The incidence of crown rot in wheat, barley and triticale when sown on two dates

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
TA Klein ◽  
LW Burgess ◽  
FW Ellison
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Group 1 ◽  
Group 1

Thirteen bread wheat cultivars, a durum wheat, a barley and a triticale cultivar were assessed in the field for their reaction to crown rot (Fusarium graminearum Group 1), based on the incidence of basal browning. Plots were sown in May and again in July at 2 sites i n northern New South Wales where the incidence of crown rot was high in the previous year. The incidence of infected plants and the incidence of plants with basal browning tended to be higher in all cultivars when sown in May. There was a mean loss in potential yield at 1 site of 35% and 18% at the other site. However, the mean loss in potential yield was unaffected by sowing date.

Survey of the incidence of whiteheads in wheat crops grown in northern New South Wales, 1976-1981

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
TA Klein ◽  
LW Burgess ◽  
FW Ellison
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Group 1 ◽  
Group 1

The incidence of whiteheads in wheat in the northern areas of the wheat belt in New South Wales was surveyed from 1976 to 1981. Whiteheads were associated with plants affected by crown rot and were common in wheat crops in the survey areas, although the incidence was low (<5%) in most crops. There was a high incidence of whiteheads (>5%) in a small number of crops in each year. The mean incidence of whiteheads was highest in 1977 and was generally higher in the western, lower rainfall areas than in the other areas each year. The predominant crown rot pathogen Fusarium graminearum Group 1 was isolated from 97% of 1450 stem bases collected from plants with whitehead symptoms. A fallow of 18 months was not always associated with a reduction in the incidence of whiteheads.

The incidence and spatial patterns of wheat plants infected by Fusarium graminearum group 1 and the effect of crown rot on yield

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
TA Klein ◽  
LW Burgess ◽  
FW Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Random Pattern ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Bare Fallow ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Group 1 ◽  
Group 1

The incidence and spatial patterns of wheat plants infected by Fusarium graminearum Group 1 were assessed in six fields in northern New South Wales, Australia, over a four-year period. The incidence of infected plants declined from 1978 to 1981 in fields where wheat was sown each year, where there was a bare fallow of 18 months and where sunflowers were sown in one season. The pattern of infected plants tended to be regular (uniform) where the incidence of infected plants was particularly high (> 96%). In all fields where a clustered (aggregated) pattern was detected, 12% to 64.4% of plants were infected. A random pattern was observed at a number of sites. There was a positive association between loss in potential yield and the incidence of infection, basal browning of plants and whiteheads. Losses of up to 89% were recorded.

Effect of rotation with barley and oats on crown rot of wheat in the northern wheat belt of New South Wales

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 765 ◽  
Author(s):  
KE Nelson ◽  
LW Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
New South ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Group 1 ◽  
Group 1

We investigated the incidence of Fusarium graminearum Group 1 (infection, stem colonisation) and crown rot in 3-year crop sequences of 1 or 2 years of barley, oats, or mown oats followed by wheat, compared with 3 years of wheat. Seed was sown into the stubble of the previous crop. Stubble production was estimated for each cereal treatment. Plants of each cereal were infected by the crown rot pathogen. Oats were susceptible to infection but did not express symptoms of crown rot in 2 years of the trial. Oats can, therefore, be considered a symptomless host that may contribute to the maintenance of inoculum. The overall mean incidence of infected plants increased from 12% in 1987 to 81% in 1989. The various treatments did not significantly reduce the incidence of infected wheat plants in November of the final year. The incidence of crown rot of wheat in 1989 was greatest after 2 prior wheat crops and lowest after 1 or 2 years of mown oats. The 3 species produced a similar amount of straw by weight; however, mown oats produced significantly less. Oat straw decomposed more rapidly than that of other cereals in controlled conditions.

Effect of prolonged undernutrition on the recovery and reproductive performance of maiden Merino ewes

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
P McInnes ◽  
TJ Grainger ◽  
MD Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
The Mean

Data are presented on the recovery and reproductive performance of 2 1/2-year-old maiden Merino ewes after a prolonged period of undernutrition. The 217 sheep had been hand-fed on a submaintenance ration in pen feeding trials at Glenfield, New South Wales. During the seven months of the trials they had lost 6 kg (28 to 22 kg) body weight. They were transported to Condobolin in south-western New South Wales, divided into two treatment groups and run on good quality pastures. One group was joined immediately (May 1959) and again ten months later, and the other group was mated after six months at Condobolin (in October 1959) and again 12 months later. The ewes recovered rapidly. The mean weight of both groups had reached 30 kg within six weeks and 40 kg within six months. In the first year 73 of the 100 May-mated ewes bore lambs, but only 38 of these lambs were weaned. Ewes bearing lambs had a higher body weight at the start of joining and gained more during joining than the barren ewes. At the other three joinings (October 1959, May 1960, October 1960) lambing percentage was from 86-89 and weaning percentage from 62-69-both normal for the district. The proportion of twin lambs (3-6 per cent) was low. Wool weight in 1959 was not affected by time of mating or by pregnancy.

