Sulphur and phosphorus fertilizers increase the yield of barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) five-fold in native pasture on a traprock soil

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
NM Clarkson ◽  
IF Swann ◽  
NP Chaplain
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
First Year ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Barrel Medic ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Native Pasture

A single application of sulfur and phosphorus in the first year produced a 5-fold yield increase in barrel medic (Medicago truncatula cv. Jemalong), every year for 3 years, on traprock country in southern inland Queensland. In the first year, the yield of medic increased from 400 (untreated) to 1300 kg/ha with sulfur alone (at 40 kg/ha), and to 2300 kg /ha with sulfur and phosphorus together (both at 40 kg/ha). In the second and third years, sulfur and phosphorus together increased yields from 300 to 1400 kg/ha, and from 800 to 4000 kg/ha, respectively. The experiment tested factorial combinations of sulfur and phosphorus, both at 0, 10 and 40 kg/ha, 3 sources of sulfur (gypsum, superphosphate fortified with elemental sulfur and called 'super and sulfur', and elemental sulfur) and agricultural limestone at 2500 kg/ha. Seed and fertiliser were broadcast into a native pasture at the start of the experiment. Elemental sulfur was inferior to gypsum and 'super and sulfur' in the first year, but equally effective thereafter. There was no response to lime. Fertilising with sulfur and phosphorus together increased the sulfur concentration in medic tops from 0.10 to 0.23%, the phosphorus concentration from 0.19 to 0.23%, and the nitrogen concentration from 2.12 to 2.82%. Nutrient concentrations in plant and soil were examined as an aid to diagnosing deficiencies at other sites. We concluded that adequately fertilising medic with sulfur and phosphorus can greatly improve pasture yield and quality, and allow higher stocking rates on traprock country.

scholarly journals Nutrient enrichment effect on macroinvertebrates in a lowland stream of Argentina

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustina Cortelezzi ◽  
Carolina Ocón ◽  
María V. López van Oosterom ◽  
Rosana Cepeda ◽  
Alberto Rodrigues Capítulo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Lowland Stream ◽  
Pampean Streams ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Intensive Land Use

ABSTRACT One of the most important effects derived from the intensive land use is the increase of nutrient concentration in the aquatic systems due to superficial drainage. Besides, the increment of precipitations in South America connected to the global climate change could intensify these anthropic impacts due to the changes in the runoff pattern and a greater discharge of water in the streams and rivers. The pampean streams are singular environments with high natural nutrient concentrations which could be increased even more if the predictions of global climate change for the area are met. In this context, the effect of experimental nutrient addition on macroinvertebrates in a lowland stream is studied. Samplings were carried out from March 2007 to February 2009 in two reaches (fertilized and unfertilized), upstream and downstream from the input of nutrients. The addition of nutrients caused an increase in the phosphorus concentration in the fertilized reach which was not observed for nitrogen concentration. From all macroinvertebrates studied only two taxa had significant differences in their abundance after fertilization: Corbicula fluminea and Ostracoda. Our results reveal that the disturbance caused by the increase of nutrients on the benthic community depends on basal nutrients concentration. The weak response of macroinvertebrates to fertilization in the pampean streams could be due to their tolerance to high concentrations of nutrients in relation to their evolutionary history in streams naturally enriched with nutrients. Further research concerning the thresholds of nutrients affecting macroinvertebrates and about the adaptive advantages of taxa in naturally eutrophic environments is still needed. This information will allow for a better understanding of the processes of nutrient cycling and for the construction of restoration measures in natural eutrophic ecosystems.

scholarly journals Biofertilizer Microgeo® on Rice Crop: Yield and Seed Quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Thiago Assunção de Almeida ◽  
Paulo Roberto Fidelis Giancotti ◽  
Bento Alvenir Dornelles de Lima ◽  
Douglas Dalla Nora ◽  
Ronimar Rosso Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Promising Result ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
First Year ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Significant Yield

