The effect of season, stage of plant growth and leaf position on nutrient concentration in banana leaves on a krasnozem in New South Wales

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (66) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Turner ◽  
B Barkus
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Banana Leaves ◽  
Cu And Zn

At Alstonville, New South Wales, leaf position had a greater effect than season on the nutrient concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mn, Cu, and Zn in the laminae of Williams bananas growing on a krasnozem soil and sampled over a 4-year period. However, season was more important for Mg. The effect of stage of plant growth was significant but much smaller than the other influences. When sampling for leaf analysis, leaf position and plant age can be standardised, but a major problem in this investigation was unpredictable, significant changes in nutrient composition from one sampling date to another. If these results are true for other soils. the data do not allow critical levels to be applied.

Nutrient losses under simulated rainfall from pasture plots in the Great Lakes District, New South Wales

Soil Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Jones ◽  
R. Willem Vervoort ◽  
Julie Cattle
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Nutrient Runoff ◽  
South Wales

Understanding the process by which nutrients and solids enter waterways from pastures in the Great Lakes district, New South Wales, Australia, may assist in maintaining water quality to ensure ongoing environmental and economic sustainability of the region. Rainfall simulations, using a 100-year return storm event, were conducted to determine nutrient and suspended solid concentrations in the runoff of 8 pasture sites in 3 of the catchments in the district. On 5 of the 8 sites, considerable concentrations of N or P were mobilised during the simulated rainfall event, but average nutrient concentrations and total loads across all sites were relatively low and similar to other studies of nutrient runoff from pastures. In addition, low runoff coefficients indicated that runoff is probably not the major pathway for nutrient losses from pasture in this area. Overall, rainfall runoff responses at the sites were similar in the 3 catchments. In contrast, the results suggest that, despite generating more runoff, the sites in the Wang Wauk catchment generated less nutrients in runoff than the sites in the Wallamba and Myall catchments. There was no difference in total suspended solids loads for the sites analysed by catchment. Relationships between soil physical and chemical characteristics and total nutrients loads or cumulative runoff were not strong.

Diagnostic leaf analysis for stone fruit. 6. Apricot

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (72) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Leece ◽  
Bvan den Ende
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Element Composition ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Nutrient Element ◽  
Composition Data ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Leaf Composition

Changes in the nutrient-element composition of leaves of 'Trevatt' apricot were measured monthly during the 1971-72 and 1972-73 seasons in New South Wales. The rate of change of leaf composition was least during January-February. Thus, leaf composition standards should be based on January- February samples and diagnostic sampling should be confined to this period where possible. Correction factors for adjusting the composition of early or late samples back to January 31 levels, were calculated from polynomials with time fitted to the leaf composition data. A survey of the leaf composition of well-managed 'Trevatt' apricot orchards was conducted each January from 1971 to 1973 in New South Wales and Victoria. Percentages of orchards classified as low to deficient (-), and high to excess (+) for various nutrients were as follows : New South Wales (averages of 1971 to 1973) N -41 ; P +37; K +49; Mg +56; Fe +1 9 ; Zn -18. Victoria (averages of 1972 and 1973) N -21 and +32; K +10; Fe -35; Mn +17; Zn -20.

Movement of Kangaroos After a Fire in Mallee Woodland.

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Caughley ◽  
B Brown ◽  
J Noble
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Aerial Surveys ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Macropus Rufus ◽  
Stimulate Plant Growth ◽  
Grazing Sheep

Experimental burning of mallee (Eucalyptus spp.) and shrub vegetation has been done in New South Wales to stimulate plant growth for grazing sheep and cattle. In March 1984 fires were started by an aerial ignition technique in a 'paddock' of 116 km2 and a study was made, by aerial surveys, of movements of kangaroos (Macropus rufus and M. fuliginosus) into the area. Such movements would detract from the benefit to grazing stock. It was found that on this occasion the burned area did not attract kangaroos, apparently because good winter rains gave adequate food for them elsewhere. It is suggested that burning for grazing is likely to be most beneficial where winter rains are most predictable, i.e. inside the mallee zone.

