Effect of season (vegetative flushing) and leaf position on the leaf nutrient composition of Annona spp. hybrid cv. Pink's Mammoth in south-eastern Queensland

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
AP George ◽  
RJ Nissen ◽  
ML Carseldine
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Age ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mobile Elements ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Leaf Sampling ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Hybrid Cultivar ◽  
Cu And Zn

Seasonal patterns of leaf nutrient concentrations and leaf sampling procedures were established for the Annona spp. hybrid cultivar, Pink's Mammoth in subtropical Queensland (27�S.). One group of nutrients showed a general decline in concentration in the leaves with time (K, 1.448%; P, 0.3-0.15%) while another group showed an overall increase (Ca, 0.4-1.4%; Mg, 0.3-0.54%; B, 24-66 �g/g). Nitrogen leaf levels decreased throughout the growing season (3.5-2.5%), with the pattern of decline strongly influenced by vegetative flushing. Leaf concentrations of Ca, Mg, Mn and B generally increased, and N, P, K, Cu, and Zn decreased with leaf age. Movement of the more mobile elements (i.e. N, P. K, Cu, and Zn) from the older into the younger leaves was more rapid when trees were flushing compared with trees that had completed flushing. Irrespective of the state of flushing, higher concentrations of the less mobile elements Mg, Ca, B and Mn were recorded in the older compared with the younger leaves, indicating that their movement into younger leaves is relatively slow. Our results suggest that the most suitable time to sample leaves is after the completion of vegetative flushing when the concentration of most leaf elements have stabilised. Depending on the element, it may be more appropriate to sample either young or old leaves rather than compromise by sampling only the most recently mature, fully expanded leaf.

scholarly journals RESPON PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN SELADA (Lactuca Sativa L) TERHADAP VOLUME AIR DAN KONSENTRASI LARUTAN NUTRISI GOOD-PLANT SECARA HIDROPONIK

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Nuryulsen Safridar, Sri Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L

This study aims to determine the volume of water and the concentration of the nutrient solution and the right good plant to plant growth of lettuce (lactuca sativa L). This research has been carried out in the garden experiment Jabal Ghafur Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sigli. Runs from February to April 2017. This study used a raft floating hydroponics system. Research using completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern that is factor of the volume of water and nutrient concentration factor of good-plant. Treatment of the water volume (V) consists of three levels ie (V1) 4 liters of water, (V2) 8 liters of water and (V3) 12 liters of water. Good treatment-plant nutrient concentrations (N) consists of three levels ie (N1) 600 ppm (N2) of 800 ppm and (N3) 1000 ppm, with three replications so overall deplore 27 experimental unit. The volume of water very significant effect on plant height and leaf length aged 10, 20 and 30 days after planting, leaf number aged 20 and 30 days after planting, heavy wet stover age 30 HST, significantly affect the amount of leaf age 10 HST. Good-plant nutrients very significant effect on plant height ages of 20 and 30 days after planting, leaf number and length of leaf age 30 HST, significant effect on plant height HST age 10, age 20 HST leaf length, weight of wet age 30 HST stover.  Keywords: lettuce, hydroponics, water volume and concentration of good-plant nutrients

Effects of nutrient addition on polyphenol and nutrient concentrations in leaves of woody species of a savanna woodland in Central Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 288-296
Author(s):  
Tamiel Khan Baiocchi Jacobson ◽  
Mercedes Maria da Cunha Bustamante
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Savanna Woodland ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Tannin Concentration ◽  
Vegetation Models

AbstractWe investigated whether changes in nutrient availability affected N, P, S and polyphenol concentrations in different leaf-development stages of three brevideciduous and three evergreen dominant woody species in a nutrient-limited savanna woodland in Central Brazil. Treatments included eight years of annual fertilization with 100 kg ha−1 of N, P, N plus P and control, each replicated in four randomized 15 × 15-m plots. All species increased S concentrations (minimum 28%) in young and mature leaves in fertilized plots. Dalbergia miscolobium decreased total phenol concentrations with P (−34.3%, −23.7%) and NP fertilization (−28.2%, −17.1%). Blepharocalyx salicifolius increased total phenol (27.6%, 18.8%) and tannin (46.3%; 43.5%) in P fertilized and increased total phenol (33.9%) and tannin (27.8%, 43.5%) in NP fertilized plots. Total phenol concentration decreased with leaf age in Ouratea hexasperma, Styrax ferrugineus and Blepharocalyx salicifolius, which also decreased tannin concentration with leaf age. For all treatments, brevideciduous species had higher N, P, total phenols and tannin concentrations and lower S concentration than evergreens. These differences between phenological groups suggest that tropical ecosystems responses to environmental changes are more complex than anticipated by global vegetation models, with consequences for predictions in ecosystem functions and resilience.

scholarly journals Chemical Element Concentrations of Cycad Leaves: Do We Know Enough?