Heterosis and combining ability effects on cotton. II. Heterosis

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 991 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Thomson ◽  
DJ Luckett
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
River Valley ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
The Mean

The yield and quality of a diverse range of cotton hybrids was measured in one, or more, of a number of experiments conducted in the Ord River valley, Western Australia (15�S.) and the Namoi River valley, New South Wales (30�S.). Two of the experiments were diallels, one involving nine parents, the other thirteen parents. In both the plant and subsequent ratoon crops, mean yield of the hybrids was significantly greater than the mean yield of the parents, and the hybrids had significantly longer and stronger fibre. A few hybrids in both diallels significantly outyielded commercial controls by between 15 and 35% in both the plant and ratoon crops. Subsequently, in other experiments including one with near-commercial large plots, the high performers from the diallel experiments were inconsistent for yield, usually exhibiting little or no heterosis above that of the best commercial cultivars. Other hybrids tested in these experiments also generally failed to outyield the commercial controls, although a number had higher-quality fibre. It was concluded the heterosis for yield is not consistent enough under high-yielding Australian conditions to warrant the commercial production of hybrid cotton seed. Some hybrids, however, especially the interspecific G. hirsutum x G. barbadense ones, have the stronger, finer fibre that appears better suited to cotton spinning equipment now being developed, and this aspect could justify reappraisal of this conclusion in the future.

Tolerances of wheat cultivars to post-emergence wild oat herbicides

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 677 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Lemerle ◽  
AR Leys ◽  
RB Hinkley ◽  
JA Fisher ◽  
B Cullis
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
New South ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Visual Assessments

Sixteen spring wheat cultivars were tested in southern New South Wales for their tolerances to the recommended rates, and three times the recommended rates, and three times the recommended rates of barban, diclofop-methyl, difenzoquat and flamprop-methyl in 1978 and 1979. Differences between cultivars in their tolerances to barban and diclofop-methyl were identified in the grain yield responses to three times the recommended rates of these herbicides. Crop damage was more severe in 1978 than 1979. Olympic, Shortim, Teal and Warimba were consistently susceptible to barban, while Condor, Cook, Egret and Oxley were more tolerant than the other cultivars. The differences between cultivars treated with diclofop-methyl were smaller and variable. However, Lance, Teal and Tincurrin were the most sensitive whilst Cook, Kewell and Oxley showed the greatest tolerance. Visual assessments of crop damage did not accurately reflect crop tolerance, therefore grain yield should be used to identify susceptible cultivars.

How adolescents perceive that community-based exercise improves their well-being

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-459
Author(s):  
Kevin Rourke ◽  
Coralie J Wilson
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Parental Consent ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Team Games ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Perceived Benefit ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Energy Survey

Objectives: To determine if adolescents perceive community-based exercise as beneficial to their well-being and in what ways. Methods: A New South Wales Police Citizens Youth Club ran a four-week fitness course. The classes involved: 1) sports including basketball and soccer, 2) non-contact boxing drills, and 3) games, both team games such as dodgeball and non-team games such as line tag. Parental consent to offer a survey at the completion of the course was requested during registration. The survey was the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale; it was minimally modified to measure perceived benefit to mental well-being instead of actual benefit. Results: Thirty-one high school adolescents, ages 13–18, completed the survey. As a group, participants reported that they believed their well-being had improved after the course. The mean score for each survey item showed an improvement in every area of mental well-being for this sample of adolescents. Thirty-two per cent of adolescents reported having less energy. Survey scores indicated a statistically significant improvement in perceived well-being ( p<0.0001). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that four weeks of community-based exercise improves perceived mental well-being in adolescent participants.

