Supplementary feeding of Merino wethers grazing weed-free stubble pastures

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (110) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
LG Butler
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Wheat Stubble

A field trial was conducted in the Wimmera region of Victoria to investigate the effect of several supplements on 4-year-old Merino wethers grazing a weed-free wheat stubble for 3 months, The four treatments were: a control (no supplement), urea/molasses block, 100 g/head day-1 of lupin grain, and 2 g urea plus 0.5 g Na2SO4 l-1 in the drinking water. Twenty sheep per treatment were used, and liveweight change and wool growth were measured. Although all groups lost weight, the lupin group lost only 0.5 kg per head over the 3 months of the trial, and was 3.8 kg heavier (P <0.01) than the control group, while the urea/molasses group was 2.2 kg heavier (P <0.01) than the control group. There was no effect of the urea plus sulfur supplement in the drinking water on liveweight or wool production. The urea/molasses block did not affect wool production but lupin grain stimulated wool production by 0.08 kg (P <0.05). The sheep were weighed and shorn four and a half months after the trial (August), during which time all groups grazed together on green feed. The experimental liveweight differences had disappeared, apparently due to compensatory growth. In addition, a digestibility trial was conducted in an attempt to explain some of the field results. The treatments were designed to simulate those used in the field. Lupin grain stimulated intake by 129 g day-1 (P <0.05) but had no effect on apparent digestibility of straw. The treatment simulating the urea/ molasses block (urea plus sulfur plus sucrose in the drinking water) stimulated intake by 159 g day-l (P <0.05) and tended to increase digestibility (P > 0.05). It was concluded that supplementary feeding of Merino wethers grazing weed-free stubble is unlikely to be an economic farm practice.

Provision of high nitrogen roughage to sheep as a supplement to low nitrogen roughage

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (74) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
GE Robards ◽  
GR Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Poor Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Basal Ration

Three feeding experiments and a digestibility study are reported in which the effects of supplementing low nitrogen roughages with roughages of high nitrogen content were studied. In each feeding experiment the effect of varying the frequency of supplementation was examined. During the first experiment intake of lucerne hay was greater (P < 0.05) than the intake of oaten hay and higher wool growth rates and liveweight changes were recorded. When the oaten and lucerne hays were alternated at intervals of one, two, three or four days, the average intake and rate of liveweight change was intermediate between the two previous levels, but the rate of wool production was similar to when lucerne hay was offered alone. There were no differences in total intake, clean wool production or liveweight change due to the frequency with which the two rations were alternated. The second experiment involved the feeding of a fixed quantity of lucerne hay with a. five times as much oaten hay or b. ad libitum oaten hay. The lucerne hay was given daily and every second, fourth and eighth days, and there was an unsupplemented control group. During the restricted feeding period frequent supplementation resulted in higher liveweight gain but there was no effect on wool growth. When oaten hay was provided ad libitum the poor response to supplementation and the large variation in intake within groups resulted in no significant differences in wool production or liveweight change between groups. The results of the third experiment indicate that the digestibility or degree of lignification of the basal ration affects the likelihood of a response to supplementation. It was shown that frequent supplementation of pasture hay resulted in higher intake, liveweight and wool production. On the other hand, substitute feeding with little change in animal production occurred when lucerne hay was offered to similar sheep consuming a basal ration of oaten hay which had a higher level of fibre and a lower in vitro digestibility than the pasture hay.

Studies of wool growth responses to 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid, Alimet, an analogue of methionine

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
RGA Stephenson ◽  
GR Suter ◽  
DA Pritchard ◽  
MDJ Martin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Dry Seasons

An analogue of DL-methionine, Alimet, was evaluated for its commercial potential for increasing wool growth in Merino sheep in pen and grazing experiments. This was done by administering Alimet as a drench, in drinking water, or via rumen or abomasal fistula, and measuring wool growth rate and plasma methionine concentrations. In vivo data indicated that significant wool growth responses (23-35%) to Alimet as a drench or in drinking water occurred at low rates (estimated 5-6 g/sheep.day) of basal wool production when sheep were fed a lucerne diet to maintain liveweight. At higher rates of clean wool growth (10-12 g/sheep.day) when sheep were eating above-maintenance diets (lucerne ration or pasture), Alimet treatment was associated with variable and reduced response. A significant (P<0.05) negative correlation (r2 = 0.699, n = 11) between wool growth responses (x � s.d. = 0.11 � 0.067) to the 3 mL dose rate of Alimet and wool growth in control treatments (y �: s.d. = 0.70 � 0.202) confirmed the above trend. Four hours after administration of Alimet via either rumen or abomasal fistula, comparative plasma concentrations of methionine, 28 and 168 �mol/L respectively, suggest that Alimet is susceptible to degradation in the rumen. The corresponding values for DL-methionine, via either rumen or abomasal fistula, were 64 and 350 �mol/L, respectively. The small rises (40%) in plasma methionine values associated with significant increases in wool production indicate that a dose of 3 mL is as effective as 4 mL of Alimet when the basal nutritional regime is limiting. While administration of Alimet in drinking water during dry seasons is possible, the profitability of supplementation would need to be tested further.

