Effect of nitrogen on growth, quality and nutrient uptake of cabbages grown in sand culture

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 875 ◽  
Author(s):  
DO Huett ◽  
EB Dettmann
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Range ◽  
Uptake Rates

The effect of nitrogen (N) application level on head yield and quality, growth and nutrient uptake of cabbages (cv. Rampo) was investigated in a sand culture experiment. Plants were harvested at a minimum of 2-week intervals over a 13-week period and N levels (2, 7, 14, 29 and 43 mmol/L as nitrate) were applied each day in a complete nutrient solution which was formulated to provide a stable and balanced nutrient supply. A gamma cubic response surface model fitted actual growth and nutrient uptake data quite precisely (R2 > 0.99) over the range 2-43 mmolb N. This model was used to derive the predicted plant growth and nutrient uptake rates. Head maturity occurred 12 weeks after transplanting when increases in the level of applied N, up to 14 mmol/L, increased the dry weight of roots, stem, leaf and head, and the fresh weight of head. Higher N levels reduced the weight of plant parts. Heads with the lowest percentage of dry matter were produced over the 7-14 mmol/L N application range. Growth rate of tops was low during the 4-week period after transplanting. It then increased rapidly to the maximum predicted value of 43 g/plant.week which was calculated to occur 9 weeks after transplanting at an N application level of 21 mmo/L. Similar growth rates were recorded over the 14-29 mmol/L N application range. Growth rates declined slightly at higher N levels and declined at later growth stages. Predicted nutrient uptake rates followed a similar response pattern to growth rates. The maximum uptake rates (g/plant.week), calculated to occur 8 weeks after transplanting at an N application level of 21 mmol/L, were: N, 1.30; potassium, 2.50; phosphorus, 0.23; calcium, 0.71; magnesium, 0.14; and sulfur, 0.60. We conclude that on low fertility soils, in order to achieve optimum nutrition and hence maximum growth rates and quality of cabbages under field conditions, the application rates of N and K fertilisers need to be flexible to meet the high nutrient demand which occurs after head formation and before final harvest.

Effect of nitrogen on growth, fruit quality and nutrient uptake of tomatoes grown in sand culture

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
DO Huett ◽  
EB Dettmann
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
N Application ◽  
Uptake Rates

The effect of nitrogen (N) application level on fruit yield and quality, growth and nutrient uptake ofthe tomato cv. Flora-Dade was investigated in a sand culture experiment. Plants were harvested at regular intervals over a 16-week period and N levels (1.07, 5.36, 10.71 and 32.14 mmol L-1 of N as nitrate) were applied each day in a complete nutrient solution which was formulated to provide a stable and balanced nutrient supply. A response surface model fitted actual growth and nutrient uptake data quite precisely (R2> 0.96) over the range 1-32 mmol L-1 of N. From this model predicted growth and nutrient uptake rates were derived. At final harvest, increases in the level of applied N increased the number of fruit set and increased the dry weight of roots, leaf, stem and fruit. Fresh and dry weight of fruit responded to N up to 32 mmol L-I, whereas vegetative and root dry weight failed to respond beyond 11 mmol L-1 N. The firmest fruit with the highest dry matter content were grown at N levels of 11 and 32 mmol L-1. Fruit with the highest total soluble solids content were grown at N levels of 1 and 32 mmol L-1. Fruit dominated top growth over the last 6 weeks of the growth period, when the maximum predicted growth rate by tops of 151 g plant-1 week-1 was calculated to occur 10 weeks after transplanting at an N application level of 2 1 mmol L-1. Similar growth rates were predicted over the N range 18-32 mmol L-1, with rates increasing rapidly up to early fruit harvest and remaining high. Predicted nutrient uptake rates followed a similar response to growth rates. The maximum uptake rates (g plant-1 week-1) were 3.65 N, 6.19 potassium, 0.83 phosphorus, 2.03 calcium and 0.59 magnesium. We conclude that, in order to achieve optimum nutrition and hence maximum growth rates and quality of tomatoes under field conditions, the application of N and K fertilisers should be matched to the high demand which occurs over the fruit growth period.

scholarly journals Critical Tissues for Nutrient Diagnostics and Optimal Nutrients for Enhancing Yield of Processing Carrots

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 870E-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Christine Pettipas* ◽  
Rajasekaran R. Lada ◽  
Claude D. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendation ◽  
Yield And Quality