Diagnostic leaf analysis for stone fruit. 4. Plum

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (72) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Leece
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Composition Data ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Leaf Composition

Changes in the leaf composition of Prunus domestica cv. D'Agen and P. salicina cv. Mariposa, were measured monthly during the 1971 -72 and 1972-73 seasons in New South Wales. The rate of change of leaf composition was least during January-February for D'Agen and during December-February for Mariposa. Thus, leaf composition standards should be based on January-February samples for D'Agen and December- February samples for Mariposa, and diagnostic sampling should be confined to these periods where possible. Correction factors for adjusting the composition of early or late samples back to January 31 levels, were calculated for D'Agen from polynomials with time fitted to the leaf composition data. A survey of the leaf composition of well-managed orchards was also conducted each January from 1971 to 1973. Of the European prune orchards surveyed, 51 per cent were low in nitrogen, 37 per cent were low in phosphorus, 28 per cent were low in iron, 25 per cent were high in copper, 10 per cent were high in manganese and 23 per cent were high in boron. Of the Japanese plum orchards surveyed, 33 per cent were high in nitrogen, 14 per cent were high in potassium, 22 per cent were low in calcium, 18 per cent were high in copper and 15 per cent were high in manganese.

Development of a leaf sampling technique and leaf standards for kiwifruit in New South Wales

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Cresswell
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Leaf Sampling

The nutrient composition of foliage from mature vines of the kiwifruit varieties, Hayward and Bruno was monitored monthly over 3 consecutive growing seasons in an orchard on the central coast of New South Wales. Within a season, concentrations of N (5.07-2.74%), P (1.0-0.44%), K (3.29-1.95%) and Zn (36-19 mg/kg) in the first leaf after the fruit generally declined while concentrations of Ca (1.4 1 - 4.21%), Mg(0.28-0.50%) and Mn (151-275 mg/kg) increased. Leaf composition was relatively stable in February and this is proposed as a suitable standard sampling time for leaf analysis in New South Wales. Only minor differences in nutrient composition were found between the first leaf and other potential index leaves remaining on shoots at this time. Using this leaf sampling procedure, commercial kiwifruit orchards in New South Wales were surveyed over 3 consecutive seasons. The applicability of the New Zealand leaf analysis standards for use in New South Wales was assessed by comparing the predicted and actual performance of orchards in the survey. Where unreasonable divergence between the two was noted the standards were amended to make them more relevant to field conditions in New South Wales.

Revised diagnostic leaf nutrient standards for macadamia growing in Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 869 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Huett ◽  
I. Vimpany
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Experimental Database ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Canopy Position

Leaf nutrient analyses are widely used to determine the nutritional status of macadamia orchards. A commercial database was developed from 2186 observations collected from 186 farms across 56 geographical areas spanning New South Wales and Queensland. The data were collected over 10 years, with 1 to 9 sequential annual observations on each farm. An experimental database was also developed where several of the most popular commercial cultivars growing in the Lismore area of New South Wales and the Bundaberg area of Queensland were sampled at monthly intervals over a 2–3 year period. Two canopy sampling heights were used to confirm the effect of shading (irradiance) on leaf nutrient composition. This latter study confirmed that spring was an appropriate time to sample and that irradiated leaves, usually located in an upper canopy position, should be sampled. The most important change to the recommended leaf nutrient standards was the increase in the leaf nitrogen range from 1.3–1.4% to 1.4–1.7% for all cultivars except 344, where we recommend 1.6–2.0%. The study also confirmed that the adequate concentration range for zinc should be much lower than originally recommended. We recommend concentrations of 6–15 mg/kg. Minor changes were made to most other macro- and micronutrients. We also advise caution when interpreting the analyses of some nutrients because concentrations can change over the spring period. The revised leaf nutrient standards were developed from two large and comprehensive databases and reliably represent adequate leaf nutrient concentrations in productive, well-managed macadamia orchards in Australia. A single leaf analysis will not reliably indicate the nutritional status of a macadamia orchard. Additional information is required on trends in leaf and soil analyses over time as well as fertiliser, yield and management history.