Supplementary feeding pattern and rate of liveweight gain in winter-spring affect wool production of young Merino sheep on the south coast of Western Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
PT Doyle ◽  
TW Plaisted ◽  
RA Love
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Staple Strength ◽  
Stocking Rates

The effects of different supplementary feeding practices in summer-autumn and management strategies on green pasture on liveweight change, wool growth rate, annual wool production and wool characteristics of young Merino wethers were examined at 2 farms. The grain feeding treatments were lupins (L) or lupins and oats (LO) fed in amounts that were adjusted to try and maintain liveweight, or lupins and oats (LOG) fed at a higher rate. The objectives of liveweight maintenance or gain were not always achieved, but liveweight patterns differed between LOG compared with L or LO during summer-autumn. The sheep used at farm 1 were aged 4.5 months and liveweight 32 kg at the start of the experiment, while those at farm 2 were 6.5 months and liveweight 39 kg. The stocking rate in summer-autumn was 8 wethers/ha at both farms. During supplementation, sheep on LOG had a higher (P<0.05) liveweight change compared with those on L or LO (farm 1, 15 v. -8 g/sheep. day; farm 2, -35 v. -51 g/sheep. day) and clean wool growth rates (farm 1, 7.1 v. 6.4 g/sheep. day; farm 2, 5.1 v. 4.8 g/sheep.day). The sheep on LOG grew broader (P<0.05) wool than those on L or LO (farm 1, 19.0 v. 18.5 �m; farm 2, 21.7 v. 20.8 �m), and at farm 1 length was also greater (P<0.05) (114 v. 111 mm), while at farm 2 staple strength was greater (P<0.01) (22.9 v. 16.4 N/ktex). There were no significant differences in annual clean wool production. There were positive (P<0.01) relationships between staple strength and liveweight change to the time of minimum liveweight in summer-autumn. After green pasture on offer reached 500 kg DM/ha in autumn, different liveweight change patterns were achieved in 2 groups (LS, lower stocking rates; HS, higher stocking rates) of sheep at each farm by adjusting stocking rates. Within a farm, the LS and HS groups were comprised of equal numbers of sheep from each replicate of the supplementary feeding treatments. There were differences (P<0.05 to 0.01) in liveweight change between LS and HS (farm 1, 93 v. 72 g/day; farm 2, 127 v. 60 g/day), the differences being more pronounced at farm 2. The differential stocking rates at farm 2 resulted in differences in clean wool growth rates (P<0.01), in clean wool production (4.22 v. 4.53 kg, P<0.05), and fibre diameter (20.8 v. 21.4 �m, P<0.01), but there were no significant effects on staple length or strength. There were no significant effects of the supplementary feeding treatments imposed in summer-autumn on the responses to the stocking rate treatments on green pasture.

The effect of oral administration of methionine, bentonite, methionine/bentonite and methionine/oil homogenates on wool production of grazing and penned sheep in a semi-arid tropical environment

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
DH Cobon ◽  
RGA Stephenson ◽  
PS Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Factorial Analysis ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Semi Arid

