Availability of residual fertilizer nitrogen in a Darling Downs black earth in the presence and absence of wheat straw

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM Strong ◽  
RC Dalal ◽  
JE Cooper ◽  
PG Saffigna
Keyword(s):  
Application Rate ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Available N ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
N Pool

Mineralisation and availability of residual fertiliser nitrogen (N) was studied in pots during December-October with and without the addition of straw (0-7.5 t/ha) on a Darling Downs black earth previously cropped with wheat. Soil (0-0.2 m) and straw were collected from field plots in which wheat was grown previously with supplementary irrigation and fertiliser N applied at 0, 100, 200, 300 or 400 kg/ha. At the end of the fallow, in June, there was a net increase in soil mineral N of between 0.7 and 11.1 mg/kg where fertiliser was applied to the preceding crop. The increase represented between 2 and 9% of the original N application and was larger with increasing N application rate and smaller with increasing rate of straw addition. Straw addition caused a substantial decrease in mineral N which was still evident in June and October, 162 and 305 days respectively following straw addition. Soil mineral N decreased linearly at the rate of 5 kg N/t of straw added up to 7.5 t/ha. The net effect of prior N applications on the quantity of N available to wheat plants was equivalent to 10-23% of the quantity of N applied to the preceding crop in the absence of straw and only 4% in the presence of straw. Residual effects of prior N applications on the quantity of N available for wheat plants was generally greater than was evident as soil mineral N in June. During crop growth, additional available N may have been released from the microbial soil N pool, especially where 200 or 400 kg/ha of N had been applied. Straw addition resulted in more microbial biomass throughout the fallow. The larger microbial N pool, however, contained less N than that immobilised due to straw addition. Thus, regardless of prior N application, less N was available to wheat plants in the presence than in the absence of straw of preceding wheat crops.

Sustaining productivity of a Vertisol at Warra, Queensland, with fertilisers, no-tillage or legumes. 3. Effects of nitrate accumulated in fertilised soil on crop response and profitability

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM Strong ◽  
RC Dalal ◽  
MJ Cahill ◽  
EJ Weston ◽  
JE Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Financial Returns ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Fertiliser Application

Unreliable rainfall during the crop growing season leads to a variable use of applied fertiliser nitrogen (N) by the crop, which may leave substantial fertiliser N residue in the soil. Residual effects of fertiliser N (0-150 kg/ha) applied to a succession of wheat crops over the period 1987-94 were studied in terms of increased crop returns ($A/ha) from fertiliser application and increased soil mineral N for the subsequent crop. In spite of the unreliability of wheat responses to applied N in this region, increases in financial returns over this sequence of crops suggest that a strategy of routine N application to wheat was highly profitable on this fertility-depleted soil. When increases in returns from 1 fertiliser application were summed over successive crops, financial returns generally increased with increasing rate of N applied up to the highest N rate (100 or 150 kg/ha). When N was applied to each successive crop, financial returns were similarly increased but applications >50 kg/ha were less profitable than rates <50 kg/ha. Increased financial returns for the 7 crops grown with conventional tillage increased by $A306/ha, $794/ha, $867/ha and $867/ha for fertiliser N applied at rates of 12.5, 25, 50 and 75 kg N/ha to each crop, respectively. Total N fertiliser costs for the 7 crops were $A63ha, $126ha, $253/ha and $380/ha. Increased financial returns of $608/ha and $962/ha were derived from applications of 25 and 75 kg N/ha to each of the 7 crops with zero tillage. When N uptake by wheat was reduced by water deficit, or where a longer fallow period created much higher nitrate levels, a single fertiliser N application of 75 or 150 kg/ha resulted in nitrate accumulated to 1.2 m depth in the following May. Where N was applied to each crop in the sequence, application of 75 kg/ha increased soil nitrate to 1.2 m in the following May, except in 1989 and 1990. The 3-crop sequence, 1988-90, placed high demands on soil N supplies, with high wheat yields (about 4.5 t/ha) and grain N contents (100-115 kg/ha) in 1988 but lower yields (>2t/ha) in 1989 and 1990. Consequently, low levels (46-63 kg/ha) of soil mineral N were apparently carried over for crops in 1989 and 1990 even where 75 kg N/ha was applied to the preceding crop. Subsequent recovery of financial losses, incurred in years of water deficit, made the routine application of 75 kg N/ha to fertility-depleted soils of this region profitable.