Rice is the most important crop for the south and south-west region of the Rio Grande do Sul state (Brazil); as all commercial crops, irrigated rice is requiring the use of alternatives for increasing yield and quality of its product with less aggressive/toxic inputs in the environment. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the biofertilization in the rice crop yield and the parameter of its seed quality and grain quality. It was carried out a field experiment with two treatments (with and without biofertilization with 150 + 150 L CLC® ha-1) with 12 repetitions in an irrigated rice. Biofertilization did not influenced the percentages of whole grain, polished grain and no broken grain. There were no difference between the treatments for final seed germination, seed hectoliter weight and pH. The rice yield with biofertilization using continuous liquid composting was not statistically higher, an expected result for a first year of biofertilization. However, it provided 398 kg ha-1 grain yield increase, which is a very positive and a promising result considering being the first year of application. Therefore, a significant yield increase for the following years of application is expected.

Prediction of effects of measures to reduce eutrophication in surface water in rural areas – a case study

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. H. van der Kolk ◽  
R. F. A. Hendriks
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Water System ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Sediment Layer ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

In the Bergambacht polder in The Netherlands, the surface water system is highly eutrophic. Owing to this high nutrient concentration, duckweed grows abundantly. To reduce the nutrient concentrations in the surface water, remedial measures are needed. To predict the effectiveness of three measures, a combination of a nutrient leaching model and a water quality model for nutrients in the surface water system was used. The scenarios formulated on the basis of these measures were simulated over a period of 35 years. Removing duckweed results in a substantial reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus. Improving the water purification plants results in a small reduction in the average nutrient concentrations. Dredging the total sediment layer results in a large reduction of phosphorus concentrations, but leads to an increase in nitrogen concentrations. The three measures combined will not improve the nitrogen concentration 30 years after implementation, but the phosphorus concentration will be reduced by 80% compared with 1990.

Effects of height and frequency of defoliation on the productivity of irrigated oats (Avena strigosa cv. Saia) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Kangaroo Valley), grown alone or with barrel medic (Medicago truncatula cv. Jemalong)

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
KF Lowe ◽  
TM Bowdler
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Barrel Medic ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Cutting Height

The effects of varying the height (5- 10 cm) and frequency (2-6 weeks) of defoliation on the dry matter yield, numbers of plants and tillers, and forage quality of Avena strigosa cv. Saia (oats) and Lolium perenne cv. Kangaroo Valley (perennial ryegrass), grown both in pure swards and in combination with Medicago truncatula cv. Jemalong (barrel medic) were evaluated in irrigated pastures at Gatton in southeastern Queensland in 3 experiments over 2 years. In pure swards, defoliation every 6 weeks at the lowest cutting height (5 cm) gave the highest yields of both oats (10 t DM/ha) and ryegrass (12.6 t DM/ha). There were fewer live tillers per m2 of both oats and ryegrass cut at 6-week intervals compared with more frequent defoliations. However, tiller numbers of both were unaffected by cutting height. Lengthening the regrowth period from 2 to 6 weeks reduced nitrogen concentration by 23% (from 4, 75%) for ryegrass and by 16% (from 4.22%) for oats but increased cell wall content of oats from 38 to 45% and ryegrass from 36 to 41%. In vitro digestibility of oats fell from 82.4 to 79.9%, but the digestibility of ryegrass was unaffected. Cutting height had no effect on these measurements for either forage. In mixtures, ryegrass DM yield was highest (3.6 t/ha) when cut every 3 weeks and at the lowest defoliation height (5 cm) whereas cutting at 6-week intervals gave the highest yields of oats (5.2 t/ha). Legume yield was usually highest with defoliations every 3 or 4 weeks and at the lowest cutting height (5 cm), and was higher when grown with ryegrass (4.4 t/ha) than with oats (4.0 t/ha).