Penned and grazing sheep were supplemented in 3 experiments with either methionine (Me 2.5 g/sheep.day), bentonite (Bent 5 or 10 g), Me + Bent (1 : 2 and 1 : 4) or Me/oil homogenates. These supplements were added to the drinking water or in molasses-based licks for treatment periods of 4-6 weeks duration. The effects of supplements on wool growth, liveweight, and ammonia concentration in rumen liquor were determined. In experiment 1, penned sheep fed a maintenance diet (750 g/sheep.day) of pelleted lucerne and supplemented via the drinking water, showed increased (P<0.05) mean wool growth for the 4 treatment periods of 31% (Me + bent), 16% (Bent), 18% (Me/tallow) and 21% (Me). Factorial analysis revealed main effects of 12% for bentonite (P<0.05) and 17% for Me (P<0.01) supplements. In experiment 2, grazing sheep supplemented via the drinking water, increased (P<0.01) wool growth over 5 treatment periods by up to 32% (Me + bent), 15% (Bent), 20% (Me) and 26% (Me/oil). In experiment 3, penned sheep fed a maintenance diet of pelleted lucerne were supplemented with molasses licks containing Me, Bent, or Me + bent, mixed using either artesian bore water or rain water. No individual treatment effect on wool growth was recorded. However, factorial analysis revealed an 18% wool growth advantage (P<0.05) for bentonite supplements mixed in artesian bore water. Treatment had no consistent effect on liveweight of sheep or level of ammonia in rumen liquor. Responses in wool production to supplements were greatest when rumen ammonia values were >5 mg%. Considerable variation in apparent wool response occurred between treatments and treatment periods for both bentonite and methionine supplements. The greatest responses to methionine supplements occurred in experiments 1 and 2 when basal wool production in the control treatments was lowest. The homogenisation procedures used to prepare Me/oil supplements, did not demonstrate any consistent advantages in terms of extra wool response.

Mineral supplementation and wool production of young Merino sheep on the south coast of Western Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
PT Doyle ◽  
RA Love ◽  
TW Plaisted
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Average Fibre Diameter ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Average Fibre ◽  
Staple Strength ◽  
Mineral Lick

Wool-free liveweight change (LWC), wool growth rate, annual wool production, and wool characteristics of young Merino wethers fed supplements of lupins with gypsum or a multi-element mineral lick were examined in 12 experiments at 5 farms between 1989 and 1992. The source of sheep varied between experiments; age was 4.5-6.5 months and liveweight 28-37 kg at the beginning of supplementation. Sheep were fed lupins, lupins coated with gypsum (15-20 g/kg lupins), or lupins along with access to the mineral lick (offered at 140 g/sheep.week). The amount of lupins offered in all treatments within any experiment was the same. Supplementary feeding varied between experiments from 150 to 240 days. The sheep grazed annual pastures at stocking rates of 8-1 6.7ha. Average lick intake was 12-18 g/sheep. day. During supplementary feeding, there was considerable variation in LWC (-80 to +110 g/day) and clean wool growth rates (3.8-15.1 g/day) within and between experiments. However, there was no significant positive effect of gypsum or mineral lick supplementation on LWC or clean wool growth rates during or after supplementary feeding in any experiment. There were positive (P<0.01) relationships between LWC and clean wool growth rates during supplementation. Also, for some spring-shorn sheep types, staple strength of wool was linearly related (P<0.01) to LWC in the period before the position of break in the wool staple. Annual wool production, average fibre diameter, and staple strength of midside wool were not significantly increased by supplements of gypsum or mineral lick in any experiment.

Effects of added 30 mg fluoride/1 drinking water given to pregnant ewes and their lambs upon physiology and wool growth

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally M. Wheeler ◽  
T. B. Brock ◽  
D. Teasdale
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Serum Phosphate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Fleece Weight

SUMMARYTwo groups of pregnant ewes were given either 1 (control) or 31 (treatment) mg fluoride/1 drinking water. Weekly blood samples were tested for serum fluoride, haematocrit, T3, T4, cortisol, calcium and magnesium. At parturition, serum fluoride was measured in both ewes and lambs. Later, parallel blood and milk samples were taken from ewes and measured for fluoride. Weekly blood samples from the lambs were measured for the same variables, as well as serum phosphate, body weight, bone fluoride and wool production. Serum fluoride in control ewes ranged from 0·6 to 1·9 μmol/1 and in treatment ewes from 8·7 to 35·4/ μmol/1. At birth, serum fluoride of control lambs averaged 0·50 ± 0·042 μmol/1 and of treatment lambs 1·72 ± 0·167 μmol/1. In milk from the control group mean fluoride concentration was 7·11 ± 0·403 μmol/1, and from the treatment group 22·0 ± 1·48 μmol/1. No differences in haematocrit T3, T4, cortisol, calcium or magnesium of ewes were apparent during pregnancy. At birth, body weight of the treatment group lambs was reduced, and T3, calcium and magnesium increased. At 3–4 weeks mean bone fluoride of lambs was higher in the treatment group (580 ± 117 mg/kg) than the control group (105 ± 26·9 mg/kg). After 7 weeks there was an upward trend in serum phosphate of treated lambs, and their wool production (clean fleece weight) at 17 weeks was reduced by 18%, primarily because of decreased staple length.

