Tillage practices and the growth and yield of wheat in southern New South Wales: Lockhart, in a 450 mm rainfall region

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
IB Mason ◽  
RA Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Direct Drilling

Effects of tillage treatments on the wheat crop were compared during a 3-year cropping phase on a red-brown earth which had previously supported subterranean clover. Direct-drilled wheat after long and short herbicide fallows yielded as well as wheat after cultivated fallow, and differed only in terms of small reductions (averaging 12%) in early plant growth. Non-fallow direct-drill crops had, compared with fallow crops, significantly less soil water (34 mm) and mineral nitrogen (30 kg/ha) at sowing in the first season, but not in later ones. However, they always showed reduced early plant growth, averaging 28% less than cultivated crops, and despite a subsequent narrowing of relative differences in growth gave significantly lower (15%) grain yields in the two wetter seasons; only in the second year, a severe drought causing very low yields, did they produce yields equal to those of fallow plots. The use of narrow combine points in direct drilling, giving incomplete soil disturbance, gave yields equal to those obtained with standard points and complete disturbance of the soil surface. However direct drilling with retained stubble - gave lower yields in a wet season. Averaged over 3 seasons, cultivated fallow yielded 2.54 t/ha, herbicide fallow 2.41 t/ha and non-fallow direct drill with stubble burning 2.17 t/ha. It was concluded that non-fallow direct-drill yields suffered because of reduced presowing water storage and reduced early growth, the latter effect was of less final consequence when the spring was dry.

scholarly journals Plant Growth and Yield Response of Tillage in Wheat Crop with Rotavator and Subsoiler Combination and No Tillage

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
pp. 1597-1600
Author(s):  
Sushil Kumar ◽  
Mukesh Jain ◽  
Vijaya Rani ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
No Tillage

Growth, seed production and effect of defoliation in an early flowering perennial grass, Alloteropsis semialata (Poaceae), on Cape York Peninsula, Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel M. Crowley ◽  
Stephen T. Garnett
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Cape York ◽  
Seed Dynamics

Alloteropsis semialata (R.Br.) A.Hitchc. is one of the first perennial grasses in monsoonal Australia to produce seed at the start of the wet season. Patterns of growth and seed production and seed dynamics of Alloteropsis semialata were examined in this study, along with the effects of partial defoliation. Growth of Alloteropsis semialata tussocks started with the first pre-wet-season rains, and was then interrupted during a period with little rain. Growth ceased before the end of the wet season, indicating that factors other than moisture availability were limiting. Seeds of Alloteropsis semialata were germinable on production, but did not remain viable or persist on the soil surface through the dry season. Most seeds and young seedlings were harvested and no seedlings were recruited. Inflorescence production increased with plant size. Moderate defoliation in the early wet season had no impact on plant growth, but reduced inflorescence and seed production for at least 2 years. Absence of a seed bank and early wet-season flowering mean that Alloteropsis semialata is likely to be sensitive to long-term over-grazing.

Effect of tillage practices on the fate of hard seeds of subterranean clover in a ley farming system

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 568 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Tillage Treatment ◽  
Clover Seed

In a rotation of 1 year pasture/l year crop, a subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum cv. Daliak) pasture was either left untilled or subjected to minimum or conventional tillage. One set of tillage treatments was imposed in each ofthree crop years while another set of treatments was imposed in only the first crop year. Regenerating clover plants were prevented from setting seed. In the first crop, 44% of the clover seeds were buried below 2 cm of soil by minimum tillage; this proportion was 65% in the conventional tillage treatment. In the first pasture regeneration year, seedling densities were highest in the no-tillage treatment. Conversely, there were more residual seeds in the tilled treatments and, in the second and third pasture regeneration years, this led to higher seedling densities than in the no-tillage treatment. The effects of tillage were more marked in the conventional than in the minimum-tillage treatment. Clover establishment was improved by repeat tillage operations which returned some of the buried seeds closer to the soil surface. Although more seedlings overall were obtained from the no-tillage treatment, the disadvantage of fewer seedlings in the tilled treatments was offset by the spread of seedling establishment over a number of pasture years. This spread, which would be more marked with harder-seeded cultivars, could be desirable in environments in which clover seed production is unreliable.

The long term effects of rotation, tillage and stubble management on soil mineral nitrogen supply to wheat

Soil Research ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 977 ◽  
Author(s):  
DP Heenan ◽  
KY Chan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Percent Recovery ◽  
Direct Drilling

Wheat was grown as a monoculture or in rotation with lupin or subterranean clover in a long-term rotation, stubble and tillage experiment established in 1979, on a red earth (Gn 2 . 12) at Wagga Wagga, N.S.W. The effect of rotation, tillage and stubble management on the supply of soil nitrogen, and amounts leached were studied by in situ sequential soil sampling during the wheat phase of the rotation in years 10 and 11. Of the rotations, grazed subterranean clover-wheat accumulated higher mineral nitrogen levels during the wheat phase than a lupin-wheat rotation, which in turn produced higher levels than wheat-wheat. The mean seasonal total of net soil nitrogen mineralized (0-15 cm) was 239 kg N ha-1 for subterranean clover-wheat, 165 kg N ha-1 for lupin-wheat and 99.5 kg N ha-1 for wheat-wheat. In a lupin-wheat rotation, retention of stubble increased the net amount of nitrogen mineralized in both seasons. Direct drilling also increased net mineralization in 1990 but the results were inconsistent in 1989. Losses from the surface 15 cm were closely related to the amounts mineralized, with the highest recorded in subterranean clover-wheat rotations. Percent recovery of soil mineralized nitrogen by the above-ground wheat crop following lupin ranged from 57% to 83%, with both direct drilling and stubble retention reducing recovery. While total plant uptake of nitrogen in a wheat-wheat rotation was low, percent recovery was high (77%), compared with that in a subterranean clover-wheat rotation (60%).