EFFECTS OF INORGANIC NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS ON SELECTED SITES OF NATIVE GRASSLAND IN WESTERN CANADA

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Kilcher ◽  
S. Smoliak ◽  
W. A. Hubbard ◽  
A. Johnston ◽  
A. T. H. Gross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
First Year ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Better Than

N, P, and N + P at 60, 26, and 60 + 26 lb per acre were applied on native grass sites during three successive years at seven, locations in Western Canada. Single applications of the N fertilizer resulted in 3- or 4-year total yield increases of 300 to 600 lb per acre at six locations. At Summerland the 3-year increase was nearly 1400 lb. Phosphorus fertilizer by itself provided very little yield increase. N + P gave yield increases that were only slightly better than those from N alone.Residual responses to fertilizer were important, especially in the 12- to 16-in. rainfall locations. Only about one-third of the total yield increase occurred in the first year, with the remainder coming in the subsequent seasons.Weeds, where present, showed a marked response to fertilizer N in the first season; in subsequent years the response largely disappeared.

scholarly journals Yield and quality criteria in organically and conventionally grown tomatoes in Turkey

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ersin Polat ◽  
Halil Demir ◽  
Fedai Erler
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Organically Grown

The term 'organically grown food' denotes products that have been produced in accordance with the principles and practices of organic agriculture. The use of alternatives to synthetic fertilizers is an important issue in organic systems. A two-year field experiment to evaluate effects of organic fertilizers on the yield and quality of open field grown tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was carried out in Southern Turkey in 2000 and 2001. Combinations of manure, blood flour and micronutrient preparations were used for fertilization, and conventional mineral fertilization was included as the control. Yield did not differ between the fertilization and the Conventional treatments in the first year of the study, but the highest yield was obtained from conventional in the second year. No differences were found between treatments in terms of fruit soluble sugar content or citric acid. The application of organic fertilizers positively affected the micronutritional element content of tomato fruits compared to the conventional treatment. Organic fertilization results in improved yield and fruit quality compared to conventional fertilization. In addition, organic fertilization should be supported in order to facilitate reuse and disposal of organic wastes and to maintain and/or increase soil fertility.

scholarly journals Influence of increasing doses of nitrogen on feed productivity of perennial grasses

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vasil'evna Ivanova ◽  
Olga Vasil'evna Kurdakova ◽  
Aminat Msostovna Konova ◽  
Anna Yurievna Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
The State ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
State Register ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

In the course of the experiment, the effect of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield of clover of the meadow variety Nadezhny, entered in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2012, was analyzed. A comparison is also made of this influence with the timothy of the meadow variety Leningradskaya 204. It was established that the pre-sowing introduction of mineral nitrogen for clover and timothy has influenced the productivity of these crops, but the nature of this effect varies depending on the type of grass. The introduction of N20 against the background of P30K90, which provided an increase in control of 51.2% for green mass and 33.6% for air-dry matter, was optimal for meadow clover of the first year of life. For grassland clover second year of life, the best option was N0P30K90, which gave an increase of 56.6% to the control on green mass and 50.6% on air-dry matter. A further increase in the dose of nitrogen on the options caused a decrease in yield increase. Timothy meadow for two years of life was traced responsiveness to the provision of nitrogen. The most productive in all respects was the option N120P30K90.    

scholarly journals Water-Yield Relationships in Deficit Irrigated Onion

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1310
Author(s):  
Serhat Ayas
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
First Year ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