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin E. Deloso ◽  
Murukesan V. Krishnapillai ◽  
Ulysses F. Ferreras ◽  
Anders J. Lindström ◽  
Michael Calonje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Element Concentrations

The literature containing which chemical elements are found in cycad leaves was reviewed to determine the range in values of concentrations reported for essential and beneficial elements. We found 46 of the 358 described cycad species had at least one element reported to date. The only genus that was missing from the data was Microcycas. Many of the species reports contained concentrations of one to several macronutrients and no other elements. The cycad leaves contained greater nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations than the reported means for plants throughout the world. Magnesium was identified as the macronutrient that has been least studied. Only 14 of the species were represented by data from in situ locations, with most of the data obtained from managed plants in botanic gardens. Leaf element concentrations were influenced by biotic factors such as plant size, leaf age, and leaflet position on the rachis. Leaf element concentrations were influenced by environmental factors such as incident light and soil nutrient concentrations within the root zone. These influential factors were missing from many of the reports, rendering the results ambiguous and comparisons among studies difficult. Future research should include the addition of more taxa, more in situ locations, the influence of season, and the influence of herbivory to more fully understand leaf nutrition for cycads.

The effect of season, stage of plant growth and leaf position on nutrient concentration in banana leaves on a krasnozem in New South Wales

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (66) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Turner ◽  
B Barkus
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Banana Leaves ◽  
Cu And Zn

At Alstonville, New South Wales, leaf position had a greater effect than season on the nutrient concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mn, Cu, and Zn in the laminae of Williams bananas growing on a krasnozem soil and sampled over a 4-year period. However, season was more important for Mg. The effect of stage of plant growth was significant but much smaller than the other influences. When sampling for leaf analysis, leaf position and plant age can be standardised, but a major problem in this investigation was unpredictable, significant changes in nutrient composition from one sampling date to another. If these results are true for other soils. the data do not allow critical levels to be applied.

scholarly journals Seasonality of nutrients in leaves and fruits of apple trees

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilmar Ribeiro Nachtigall ◽  
Antonio Roque Dechen
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Leaf Sampling ◽  
Vegetative Cycle ◽  
Accumulation Curves ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
Tree Fruits

The nutrient accumulation curves of apple trees are good indicators of plant nutrient demand for each developmental stage. They are also a useful tool to evaluate orchard nutritional status and to estimate the amount of soil nutrient removal. This research aimed at evaluating the seasonality of nutrients in commercial apple orchards during the agricultural years of 1999, 2000, and 2001. Therefore, apple tree leaves and fruits of three cultivars 'Gala', 'Golden Delicious' and 'Fuji' were weekly collected and evaluated for fresh and dry matter, fruit diameter and macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and micronutrient (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) concentrations. Leaf and fruit sampling started one or two weeks after full bloom, depending on the cultivar, and ended at fruit harvest or four weeks later (in the case of leaf sampling). In general, leaf concentrations of N, P, K, Cu, and B decreased; Ca increased; and Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn did vary significantly along the plant vegetative cycle. In fruits, the initial nutrient concentrations decreased quickly, undergoing slow and continuous decreases and then remaining almost constant until the end of fruit maturation, indicating nutrient dilution, once the total nutrient accumulation increased gradually with fruit growth. Potassium was the nutrient present in highest quantities in apple tree fruits and thus, the most removed from the soil.

Patterns of growth and nutrient accumulation in expanding leaves of Eucalyptus regnans (Myrtaceae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline R. England ◽  
Peter M. Attiwill
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Ontogeny ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Eucalyptus Regnans ◽  
Leaf Emergence

Patterns of leaf growth and nutrient accumulation were investigated in relation to leaf ontogeny in the tree species Eucalyptus regnans F.Muell. Newly emergent leaves were tagged in the field and collected every 14 days for measurement of leaf dimensions and nutrient concentrations over a 113-day period. Patterns of growth in area, length, width and mass of leaves followed sigmoid curves. An exponential rate of growth for all measures was observed up to 56 days after leaf emergence, after which there was little increase. Conversely, specific leaf area (leaf area/leaf mass) decreased from emergence to about Day 56 and then remained relatively constant. Contents of all nutrients (measured on a leaf basis) increased during leaf expansion. Concentrations of N, P and K decreased and Ca concentration increased, but there was no clear trend for Mg concentration with leaf development. In general, the results of the present study verify previously developed ‘idealised curves’ of changes in dry mass and nutrient concentrations with leaf age for eucalypts. Patterns of leaf growth and nutrient accumulation (particularly N) show that leaves had reached full expansion and physiological maturity by ~80–90 days after emergence.

Leaf nutrient dynamics of two tree species and litter nutrient content in Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve, Cameroon

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas C. Songwe ◽  
F. E. Fasehun ◽  
D. U. U. Okali
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Litter Fall ◽  
Terminalia Superba ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

ABSTRACTThe variations in macronutrient concentrations of the leaves of Terminalia superba and Pycanthus angolensis were studied and the concentrations of nutrients in leaves before abscission were compared with those after abscission. The amounts of nutrients returned to the forest floor were also computed from litter fall data at the start of maximum annual fall in the Reserve. With the exception of potassium in Pycanthus angolensis, there were significant variations in the nutrient concentrations of the two species with the time of year. With increasing leaf age the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium declined in Terminalia superba while magnesium concentration decreased in Pycanthus angolensis leaves. Furthermore, calcium showed an increasing concentration in Terminalia superba with increase in leaf age. The concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium decreased before leaf fall. Estimated losses in nitrogen phosphorus and potassium before abscission were 44, 53 and 50%, respectively, whereas generally there was an increase (40%) in the concentration of calcium at leaf fall. Magnesium did not follow a definite pattern. The return of calcium through litter fall to the forest floor was the greatest of all the major elements. The distribution and variation of foliar nutrient concentrations in the leaves of Terminalia superba and Pycanthus angolensis and the importance of the amount of litter and the concentration of the various nutrients in the influencing soil fertility are discussed.