Effect of tillage and stubble management on soil water storage, crop growth and yield in a wheat-lupin rotation in southern NSW

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
KY Chan ◽  
DP Heenan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Deep Drainage ◽  
Direct Drilling

The effects of tillage (conventional tillage v. direct drilling) and stubble management (stubble retained v. stubble burnt) on soil water storage, growth and yield of wheat were assessed over two seasons (1989-1990) in a wheat-lupin rotation on a red earth at Wagga Wagga, NSW. Soil water storage and efficiency of water use were different for the two seasons. Both direct drilling and stubble retention maintained the soil surface (0-0.1 m) at higher water content at sowing time. However, their effectiveness in increasing soil water storage at sowing was evident only in the 1990 season which, with average rainfall during the summer fallow, was drier than 1989. Average wheat grain yield was similar (4.02 v. 4.08 t/ha) for the two seasons even though the 1989 season had 245 mm more rain, the difference mainly occurring in March-April. Most of the excess water in seasons like 1989 was likely to have been lost by deep drainage, with implications for leaching of soluble nutrients, increasing subsoil acidity and rising watertables. Poor early growth of wheat when the stubble was retained and the crops direct drilled was season dependent. It was observed in the wheat crop only in the 1989 season which had a wet autumn. In that season, poor early growth which resulted in a significant yield reduction of 0.5 t/ha was associated with reduced water extraction before anthesis despite the availability of adequate soil water. No corresponding differences in growth and yield were observed for the lupin crop.

scholarly journals Significance of Plant Growth Regulators (PGR’s) on the Growth and Yield of Wheat Crop

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nasir ◽  
Muhammad Ameen Ahmad ◽  
Shabbir Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Ismaeel
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop

Effect of different direct drilling and conventional sowing techniques on soil strength, root growth and grain yield of wheat on sandplain soils in Western Australia

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 547 ◽  
Author(s):  
CP Schmidt ◽  
RK Belford ◽  
D Tennant
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Direct Drilling

Experiments were conducted to compare different direct drilling and conventional sowing techniques, and describe the effects of these techniques on soil strength, root growth and grain yield of wheat on sandplain soils in the northern wheat-belt of Western Australia. Soil strength was identified as a critical factor affecting root growth; increasing the depth of soil loosening beneath seeding depth with a modified direct drill reduced soil strength relative to that found in the traditional direct drill treatments, and increased rooting density beyond the 10 cm soil depth. As loosening depth increased, there were increases in both shoot growth and grain yields, and water use efficiency also improved. Maximizing the depth of soil disturbance by deep ripping after sowing resulted in the highest grain yields, but the time and cost penalties associated with this tillage operation are substantial and likely to deter its routine use. Modifying a direct drill to loosen soil beneath sowing depth therefore combined the advantages of conventional direct drilling (timeliness, moisture conservation and lower risk of erosion), with those obtained by sowing after cultivation (improved root growth and yield) without the yield penalties associated either with direct drilling or delayed sowing on these soils.

Grain yield production in relation to plant growth of wheat and canola following clover pastures in southern Victoria

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Zhang ◽  
P. M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Yield Production

The plant growth and grain yield of crops following a pasture phase in 1:1 pasture–crop rotations were studied in southern Victoria in 2001 (wheat and canola at Hamilton, and wheat at Streatham and Gnarwarre). Both the wheat and canola crops produced high grain yields with no application of nitrogen fertiliser. In experiment 1 (at Hamilton) where the crops were dependent on nitrogen input from subterranean clover pasture, canola produced 4.1 t/ha of grain and wheat averaged 6.0 t/ha. The 3 canola cultivars (Charlton, Mystic and Surpass 400) had similar grain yields. However, for wheat, the late-maturing spring wheat cv. Kellalac and the early-maturing spring wheat cv. Silverstar produced significantly higher grain yields (6.6 and 6.3 t/ha, respectively) than the late-maturing winter cv. Brennan (5.0 t/ha). The 3 cultivars of each crop differed markedly in their major yield components. The most striking differences were those shown by Silverstar, which had the highest yield, together with Kellalac, but had lower biomass and lower leaf area index than the 2 late-maturing wheats. Silverstar compensated by having 50% more grains per head than the late-maturing Brennan. While Silverstar flowered on average 34 days earlier than the 2 other wheats, it took some 3 weeks longer to mature after anthesis. In experiment 2, the wheat crop (cv. Silverstar) produced grain yields of 5.4 t/ha over 6 different treatments, with higher grain yields at Streatham (6.1 t/ha) than at Gnarwarre (4.7 t/ha). Across the 2 sites, the grain yields following clovers reached over 5.7 t/ha, in contrast with low grain yields from the continuous crop (3.7 t/ha) and fallow/crop treatments (3.7 t/ha). Grain yields were closely related to the herbage dry matter production of previous pasture legumes, indicating a positive crop response. This may, in turn, reflect the nutrient status of the treatments, particularly the nitrogen status.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document