Agronomic studies on irrigated soybean in southern New South Wales. II. Broadening options for sowing date

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Gaynor ◽  
R. J. Lawn ◽  
A. T. James
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
South Wales

The response of irrigated soybean to sowing date and to plant population was evaluated in field experiments over three years at Leeton, in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (MIA) in southern New South Wales. The aim was to explore the options for later sowings to improve the flexibility for growing soybean in double-cropping rotations with a winter cereal. The experiments were grown on 1.83-m-wide raised soil beds, with 2, 4, or 6 rows per bed (years 1 and 2) or 2 rows per bed only (year 3). Plant population, which was manipulated by changing either the number of rows per bed (years 1 and 2) or the within-row plant spacing (year 3), ranged from 15 to 60 plants/m2 depending on the experiment. Two sowings dates, late November and late December, were compared in years 1 and 3, while in year 2, sowings in early and late January were also included. Three genotypes (early, medium, and late maturity) were grown in years 1 and 2, and four medium-maturing genotypes were grown in year 3. In general, machine-harvested seed yields were highest in the November sowings, and declined as sowing was delayed. Physiological analyses suggested two underlying causes for the yield decline as sowing date was delayed. First and most importantly, the later sown crops flowered sooner after sowing, shortening crop duration and reducing total dry matter (TDM) production. Second, in the late January sowings of the medium- and late-maturing genotypes, harvest index (HI) declined as maturity was pushed later into autumn, exposing the crops to cooler temperatures during pod filling. Attempts to offset the decline in TDM production as sowing was delayed by using higher plant populations were unsuccessful, in part because HI decreased, apparently due to greater severity of lodging. The studies indicated that, in the near term, the yield potential of current indeterminate cultivars at the late December sowing date is adequate, given appropriate management, for commercially viable double-cropping of soybean in the MIA. In the longer term, it is suggested that development of earlier maturing, lodging-resistant genotypes that retain high HI at high sowing density may allow sowing to be delayed to early January.

The breeding behaviour of the endangered regent honeyeater, Xanthomyza phrygia, near Armidale, New South Wales

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon L. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Nest Construction ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Breeding Behaviour ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Breeding Seasons

The regent honeyea ter, Xanthomyza phrygia, is an endangered woodland bird whose range and population size have decreased in the last thirty years. Suggested reasons for this decline include abnormal breeding behaviour, poor reproductive output, and excessive inter- and intra-specific aggression. This study investigated the breeding behaviour and aggressive interactions of regent honeyeaters during the nest construction, incubation, nestling, and fledgling stages in two consecutive breeding seasons in the Bundarra–Barraba region near Armidale, New South Wales. The female was entirely responsible for nest construction and incubation, which is typical of many honeyeaters. Both parents fed the nestlings, and at a similar rate, although only the female brooded chicks on the nest. Both parents fed the fledglings. The mean frequency at which nestlings (23 times per hour) and fledglings (29 times per hour) were fed is the highest published rate of any non-cooperative honeyeater. Breeding males were involved in significantly more aggressive interactions with conspecifics and other nectarivores than were females, although the overall percentage of day-time spent in aggression for both sexes was low (2.5%). It appears that abnormal breeding behaviour, poor reproductive effort, or excessive aggression are not experienced by this species in northern New South Wales, and that other factors are likely to be responsible for its current low population level.

A new species and comparative morphology of Vesselowskya (Cunoniaceae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Rozefelds ◽  
Richard W. Barnes ◽  
Belinda Pellow
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
New South ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Central Column ◽  
A New Species

The vegetative and reproductive morphology of Vesselowskya Pampanini, southern marara, is described and illustrated in detail. The variation within V. rubifolia (F.Muell.) Pampanini sens. lat. is shown to be greater than has previously been recognised, with the differences identified supporting the recognition of a new segregate species, V. venusta Rozefelds, R.W.Barnes and Pellow sp. nov. Vesselowskya venusta occurs in the Barrington Tops Plateau of New South Wales and differs from V. rubifolia in possessing hairs on the abaxial surface of the sepals and lacking both a prominent distal connective protrusion on the anthers and colleters at the base of the stipules. The two Vesselowskya species are dioecious with a vestigial ovary in staminate flowers and reduced stamens in pistillate flowers. Dioecy is more pronounced in Vesselowskya, than in some Weinmannia species, and in both genera is expressed through reduction in the size of the ovaries in staminate flowers, and stamens in pistillate flowers. Vesselowskya shares with the other genera in the tribe Cunonieae (Pancheria, Weinmannia and Cunonia), a central column in the fruits, and Cunonia-type stipules, but differs from these genera in having valvate aestivation, digitate leaves, craspedodromous secondary venation with secondary veins terminating at a tooth, tuft domatia along the midrib, adaxial epidermal cells with strongly sinuous cell walls and the absence of hydathodes.

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