds per burr: about 25% below the mean of the strains (2.7 seeds per burr). While the lowest mean seed weights of the strains were not significantly different from those of Clare, the seed weights of plants from 3 sites were higher (P<0.05) than those of Clare. After storage for either 6 or 12 months, hardseed levels were also lowest (P<0.05) for Clare. Plants from the 2-year-old sward had the same median number of seeds per burr (2.0) as Clare. As sward age increased, the median number of seeds per burr increased to 2.8. Hardseed percentages were lowest for plants of Clare and for those from the 2-year-old sward after 6 months, and for Clare after 12 months. These studies indicated the presence of divergent strains in old swards of Clare in a summer rainfall environment. Natural selection among variability within Clare is the most likely reason for the development of these strains in an environment marginal for the long-term persistence of this softseeded cultivar. Although strains had the same vegetative and floral markings as Clare, differences in ecologically important characters such as number of seeds per burr, seed weight, and hardseededness may result in plants that are better adapted to the environment in which they evolved. From these studies 23 plants of T. subterraneum var. brachycalycinum were selected for further evaluation.

Resistance of some Australian inbred maize lines to maize dwarf mosaic disease

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (40) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
PW Grogan ◽  
DS Teakle
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Resistant Lines

Seven out of eight maize inbred lines developed at Lawes in Queensland from open-pollinated varieties were resistant to maize dwarf mosaic disease when exposed to natural infection in the field. Five of the seven resistant inbred lines failed to become systemically infected when inoculated with infectious sap in the glasshouse. By contrast, only three out of twenty lines introduced from the U.S.A., and two out of eight lines developed at the Grafton and Glen Innes Breeding Stations in New South Wales, were resistant in the field. All three resistant lines from the U.S.A. were systemically infected when inoculated in the glasshouse, but the two resistant lines from Grafton in New South Wales were not. The resistant Lawes and Grafton maize inbred lines would appear to be better sources of genes conferring resistance to maize dwarf mosaic disease than the other lines tested.

Merino ewe and lamb performance in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales following joining in March-April or June-July

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
HL Davies ◽  
E Devaud
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Group Number ◽  
Nutritional Advantage ◽  
June July ◽  
Group 1

A March-April joining of Merino ewes was compared with a June-July joining in central New South Wales at a low stocking rate on subterranean clover based pastures over 3 years. In all years, ewes joined in June were heavier (P < 0.05) than ewes joined in March (55 v. 52 kg). Liveweights at the start of lambing and liveweight change from joining to lambing were also high and favoured the later lambing group. The proportion of ewes lambing (97% March v. 93% June) and proportion of ewes twinning (29% March v. 20% June) were not significantly different between the 2 groups, but consistently favoured the March-April joining. Perinatal mortality was low (9.4% March v. 7.1% June) and not significantly different between the 2 groups, but was consistently lower in the June joined group. Number of lambs weaned per 100 ewes joined was also not significantly different, but was higher each year in the March joined group (1 13% March v. 105% June). The growth rate of the lambs (both singles [24% greater, 248 v. 200 g/day] and twins [37% greater, 2 13 v. 155 g/day]) was consistently in favour of March joined ewes. Mean greasy fleece weights of the ewes were not significantly different between the 2 groups, but were in favour of the late joined group (4.83 v. 4.50 kg). Time of joining significantly affected liveweights and greasy and clean fleece weights of the progeny at the shearing in the year following their birth in favour of March joining. These data suggest that, despite a nutritional advantage to the ewes in late pregnancy and milder weather at lambing with a June-July joining, a March- April joining is the preferred option on the Central Tablelands of New South Wales.

Survey of paddock size and stock water supplies in the Western Riverina District of New South Wales.

1978 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
VR Squires
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Temporary Waters ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Saline Waters ◽  
The Mean

In order to assess the current level of stock watering facilities on pastoral properties within the western Riverina district of New South Wales and to relate this information to paddock size and vegetation type, large of areas of land (785,000 ha) within the region were surveyed. Paddock boundaries and the location of watering points were plotted. Watering points were classified as to type. Three broad vegetation types were represented: chenopod shrublands (Atriplex and Maireana spp.) degraded grasslands (Stipal Danthonia spp.), and mallee woodlands (Eucalyptus socinlis F. Meull., E, oleosa, F. Meull.) Size of paddocks was related to the dominant vegetation type. On the degraded grasslands in the eastern part of the study area the mean paddock size was 746 ha; on the chenopod shrublands it was 780 ha, and in the Malleedominated areas it was 1,553 ha. The number of permanent watering points per paddock varied from one to four. Less than half the paddocks (43%) had fresh water available as well as saline waters from sub-artesian bores. Almost half the paddocks (47%) were so large, or the watering points so positioned, that the sheep would need to walk more than 3 km to reach the most remote parts of the paddock when temporary waters had dried up. Overall 18% of the land in the non- mallee areas was more than 3 km from permanent water. Therefore the majority of the land could be used in all seasons. Generally the central and northern Riverina district is adequately watered. It would be uneconomic to supply permanent water in the mallee woodlands. In some paddocks in the chenopod dominated area extra watering points may be justified.

The effects of grazing and season on the stability of Chloris Spp. (Windmill grasses) in natural pasture at Trangie, New South Wales.

1978 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Michalk ◽  
PK Herbert
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stocking Rates

A study of the density and basal diameter of Chloris acicularis Lindl. (syn. Enteropogon acicularis (LindlJLazar. - curly windmill grass) and C. truncata R. Br. (windmill grass) was made at two stocking rates over a period of eight years. The propor- tion of ground covered by these Chloris species varied widely with season, and to a lesser extent with grazing pressure. The density of both species increased in good seasons, while the mean diameter decreased because of the number of new seedlings. Although C. truncata seedlings were more numerous in good seasons, they did not survive as well as did C. acicularis seedlings during prolonged dry periods.

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