This trial was realized in the greenhouses of Uludağ University Yenişehir Vocational School between 2009 and 2010 to investigate effects of water deficit on yield and quality parameters of onion during four crop growth stages. In this trial, fourteen irrigation treatments in four growth periods (establishment, vegetative, yield formation and ripening) of onion (Allium cepa L E.T Grano.502) were constituted and the yield and quality parameters found from these treatments were evaluated. The layout of the experiment was a completely randomized block design with three replications for each of the fourteen irrigation treatments tested. According to the content of the treatments, the irrigation amount water applied to the plants varied between 0 and 436 mm in the first year, and between 0 and 448 mm in the second year. Water consumption of onion in the first year ranged between 205 and 496 mm and in the second year ranged between 210 and 502 mm. Yield, bulb weight, diameter, height and dry matter ratio were determined statistically significant. In 2009 and 2010 years, the maximum yield were found as 52.2 t ha-1 and 52.4 t ha-1 in E100V100Y100R100 treatments, while the minimum yield were found as 0.8 t ha-1 and 0.5 t ha-1 in the E0V0Y0R0 treatments, respectively. Water- yield relationship factors (ky) in 2009 and 2010 years were found as 1.03 and 1.04, respectively. The maximum WUE and IWUE values were obtained from establishment and ripening periods. Establishment and ripening periods may be suggested as the maximum efficient irrigation periods for the onion applied with drip irrigation under unheated greenhouse conditions.

scholarly journals The influence of environment forming factors on the productivity of winter wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 207 (04) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Valeriy Burluckiy ◽  
Polina Semeshkina ◽  
Vladimir Mazurov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Close Relationship

Abstract. The goal is to study the influence of the predecessor and fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain. Methods. The studies were carried out in a long-term stationary field experiment on a gray forest medium loamy soil. Field experience, observations, accounting and generalization of research results were carried out in accordance with the methodological recommendations of B.A. Dospekhov. Statistical processing of the research results was performed using Microsoft Excel 2007 with a 95 % significance level of the results. Results. As a result of the studies, it was noted that the studied predecessors had an insignificant effect on the development of winter wheat plants in the initial phases of growth. The density of winter wheat plants during the germination period varied within the range of 314–323 psc/m2 without the use of fertilizers and 317–328 psc/m2 against the background of their application. Further growth and development of plants took place in close relationship with the studied factors. At the end of the growing season, the number of productive stems was higher on the plots, where the clover of the first year of use was used as a predecessor, both in the control (without fertilizers) and when applying mineral fertilizers. Accordingly, the yield of winter wheat grain was higher for this predecessor, averaging 35.7 c/ha for 2014–2019. Without fertilization, depending on the predecessor, 25.2–32.8 c/ha were obtained, against the background of fertilization – 34.2–39.6 c/ha of winter wheat grain. On average, over the years of research, winter wheat grain contained 10.7–14.0 % protein. Depending on the year, this indicator varied from 8.8 % to 16.8 %. At the same time, the lowest values for the protein content were obtained for the variants without the use of fertilizers. In general, the content of protein and gluten in winter wheat grain largely depended on the application of mineral fertilizers and to a small extent on the predecessor. The weight of 1000 grains, depending on these factors, changed insignificantly.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review on Sustainable Industrial Vertical Farming Using Film Farming Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Zitian Zhang ◽  
Michel Rod ◽  
Farah Hosseinian
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Vertical Farming ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Global Population

Rapid population growth is expected to lead to the global population reaching 8.9 billion by 2050. In order to sustain such population growth, global food production must grow more than 70% by 2050. Arable land per capita, however, is on the decline. Vertical farming (VF) provides an enterprising solution to these concerns. VF utilizes stacked levels of growing racks and beds to maximize grow space per square foot of land and typically uses hydroponics to reduce water use. Similarly, film farming (FF) is a new agricultural technique developed in Japan for the soilless cultivation of crops while drastically reducing water use. FF has the potential to be integrated into VF systems to improve water use efficiency, and further improve food safety. This, however, relies on the possible improvements in yield and plant quality to increase sales volume and price to offset the added cost of FF. This review illustrates a cost-benefit analysis of a theoretical VF to show the yield increase and price point needed for FF integration to be viable as 27 247 kg (43.57%) and $9.67/kg (26.90%) respectively. This review also shows the benefits to yield and quality is enough for the integration to be viable.

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