Developmental and seasonal patterns of mesophyll ultrastructure in Abies balsamea

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Fincher Chabot ◽  
Brian F. Chabot
Keyword(s):  
Cell Structure ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Winter Dormancy ◽  
Chloroplast Structure ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Mesophyll Ultrastructure ◽  
Accumulation Of Lipids

Changes in mesophyll ultrastructure with development and season are described for Abies balsamea. Cells mature sequentially during expansion of the needles. Most cells appear to be fully mature and actively photosynthesizing at the time of budbreak. Tannins appear early and accumulate throughout the growing season. Winter dormancy is marked by an accumulation of lipids throughout the cell, an aggregation of organelles around the nucleus, some loss of chloroplast structure, and a failure of chloroplasts to form starch grains. Reorganization of cell structure and resumption of synthetic activity in the spring occurs about 2 months before budbreak.

scholarly journals Variation in Leaf Nutrient Concentrations of Freeman Maple Resulting from Canopy Position, Leaf Age, and Petiole Inclusion

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael V. Mickelbart
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Age ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
The South ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
South Side ◽  
Late Season ◽  
The North ◽  
Canopy Position ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Concentrations

Consistent evaluation of nursery crop nutrient status within and among plots and years requires careful consideration of leaf collection practices. The objectives of this study were to determine the differences and variability among leaf age and cardinal position within the tree. Another objective was to determine if petioles should be included in leaf samples. Leaves were collected from seven trees of the Freeman maple (red–silver maple hybrid) Celebration® (Acer ×freemanii) from two leaf ages (early- and late-season leaves) and four positions (north, south, east, and west). On the south side of each tree, samples were separated into lamina, petiole, or lamina + petiole samples. Leaf traits were not different among positions, except that leaves on the north side of the tree had a lower specific leaf weight (SLW). Leaf nitrogen (N) was slightly lower on the north and west sides of the tree and leaf calcium (Ca) was highest on the south side of the tree, but otherwise position (i.e., side of the tree) had very little effect on leaf nutrient concentrations. Older leaves (leaves produced early in the season) were darker green and had a higher leaf area, longer petiole length, and lower SLW. Older leaves also had higher concentrations (on a mass basis) of all nutrients analyzed. Petiole concentrations of Ca, magnesium, and manganese were higher than lamina concentrations, whereas concentrations of N, sulfur, iron, zinc, boron, copper, and aluminum were all higher in the lamina. These differences, however, did not affect nutrient analyses conducted on samples consisting of lamina + petiole or lamina only. Variation within samples was lowest on the east and south sides for macro- and micronutrients, respectively, in late-season leaves. Based on the relative variation within samples, samples for nutrient analysis of red maple and red maple hybrids should consist of leaves collected from the southeast side of the tree and can consist of samples with or without petioles attached to the lamina.

scholarly journals Identification of the Appropriate Leaf Sampling Period for Nutrient Analysis in ‘Hass’ Avocado

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Salazar-García ◽  
Isidro J.L. González-Durán ◽  
Martha E. Ibarra-Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Period ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Mathematical Functions ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Leaf Sampling ◽  
Optimum Period ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients ◽  
Hass Avocado

This research was carried out from 2004 to 2005 in two commercial ‘Hass’ avocado orchards cultivated under rainfed conditions in a hot subhumid climate of the state of Nayarit, Mexico. The objectives of this study were to: 1) establish the patterns in nutrient concentrations during the lifespan of winter and summer vegetative flush leaves; and 2) validate a methodology based on mathematical functions to identify the appropriate period for leaf sampling to diagnose plant nutrition in avocado considering its two major vegetative flushes. Leaf samples were taken monthly for each vegetative flush, starting when leaf length was 5 cm or greater and concluding at leaf abscission. Starting at vegetative budbreak, winter and summer leaves lived 12.5 and 7.8 months, respectively. Summer flush leaves grew faster and attained greater length than winter leaves. A mathematical model based on the concentration of macro- and micronutrients through the lifespan of avocado leaves was evaluated. This model was used to determine the period when nutrient concentrations became stable and, consequently, to identify the proper leaf sampling period. For the ‘Hass’ avocado in Nayarit, the period for sampling winter flush leaves corresponded to 6.6- to 7.9-month-old leaves (4 Sept. to 13 Oct.). For summer leaves the optimum period was shorter and occurred when leaves were 3.9 to 4.9 months old (5 Dec. to 5 Jan.). The procedure and sampling time obtained here should be tested in other regions.

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