Carrot (Daucus carota L. var sativus) production in Nova Scotia is challenging as carrots are grown under cool temperatures, rainfed conditions, and in mineral soils usually of low fertility. Growers must rely on fertilizer inputs to optimize yields. Excess application can result in high costs and may lead to soil and environmental problems. There is no up-to-date solidly-based, fertilizer recommendation available for carrot production in Nova Scotia. A greenhouse trial was conducted to identify the critical tissue(s) at various growth stages and optimal tissue nutrient concentrations for yield and quality. This will provide a diagnostic tool for assessing plant nutrient health and the opportunity to correct nutrient deficiencies to prevent yield losses, as well as provide an up-to-date fertilizer recommendation. Dicer carrot seeds, variety Red Core Chatenay were grown in sand culture system that used a gravity-fed drip irrigation system. Nine fertility treatments consisting of a complete 20-20-20 plus micronutrients fertilizer was used to deliver at 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 ppm equivalent of N, P, and K. Soil and plant tissue samples were taken at 4 and 9 weeks and at final harvest at 13 weeks. Critical tissues varied for each element studied at each of the growth stages. Results suggest 0 and 50 ppm treatments did not provide enough fertilizer to obtain maximum growth while plants receiving above 300 ppm were found to be more susceptible to disease. The treatment with 100 ppm N, P, and K was optimal, being significantly higher in yield and quality than all treatments except 150 ppm.

Nitrogen application after plant growth regulator herbicide drift reduces soybean growth and yield

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-353
Author(s):  
Brian Van de Stroet ◽  
Graig Reicks ◽  
Deepak Joshi ◽  
Sen Subramanian ◽  
David Clay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
N Application ◽  
Foliar N

AbstractThe success of dicamba-tolerant soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] has revived concerns about plant growth regulator (PGR) herbicide exposure to conventional soybean. In laboratory studies, soybean root nodulation is inhibited by excess auxin, which is the mechanism of action of PGR herbicides. Soybean exposed to PGRs in a field environment may have a similar response, and if nodulation is compromised, nitrogen (N) fixation may be reduced, with subsequent seed yield or protein content decreases. Many soybean–N studies report minimal impact to soybean yield. However, if soybeans show foliar PGR injury symptoms, could N application compensate for a potential nodulation inhibition response? This study examined the response of non–PGR tolerant soybean to N after exposure to low doses of 2,4-D and dicamba applied once (at soybean growth stages V1, V3, and early reproduction [R1 or R2]) or twice (V1 + V3 or V3 + R). N was either foliar or soil applied at early (∼5 d after PGR application) or late (10 d after PGR application) timings. Nodulation and plant growth were evaluated at R3, and grain yield and seed protein and oil content were quantified at maturity. Plant biomass and nodulation were reduced by 10% with some PGR treatments, and early foliar N application after PGR injury resulted in reduction up to 25%. N applications to non–PGR treated soybean did not increase yield. Soybean treated with PGR at V1 or V3, with or without N, had yields similar to control treatments. However, yield reductions of up to 20% were observed when PGRs were applied at V5 or R stages or when double PGR applications were followed by early foliar N application. Seed protein and oil content were not affected by PGR or N treatment.

scholarly journals Estimating Plant Nitrogen Concentration of Maize Using a Leaf Fluorescence Sensor across Growth Stages

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1139
Author(s):  
Rui Dong ◽  
Yuxin Miao ◽  
Xinbing Wang ◽  
Zhichao Chen ◽  
Fei Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Fluorescence Sensor ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Fluorescence Sensors ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
N Status ◽  
Leaf N

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most essential nutrients that can significantly affect crop grain yield and quality. The implementation of proximal and remote sensing technologies in precision agriculture has provided new opportunities for non-destructive and real-time diagnosis of crop N status and precision N management. Notably, leaf fluorescence sensors have shown high potential in the accurate estimation of plant N status. However, most studies using leaf fluorescence sensors have mainly focused on the estimation of leaf N concentration (LNC) rather than plant N concentration (PNC). The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the relationship of maize (Zea mays L.) LNC and PNC, (2) evaluate the main factors influencing the variations of leaf fluorescence sensor parameters, and (3) establish a general model to estimate PNC directly across growth stages. A leaf fluorescence sensor, Dualex 4, was used to test maize leaves with three different positions across four growth stages in two fields with different soil types, planting densities, and N application rates in Northeast China in 2016 and 2017. The results indicated that the total leaf N concentration (TLNC) and PNC had a strong correlation (R2 = 0.91 to 0.98) with the single leaf N concentration (SLNC). The TLNC and PNC were affected by maize growth stage and N application rate but not the soil type. When used in combination with the days after sowing (DAS) parameter, modified Dualex 4 indices showed strong relationships with TLNC and PNC across growth stages. Both modified chlorophyll concentration (mChl) and modified N balance index (mNBI) were reliable predictors of PNC. Good results could be achieved by using information obtained only from the newly fully expanded leaves before the tasseling stage (VT) and the leaves above panicle at the VT stage to estimate PNC. It is concluded that when used together with DAS, the leaf fluorescence sensor (Dualex 4) can be used to reliably estimate maize PNC across growth stages.