Diagnostic leaf nutrient standards for low-chill peaches in subtropical Australia

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Huett ◽  
A. P. George ◽  
J. M. Slack ◽  
S. C. Morris
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Main Effects

Summary. A leaf nutrient survey was conducted of the low-chill peach cultivars, Flordaprince (October maturing) and Flordagold (mid November–early December maturing) at 3 commercial sites in both northern New South Wales and southern Queensland. Recently mature leaves from the middle third of a current season’s fruiting lateral (spring flush) were sampled at stone hardening and 2-weeks postharvest and of a non-fruiting lateral at maturity of the summer flush (after summer pruning) during the 1992–93 and 1993–94 seasons. At an additional site in New South Wales (Alstonville), leaf nutrient concentrations were also determined on cv. Flordagem (early November maturing) at 2-week intervals during both seasons. Soil (0–30 cm) chemical determinations were conducted at all sites at 2-weeks postharvest Seasonal trends in leaf nutrient composition were associated with a leaf age–maturity effect. As flush leaves matured during spring, and as mature leaves aged after hardening of the summer flush, nitrogen (N) concentration declined and calcium (Ca) concentration increased. Nitrogen and Ca concentrations increased when young leaves produced from the summer flush were sampled. Time of sampling produced the most consistently significant (P<0.05) main effects on leaf nutrient concentration. The 2-week postharvest period was selected as a convenient time to sample—when leaves were of a consistent age and maturity, and the effect of crop load on tree nutrient reserves was still present. Paclobutrazol, which reduces vegetative growth in stonefruit, was applied to all Queensland sites and, as a consequence, mid lateral leaves contained higher (P<0.05) Ca, magnesium (Mg) and chloride (Cl) and lower (P<0.05) N and phosphorus (P) concentrations than leaves from New South Wales sites. State effects can therefore be interpreted as paclobutrazol effects. Cultivar effects (P<0.05) occurred for many leaf nutrients, however, at the 2-week postharvest sampling, concentrations were sufficiently similar to combine as a narrow adequate concentration range for both cultivars. The diagnostic adequate leaf nutrient concentrations were within the range developed for high-chill peaches (Leece et al. 1971) with the exception of lower Ca, lower Mg for New South Wales (both cultivars), lower iron for Flordaprince (both states), higher P for Flordaprince in New South Wales and higher manganese values for Queensland (both cultivars). Regression analyses were conducted between leaf and fruit nutrient concentrations and soil chemical properties. The only consistent result demonstrated that as the soil Ca : Mg ratio increased, leaf Mg concentration decreased exponentially (P<0.001), indicating that the practice of heavy annual agricultural limestone or gypsum applications in the absence of Mg fertiliser, which had been adopted by several growers in the survey, is associated with lower leaf Mg concentrations.

Effect of tillage on yield, nodulation and nitrogen fixation of soybean in far north-coastal New South Wales

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Hughes ◽  
DF Herridge
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
North Coast ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Far North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Shoot Mass

An experiment to examine the effect of tillage practice on yield, nodulation and nitrogen fixation of soybean in a podsolic soil on the far north coast of New South Wales is reported. Soybeans were sown into either a cultivated or no-tilled seedbed following pasture in 1983 and 1984, and following soybeans in 1984 and 1985. Results over the 3 seasons indicated substantially improved nodulation under no-tillage. The mean nodulation index (nodule mass as a percentage of shoot mass) was 4.5 for no-tillage soybean and 2.3 for the cultivated crops. Nitrogen fixation, assessed using the ureide technique, was higher in the no-tillage plots, especially during early plant growth, Plant growth and seed yield were increased by no-tillage in the wetter 1984 season; the reverse occurred in the other 2 less favourable years. Data on crop N, seed N, and fixed N (estimated by partitioning N accumulated by the crops during successive periods of growth, according to the relative ureide values) were combined to calculate N balances. Potential gains of soil N were greatest under the no-tilled soybeans (as much as 110 kg Nha; mean over all seasons was 80 kg Nha). The cultivated crops showed a maximum gain of 86 kg N/ha and an average gain of 30 kg N/ha. The data indicate that soybean has the potential to improve the N fertility of podsolic coastal soils, particularly when grown using no-tillage practices.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document