scholarly journals Split nitrogen application in potato: effects on accumulation of nitrogen and dry matter in the crop and on the soil nitrogen budget

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. VOS
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Utilization

In four field experiments, the effects of single nitrogen (N) applications at planting on yield and nitrogen uptake of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was compared with two or three split applications. The total amount of N applied was an experimental factor in three of the experiments. In two experiments, sequential observations were made during the growing season. Generally, splitting applications (up to 58 days after emergence) did not affect dry matter (DM) yield at maturity and tended to result in slightly lower DM concentration of tubers, whereas it slightly improved the utilization of nitrogen. Maximum haulm dry weight and N content were lower when less nitrogen was applied during the first 50 days after emergence (DAE). The crops absorbed little extra nitrogen after 60 DAE (except when three applications were given). Soil mineral N (0–60 cm) during the first month reflected the pattern of N application with values up to 27 g/m2 N. After 60 DAE, soil mineral N was always around 2–5 g/m2. The efficiency of N utilization, i.e. the ratio of the N content of the crop to total N available (initial soil mineral N+deposition+net mineralization) was 0·45 for unfertilized controls. The utilization of fertilizer N (i.e. the apparent N recovery) was generally somewhat improved by split applications, but declined with the total amount of N applied (range 0·48–0·72). N utilization and its complement, possible N loss, were similar for both experiments with sequential observations. Separate analysis of the movement of Br− indicated that some nitrate can be washed below 60 cm soil depth due to dispersion during rainfall. The current study showed that the time when N application can be adjusted to meet estimated requirements extends to (at least) 60 days after emergence. That period of time can be exploited to match the N application to the actual crop requirement as it changes during that period.

scholarly journals Impact of Legumes as a Pre-Crop on Nitrogen Nutrition and Yield in Organic Greenhouse Tomato

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 468
Author(s):  
Anastasios Gatsios ◽  
Georgia Ntatsi ◽  
Luisella Celi ◽  
Daniel Said-Pullicino ◽  
Anastasia Tampakaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Total N ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Tomato Yield

An organic greenhouse crop of tomato was established in February following cultivation of cowpea (CP) or common bean (CB) for green pod production, or faba bean (FB) for green manuring. The vegetative residues of CP and CB were incorporated to the soil together with farmyard manure (FYM), prior to establishing the tomato crop. The FB plants were incorporated to the soil at anthesis together with either FYM or composted olive-mill waste (CO). Green manuring with FB resulted in higher soil mineral N levels during the subsequent tomato crop and higher tomato fruit yield when combined with FYM, compared to compost. The level of soil mineral N was the main restrictive factor for yield in organic greenhouse tomato. FB for green manuring as preceding crop to tomato increased significantly the level of soil mineral N and tomato yield compared to CB or CP aiming to produce green pods. The lowest tomato yield was obtained when the preceding crop was CB cultivated for green pod production. The soil mineral N was significantly higher when FYM was applied as base dressing compared with CO, despite the higher total N concentration in CO, pointing to slower mineralization rates of CO during tomato cultivation.

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen and the method of application on yield and quality of broccoli

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Everaarts ◽  
P. De Willigen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Band Placement ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Effect On Yield

The effects of the rate and the method of N application on yield and quality of broccoli cv. Emperor were studied during 3 seasons at Andijk and Lelystad, Netherlands. Different amounts of N fertilizer were applied broadcast or band placed at planting. Band placement of fertilizer increased the yield in 5 out of 8 experiments. Application of N resulted in larger heads. No relationship was found between soil mineral N at planting and optimum N application because of the narrow range of soil mineral N at planting. Split application had no or a negative effect on yield and therefore is not recommended. For optimum yields a rate of 270 kg N/ha is recommended, minus the mineral N in the 0-60 cm soil layer, band placed at planting. For broadcast application 275 kg N minus the soil mineral N is recommended at planting, but yields will be lower than with band placement of fertilizer.

