Supplementation to improve the production of yearling steers grazing poor quality forage. 2. The effects of oats, supplementary nitrogen, lupins and cottonseed meal

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
GH Smith ◽  
B Warren
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
Significant Inverse Relationship ◽  
Isobutylidene Diurea

Four supplements were compared in an experiment in which yearling Hereford steers were grazed on mature annual pasture for 84 days and fed, at levels of 0, 300, 600 and 900 g/steer.day, supplements of pelleted cottonseed meal, lupins, oats + isobutylidene diurea (IBDU) or oats alone. The supplements increased growth rates from - 2 14 (no supplement) to 321, 119, 47 and 47 g/steer.day respectively (900 g/ steer.day). The cottonseed meal supplement produced significantly better growth rates than the other three supplements, the responses to which did not differ significantly. During a period of 111 days after supplementation, when all steers were lot-fed as one group prior to slaughter, there was substantial, but not complete compensatory growth and a significant inverse relationship between growth during supplementary feeding and growth during the next 111 days. There were, however, no significant differences in growth during lot-feeding, carcass weights, dressing percentages or carcass fatness associated with the previous supplementary feeding treatments. The effects of five different supplements (including the four mentioned above) on the intake of a poor quality roughage by weaner lambs were compared in a preliminary pen-feeding experiment. The supplements (pelleted cottonseed meal, lupins, oats + IBDU, oats + urea, and oats alone) significantly improved roughage consumption by 26-49%. There were no significant differences between supplements.

The growth and yield of tall and short sorghums in Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Goldsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Short Season

SUMMARYA Nigerian, long-season, sorghum produced 15 tons of dry matter/acre in about 155 days, but the grain yield was small (2000 lb/acre or 2242 kg/ha) because only part of the dry matter formed after heading went into the grain. In contrast, an American, short-season hybrid which formed only from one-half to one-third as much dry weight as Farafara, gave over 4000 lb of grain/acre (4484 kg/ha) in 100 days. A Nigerian sorghum of intermediate height and a long-season hybrid, produced by crosses between Nigerian varieties and an American, short-season sorghum, gave larger yields than the tall variety because they formed more heads/unit area and more grains/head.Crop growth rates of the three long-season sorghums sown in June increased to a peak in July, but declined sharply to very small values in September, and then increased again very rapidly at the end of September as heads emerged. The most important factors causing the decline were a decrease in radiation and a loss in dry weight from decay and detachment of dead leaves. An increase in radiation at the end of September and developmental changes associated with head emergence contributed to the increase in growth rates just before heading.A large proportion of the dry weight formed after heading in Farafara accumulated in the stem but a smaller proportion in the other long-season variety and the longseason hybrid. There was an inverse relationship between the increase in stem weight and the yield of grain. For large grain yields, sorghums are needed that will produce heads with sufficient grains to accommodate all the assimilate that the leaves produce at the end of the rains when crop growth rates are increasing.

scholarly journals Macronutrient Quality and All-Cause Mortality in the SUN Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 972
Author(s):  
Susana Santiago ◽  
Itziar Zazpe ◽  
Cesar I. Fernandez-Lazaro ◽  
Víctor de la de la O ◽  
Maira Bes-Rastrollo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Significant Inverse Relationship ◽  
Carbohydrate Quality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
The Relationship

No previous study has assessed the relationship between overall macronutrient quality and all-cause mortality. We aimed to prospectively examine the association between a multidimensional macronutrient quality index (MQI) and all-cause mortality in the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) (University of Navarra Follow-Up) study, a Mediterranean cohort of middle-aged adults. Dietary intake information was obtained from a validated 136-item semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. We calculated the MQI (categorized in quartiles) based on three quality indexes: the carbohydrate quality index (CQI), the fat quality index (FQI), and the healthy plate protein source quality index (HPPQI). Among 19,083 participants (mean age 38.4, 59.9% female), 440 deaths from all causes were observed during a median follow-up of 12.2 years (IQR, 8.3–14.9). No significant association was found between the MQI and mortality risk with multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the highest vs. the lowest quartile of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.59–1.06; Ptrend = 0.199). The CQI was the only component of the MQI associated with mortality showing a significant inverse relationship, with HR between extreme quartiles of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.45–0.90; Ptrend = 0.021). In this Mediterranean cohort, a new and multidimensional MQI defined a priori was not associated with all-cause mortality. Among its three sub-indexes, only the CQI showed a significant inverse relationship with the risk of all-cause mortality.