scholarly journals Phosphorus and Zinc Fertilization Influence Crop Growth Rates and Total Biomass of Coarse vs. Fine Types Rice Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1356
Author(s):  
Amanullah ◽  
Inamullah ◽  
Jawaher Alkahtani ◽  
Mohamed Soliman Elshikh ◽  
Mona S. Alwahibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
The Impact

Under the rice–wheat cropping system (RWS), the continuous cropping of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) deplete soil fertility, and reduce crop growth and total rice biomass. In RWS, both phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies are considered important nutritional constraints for reducing rice crop growth rates (CGR) and total biomass/biological yield (BY). The objective of this experiment was to investigate the impact of phosphorus (0, 40, 80, 120 kg P ha−1) and zinc rates (0, 5, 10, 15 kg Zn ha−1) on CGR and BY of three rice genotypes [fine (Bamati-385) versus coarse (Fakhre-e-Malakand and Pukhraj)] in Northwestern Pakistan during summer 2011 (Y1) and 2012 (Y2). The results revealed that higher CGR at various growth stages and total BY was obtained with the integrated use of higher phosphorus (80 and 120 kg P ha−1) and zinc rates (10 and 15 kg Zn ha−1). The lower CGR and BY were recorded when P and Zn were not applied (control) or when P and Zn were applied alone. In the case of rice genotypes, the highest CGR and BY were recorded for the hybrid rice (Pukhraj) than the other two genotypes. The CGR was increased to the highest level at the heading stage as compared to tillering and physiological maturity. The increase in CGR had a positive impact on the total BY of rice cultivars. The increase in BY had a positive relationship with grain yield and grower’s income. It was concluded from the study that the combined application of higher P and Zn rates to the coarse rice genotypes (Fakhre-e-Malakand and Pukhraj) could increase CGR, total BY, crop productivity and profitability.

scholarly journals Affordable Phenotyping of Winter Wheat under Field and Controlled Conditions for Drought Tolerance

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 882
Author(s):  
Dhananjay Kumar ◽  
Sandeep Kushwaha ◽  
Chiara Delvento ◽  
Žilvinas Liatukas ◽  
Vivekanand Vivekanand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates

Drought stress is one of the key plant stresses reducing grain yield in cereal crops worldwide. Although it is not a breeding target in Northern Europe, the changing climate and the drought of 2018 have increased its significance in the region. A key challenge, therefore, is to identify novel germplasm with higher drought tolerance, a task that will require continuous characterization of a large number of genotypes. The aim of this work was to assess if phenotyping systems with low-cost consumer-grade digital cameras can be used to characterize germplasm for drought tolerance. To achieve this goal, we built a proximal phenotyping cart mounted with digital cameras and evaluated it by characterizing 142 winter wheat genotypes for drought tolerance under field conditions. The same genotypes were additionally characterized for seedling stage traits by imaging under controlled growth conditions. The analysis revealed that under field conditions, plant biomass, relative growth rates, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from different growth stages estimated by imaging were significantly correlated to drought tolerance. Under controlled growth conditions, root count at the seedling stage evaluated by imaging was significantly correlated to adult plant drought tolerance observed in the field. Random forest models were trained by integrating measurements from field and controlled conditions and revealed that plant biomass and relative growth rates at key plant growth stages are important predictors of drought tolerance. Thus, based on the results, it can be concluded that the consumer-grade cameras can be key components of affordable automated phenotyping systems to accelerate pre-breeding for drought tolerance.

scholarly journals The effect of drought and intercropping on chicory nutrient uptake from below 2 m studied in a multiple tracer setup

2019 ◽  
Vol 446 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 543-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Ruø Rasmussen ◽  
Kristian Thorup-Kristensen ◽  
Dorte Bodin Dresbøll
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Tracer Uptake ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Pilot Experiment ◽  
Red Beet ◽  
Uptake Rates

Abstract Aims We tested if chicory acquires nutrients from soil layers down to 3.5 m depth and whether the deep nutrient uptake increases as a result of drought or intercropping with ryegrass and black medic. We also tested whether application of the trace elements Cs, Li, Rb, Sr and Se, as tracers, result in similar uptake rates. Methods The methodological tests were carried out in a pilot experiment where the tracers were applied to 1 m depth in lucerne and red beet grown in tube rhizotrons. The dynamics of deep nutrient uptake in chicory was studied in large 4 m deep rhizoboxes. A drought was induced when roots had reached around 2 m depth. Results Chicory acquired 15N from 3.5 m depth and trace element tracers from 2.3 m depth. We found no compensatory tracer uptake with depth during drought. We found some indications of a compensatory tracer uptake from 2.3 and 2.9 m depth in intercropped chicory. Application of equimolar amounts of trace elements resulted in similar excess tracer concentrations within species. Conclusion Chicory demonstrates nutrient uptake from below 3 m but does not increase deep nutrient uptake as a response to limited topsoil nutrient availability induced by drought or intercropping.

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