Studies on the supplementary feeding of sheep consuming mulga (Acacia aneura). 5. The effect of cobalt and cottonseed meal supplementation

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (111) ◽  
pp. 404 ◽  
Author(s):  
NP McMeniman ◽  
DR Niven ◽  
D Crowther ◽  
RJW Gartner ◽  
GM Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Acacia Aneura ◽  
Sulfur Balance

In the first experiment designed to identify the deficiencies in mulga leaves, four groups of sheep were fed mulga and offered one of the following supplements; cobalt, sulfur, cobalt plus sulfur, and molasses. A fifth group acted as a control. All sheep received a phosphorus supplement. The cobalt supplement had no beneficial effect on liveweight or clean wool production. In contrast, the sulfur and molasses supplements significantly improved liveweight gain, clean wool production and sulfur balance. The liveweight and wool growth responses were more than twice as large in the sheep receiving a molasses supplement as in those receiving sulfur. In a second experiment, three groups of sheep on a diet of mulga leaves were supplemented with molasses and phosphorus and, in addition, two groups received 50 g/head.d of either formaldehyde treated or untreated cottonseed meal. Both cottonseed meal supplements significantly improved liveweight gain, but formaldehyde treatment of the meal had no additional effect. Under the conditions of the experiment rumen ammonia was a major limiting nutrient.

Supplementary feeding of young Merino sheep, grazing wheat stubble, with different amounts of lupin, oat or barley grain

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Rowe ◽  
G Brown ◽  
IG Ralph ◽  
J Ferguson ◽  
JF Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Supplement Intake

We examined the effect on liveweight change and wool growth of 3 grain supplements: lupins, oats and barley, fed at different levels to grazing Merinos. The animals (approx. 9 months of age, mean weight 29.3 kg) grazed wheat stubble (10 sheep/ha) from January to May and each supplement was fed at 0, 150, 300,450, 600, and 750 g/sheep.day (given twice per week). The digestibility of the stubble was high (stem 45%, leaf 58%) in February and decreased by May (stem 42%, leaf 49%). The unsupplemented animals received no supplementation until 1 May, when they reached a weight of 26.5 kg. The liveweight of the supplemented animals increased in relation to the amount of each supplement given. The conversion (kg supplement fed per kg liveweight gain, was 3.64 for lupins compared with 4.93 and 5.21 for the oats and barley respectively. There was an increase in the clean fleece weight (Y, kg) (November shearing) with increasing levels of each supplement (X, kg grain/sheep.day) described by the following equation; Y= 2.65 + 2.26X- 1,343, but there were no differences associated with the type of grain. As the level of supplement intake increased from 0 to 750 g/day, fibre diameter increased (P< 0.001) from 18.6 to 2 1.1 km, staple length increased (P < 0.01) from 73.5 to 86.7 mm and staple breaking force increased (P<0.05) from 17.4 to 26.1 N/ktex. There was no effect of type of supplement on parameters of wool quality. With all supplements there was an apparent carry-over effect of the summer-autumn feeding on wool growth during the winter period. For each additional 1 g of wool grown during the supplementary feeding period, approximately 1.4 g were measured in the final fleece weight.

Effect of Turmeric and Ginger on Lipid Profile in Male Rats Exposed to Oxidative Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman A. Al-Rekabi ◽  
Dheyaa K. Alomer ◽  
Rana Talib Al-Muswie ◽  
Khalid G. Al-Fartosi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of turmeric and ginger on lipid profile of male rats exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide H2O2 at a concentration of 1% given with consumed drinking water to male rats. Methods: 200 mg/kg from turmeric and ginger were used, and the animals were treatment for 30 days. Results: the results showed a significant increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), whereas it explained a significant decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) of male rats exposed to oxidative stress when compared with control group. the results showed a significant decrease in cholesterol, triglycerides, (LDL), (VLDL), whereas it explained a significant increase in (HDL) of rats treated with turmeric and ginger at dose 200 mg/kg when compared with male rats exposed to oxidative stress.

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