The effect of exposure to conspecifics on restlessness in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 678-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.H. King
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

AbstractWhen habitat quality is variable, there should be strong selection for the ability to detect and respond to the variation. Adult females of the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) are known to increase their restlessness (the proportion of time in locomotion) both during and after exposure to a poor quality host. Doing so provides a mechanism for leaving a poor host and potentially finding a better host. This study examined whether restlessness also changes in response to competition as indicated by the presence of adult conspecifics. Both restlessness and the probability of dispersing across an inhospitable environment were greater when a female was with another female than when she was alone. However, restlessness did not remain elevated after the other female was removed. In contrast with females, restlessness of males did not increase either during or after exposure to other males, and the probability of dispersing across an inhospitable environment was unaffected by the presence of another male. The difference between females and males may be related to differences in dispersal ability and in the abundance and distribution of hosts versus mates.

Supplementary feeding of Merino wethers grazing weed-free stubble pastures

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (110) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
LG Butler
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Wheat Stubble

A field trial was conducted in the Wimmera region of Victoria to investigate the effect of several supplements on 4-year-old Merino wethers grazing a weed-free wheat stubble for 3 months, The four treatments were: a control (no supplement), urea/molasses block, 100 g/head day-1 of lupin grain, and 2 g urea plus 0.5 g Na2SO4 l-1 in the drinking water. Twenty sheep per treatment were used, and liveweight change and wool growth were measured. Although all groups lost weight, the lupin group lost only 0.5 kg per head over the 3 months of the trial, and was 3.8 kg heavier (P <0.01) than the control group, while the urea/molasses group was 2.2 kg heavier (P <0.01) than the control group. There was no effect of the urea plus sulfur supplement in the drinking water on liveweight or wool production. The urea/molasses block did not affect wool production but lupin grain stimulated wool production by 0.08 kg (P <0.05). The sheep were weighed and shorn four and a half months after the trial (August), during which time all groups grazed together on green feed. The experimental liveweight differences had disappeared, apparently due to compensatory growth. In addition, a digestibility trial was conducted in an attempt to explain some of the field results. The treatments were designed to simulate those used in the field. Lupin grain stimulated intake by 129 g day-1 (P <0.05) but had no effect on apparent digestibility of straw. The treatment simulating the urea/ molasses block (urea plus sulfur plus sucrose in the drinking water) stimulated intake by 159 g day-l (P <0.05) and tended to increase digestibility (P > 0.05). It was concluded that supplementary feeding of Merino wethers grazing weed-free stubble is unlikely to be an economic farm practice.

Voluntary intake, digestibility and rate of passage of a hay and a silage fed to horses and to cattle

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 164-164
Author(s):  
B. McLean ◽  
A. Afzalzadeh ◽  
L. Bates ◽  
R.W. Mayes ◽  
F.D.DeB. Hovell
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative Strategy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Adequate Nutrient

It is well established that the intake and digestibility of roughages by ruminants is positively correlated with rate of passage (ARC, 1980), presumably to enable as complete a microbial degradation of the poorer roughages as possible. On the other hand hind gut fermenters such as horses have been thought to have adopted the alternative strategy of using a high rate of passage to ‘cream’ off the rapidly degradable material of poor quality roughages so as to maintain adequate nutrient intakes. Surprisingly, there are remarkably few actual comparisons between ruminants and hindgut fermenters in the literature. Traditionally dried roughages (hay) and cereal and ‘by-product concentrates’ have been used as horse feeds (grains, brans sugar beet pulp). Recently there has been more interest in the use of silages with horses (eg Smoulders and Hobiers, 1988). However the information as to the utilisation of silages by horses is limited.

Family Risk Factors of Alcoholism and Drinking Patterns among Non Alcoholic Women: An Inverse Relationship?

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Vaglum ◽  
Per Vaglum ◽  
Øivind Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Drinking Pattern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Family Risk Factors ◽  
Family Risk ◽  
Alcohol Abusers ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Family Variables

95 non alcoholic female employees were personally interviewed and divided into three drinking pattern groups with an increasing level of alcohol consumption: the traditional feminine drinking group (TF) ( n=28), the new feminine drinking group (NF) ( n=37), and the masculine drinking group (M) ( n=30). The groups were compared on family variables which may be regarded as risk factors of alcoholism. The results show an inverse relationship between family risk factors and consumption level, the TF-group having significantly more risk factors than the other two groups. The TF-women more often came from families where the mother and her parents were abstainers, while the father and his parents were more often alcohol abusers or not abstainers. The TF-women were more often attached to their alcoholic fathers as children, while the M-women were more often attached to their mothers. The choice of drinking pattern may be inversely related to the frequency of family risk factors among non alcoholic women.