Evaluation of LEACHMN for simulating seasonal changes in plant available nitrogen across a variable landscape

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dadfar ◽  
B D Kay ◽  
R. Pararajasingham ◽  
R S Dharmakeerthi ◽  
E G Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Using Data ◽  
N Management

A model that accurately simulates the seasonal variation in nitrogen (N) dynamics may represent an important additional tool in N management. The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether seasonal changes in the amount of N that becomes available to a maize crop in a variable landscape can be simulated with LEACHMN and, in particular, to assess the potential value of LEACHMN in estimating N available at the time of the presidedress soil nitrate test (PSNT). Soil mineral N (SMN) and shoot N were measured biweekly over seven growing seasons in corn (Zea Mays L.) grown under conventional tillage in a variable landscape in Southern Ontario, Canada. The model was calibrated using data from 2002 and 2003 from each of five positions in the landscape and then evaluated using data from the 1997–2001 growing seasons. Although the model under-estimated SMN and over-estimated shoot N, the model was more successful in simulating the sum, defined as plant available N (PAN). Simulations of PAN were best at the summit and shoulder positions. The agreement between measured and simulated PAN were poorest early in the season. Although the accuracy of PAN simulations late in the growing season indicates this model has potential value in N management decisions, the errors in simulating SMN early in the season suggest adjustments are required before it can be used, along with other tools, as a substitute for the PSNT in cool humid environments. Key words: Soil mineral N, Plant available N, variable landscapes, LEACHMN

scholarly journals Limits to nitrogen fertilizer on grassland.

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.H. Prins
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Rates

The effect of N fertilizer on seasonal response of predominantly Lolium perenne grassland, sward quality and productivity, herbage nitrate content and soil mineral N was studied in cutting trials lasting 1-6 years. At an assumed marginal profitability of 7.5 kg DM/kg N applied, the av. opt. annual N application on sand and clay soils was 420 kg/ha. At this rate, herbage nitrate content did not exceed 0.75% NO3 and accumulation of soil mineral N was minimal. At annual N rates exceeding 500 kg/ha sward quality deteriorated and productivity decreased the following year. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Direct and residual effects of pulp and paper mill sludge on crop yield and soil mineral N

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Vagstad ◽  
N. Vagstad ◽  
A. Broch-Due ◽  
I. Lyngstad
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Paper Mill Sludge

Mineral nitrogen supply from pastures to cereals in three northern Victorian environments

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Harris ◽  
M. J. Unkovich ◽  
J. Humphris
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Cereal Grain

An experiment at 3 sites (Birchip, Elmore and Speed) in the northern Victorian cropping belt compared dry matter (DM) production of short-term (2 year) pastures and their contributions to soil mineral nitrogen (N) and subsequent wheat and barley production. The pastures included different varieties of subterranean clover, annual medic and lucerne, and these were compared with ryegrass-dominant pasture, which represented the experimental control. More productive legume pastures generally resulted in greater accumulation of soil mineral N at sowing of the following cereal at both Elmore and Speed; however, at Birchip, soil mineral N remained high under all treatments. At Elmore and Speed, significant (P<0.10) positive relationships were observed between available N at sowing and subsequent wheat and barley production. Cereal grain yield at Birchip was not associated with available N at sowing. The quantities of soil mineral N available at sowing (152 kg/ha) of the cereals were in excess of crop demand at Birchip. At Elmore, the soil mineral N supply (83 kg/ha) was below that required for wheat and barley to reach their water-limited potential yield (20 kg grain/mm of growing season rainfall). However, at Speed, the supply of soil mineral N (63 kg/ha) was sufficient to achieve the water-limited potential grain yield and to produce malting-grade barley, but not sufficient to elevate wheat grain protein concentrations above 11.5%. In environments with low soil N levels, the amount of residual N following short-term pastures increased the availability of N to following cereals. Whether this is sufficient to satisfy subsequent crop demand is largely determined by water availability in the year of cropping. In cases where available N is already high, short-term pasture phases may have little effect on increasing crop production.

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