Concentrations of glucose, albumin, inorganic phosphate and sodium in the blood of beef calves at 2 ½ months of age and their relationships with subsequent weight gain

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Body Weights

SummaryBlood samples were taken at 9, 10 and 11 weeks of age from 230 male Hereford × Friesian calves, the progeny of 12 Hereford bulls. Concentrations of blood glucose, serum albumin, inorganic phosphate and sodium were measured and correlated with body weights and growth rates until slaughter at 19½ months of age.Correlations between growth rates and glucose concentrations (0·44) and between growth rates and albumin concentrations (0·38) were observed until 4 months of age. Similar correlations between body weights and blood glucose or albumin concentrations persisted until 6 months of age. By 10 months, however, the correlations had begun to decline, and by slaughter they had become insignificant.Correlations between growth rates and inorganic phosphate or sodium concentrations were smaller, and also decreased with age.The effect of hypoglycaemia on growth rate was compared with the effect of enzootic pneumonia. Although the 10% of calves with the lowest glucose concentrations were growing 24% more slowly than the other calves at the time of sampling, this growth depression was not related to pneumonia, and they subsequently made up for most of the early loss of growth.Three blood samples were also taken from 22 Hereford bulls. No significant correlations were observed between the blood composition of the bulls and the body weights or weight gains of their progeny.

Folic acid and vitamin B12 status of vervet monkeys used for nutritional research

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Venter ◽  
H. Cloete ◽  
J. V. Seier ◽  
M. J. Faber ◽  
J. E. Fincham
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Atherogenic Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Plasma and red blood cell (RBC) folic acid levels, as well as plasma vitamin B12 levels were determined in Vervet monkeys ( Cercopithecus aethiops). All the vervets were apparently healthy and without symptoms or lesions typical of folic acid and/or vitamin B12 deficiencies. Competitive protein binding radioassays were used to determine folate and vitamin B12 values in animals fed 4 different diets. The B12 levels for all the groups ranged between 866 and 5867 pg/ml and showed an inverse relationship with the FA measurements. The lowest mean RBC folic acid content in a group fed an atherogenic diet for 3 years was 12·8 ng/ml. For the other 3 diets, mean RBC folic acid levels were 90·7, 132·3 and 152·8 ng/ml, respectively. A megadose of 25·6 mg of folic acid per day for 99 days was given to 3 adult males. No obvious toxic effects were observed in these animals although mean RBC folic acid levels increased to 1013 ng/ml.

scholarly journals A comparison of first-, second- and third-cut timothy silages in the diets of finishing beef bulls

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto Kalevi Huuskonen ◽  
Maiju Pesonen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
The Third ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Vitamin Mixture

The objective of the present experiment was to study the effects of the third-cut grass silage compared with the first- and second-cut silages on intake, performance and carcass characteristics of finishing bulls. A feeding experiment comprised 45 Simmental bulls which were fed a total mixed ration ad libitum. The three dietary treatments included either first-, second- or third-cut grass silage (550 g kg-1 dry matter), rolled barley (435 g kg-1 dry matter) and a mineral-vitamin mixture (15 g kg-1 dry matter). Dry matter and energy intakes and growth rates of the bulls increased when either first- or third-cut silages were used instead of the second-cut silage. This was probably due to differences in digestibility, which was the lowest in the second-cut silage. There were no differences in intake or growth between the first- and third-cut silage-based rations. No significant differences in carcass traits among the feeding treatments were observed.

scholarly journals Media Literasi: Upaya Bijak Menyikapi Terpaan Tayangan Televisi

Humaniora ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Wira Respati
Keyword(s):  
Media Literacy ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Content Selection ◽  
The Media ◽  
Television Media ◽  
Passive Object ◽  
Business Orientation

The television media have transformed into industry. Tight competition among TV stations demands the media people to provide programs based on the market taste. Therefore, mostly TV stations design and produce their programs based on share and rating numbers, instead of quality. On the other side, TV stations have important roles in constructing social and cultural development. Currently, TV programs are merely produced based on the business orientation so that the quality of the TV programs is often ignored. Audience must be wise and smart to protect themselves from poor-quality TV programs exposure. This can be achieved by improving their Media Literacy. In the end, Audience is no longer treated as passive object, but actively takes control on the content selection. 

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