Effects of lupin grain and type of cereal grain on the value of a hay supplement in the diet of lambing ewes during drought

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 766
Author(s):  
PA Kenney
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Fleece Weight

Two flocks of Border Leicester x Merino ewes, due to lamb at different times (early or late winter), were fed drought rations of either wheat or oat grain, with or without lupin grain, and with or without hay, from 2 weeks before to 6 weeks after lambing. All ewes were offered an estimated 8.7 and 14.5 MJ ME/head.day when pregnant and lactating, respectively. Lupins, when included in the diet, replaced 25% of cereal grain ME; and hay replaced 14% and 20% of cereal grain ME for pregnant and lactating ewes, respectively. Treatment rations had no effect on liveweight or condition of the ewes. Effects on lamb birth weights, growth rate to 17 days, numbers weaned, ewe milk production after 29 days lactation and ewe fleece weights were as follows. Feeding oats, in comparison to wheat, improved growth rate (30 g/day), numbers weaned (16 per 100 ewes lambing) and fleece weight (90 g). Feeding lupins improved birth weight (0.2 kg), growth rate (20 g/day), numbers weaned (12 per 100 ewes lambing), milk production (18 ml/h) and fleece weight (70 g). Feeding hay improved growth rate (17 g/day) but decreased fleece weight (160 g). There were no interactions between treatments. Treatment rations did not affect fertility in the year following feeding.

Effect of time of joining and rate of stocking on the production of Corriedale ewes in southern Victoria. 2. Survival and growth of lambs

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (69) ◽  
pp. 434 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Kenney ◽  
IF Davis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Single Birth

A study of the survival and growth of lambs was made over a three year period (1968 to 1970) on a flock of 540 ewes grazing annual pasture at Werribee, Victoria. Ewes were stocked at three rates (5, 7 1/2 and 10 ha-1) and lambed between July 6 and August 20 or between September 10 and October 29 each year. Observations were made on the same ewes each year. Rate of stocking had no effect on the birth weight of lambs but single-birth lambs born in September were lighter than those born in July. More twins were born in September than in July and a smaller proportion of lambs born survived from the September than from the July lambing. Of the lambs born to ewes stocked at 10 ha-1 in 1968 and 1969 a smaller proportion survived than of the lambs born to ewes stocked at 5 ha-1. The growth rate of lambs born in July was constant between birth and weaning at 12 weeks of age but declined as rates of stocking increased. When the lambs born in September were about eight weeks old the pastures matured and growth rates of lambs declined and at weaning liveweights of lambs from plots stocked at different rates were similar. Lambs born in July on plots stocked at 5 and 79 ewes ha-1 were as much as eight kilograms heavier at weaning than the lambs born in September at equivalent rates of stocking. Neither rate nor time of onset of milk production was significantly affected by stocking rate.

Characters of economic importance in Welsh Mountain sheep

1962 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Good Guide ◽  
Fleece Weight

1. The influence of seasonal, maternal and genetic variation on body weight and fleece characters of Welsh Mountain sheep is reported.2. Fertility and rearing ability of ewes improved from first to third lamb crop.3. Male lambs were on average 0·4 lb. heavier at birth than females. Birth weight increased with number of pregnancies of the dam.4. Early growth of the lamb between birth and marking (24 days old) used partly as a measure of milk production of the ewe, was greater in males than in females. Lambs born to older ewes made the greatest gains over this period, although the trend was not significant.5. Weaning weight of the lamb was affected by the dam's weight at tupping, the number of preceeding pregnancies, her milk yield and also by the season in which the lamb was born. Despite these effects weaning weight proved a good guide to the weight (at subsequent matings) at 1½ and 2½ years old.Heritability by intra-sire parent-offspring regression was 0·51±0·07 (P<0·001) and repeatability was 0·43 (P<0·001).6. Fleece weight was not affected by season or age of ewe. However, the heaviest lambs at weaning tended to have heaviest fleeces the following year.Heritability by intra-sire daughter-dam comparison was 0·58±0·11 (P<0·001) and repeatability was 0·46 (P<0·001).7. Staple length measured on the mid-side of the animal had a repeatability between years of 0·56 (P<0·001) while heritability by daughter-dam regression was 0·38±0·ll (P<0·001).8. Fourteen Welsh Mountain rams were progeny tested. Nine of the rams were purchased at local sales and 5 were home bred. They were not selected for the traits examined.No statistically significant differences were obtained between sire progeny groups for weaning weight and fleece weight.

scholarly journals Feeding Tall Fescue Seed Reduces Ewe Milk Production, Lamb Birth Weight and Pre-Weaning Growth Rate

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2291
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Britt ◽  
Maslyn A. Greene ◽  
Sarah A. Wilbanks ◽  
J. Keith Bertrand ◽  
James L. Klotz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Dopamine Agonists ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Treatment Assignment ◽  
Lamb Growth

Endophyte-infected tall fescue (E+) produces ergovaline and ergovalinine, which are mycotoxins that act as dopamine agonists to suppress prolactin and induce vasoconstriction. The experiment was designed as a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial with DRD2 genotype (AA, AG, GG), fescue seed (endophyte-free, E− or endophyte-infected, E+), stage of gestation (MID, d (day) 35–85; LATE, d 86–parturition) and all interactions in the model. Pregnant Suffolk ewes (n = 60) were stratified by genotype and fed E+ or E− seed in a total mixed ration according to treatment assignment. Serum prolactin concentrations were lower (p < 0.05) in ewes fed E+ seed but did not differ by maternal DRD2 genotype or two-way interaction. Lamb birth weight was lower (p < 0.05) in ewes fed E+ seed in last trimester. Pre-weaning growth rate, milk production and total weaning weight was reduced (p < 0.05) in ewes fed E+ fescue seed during MID and LATE gestation. Ingestion of ergovaline/ergovalinine in last trimester reduces lamb birth weight; however, lamb growth rate, milk production and total weaning weight are reduced in all ewes fed E+ during mid and last trimester.

MILK YIELD AND COMPOSITION IN BEEF COWS AND THEIR EFFECT ON COW AND CALF PERFORMANCE IN TWO ENVIRONMENTS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Stage Of Lactation

Relationships of milk yield and composition of 10 specific F1 crosses of beef cows with preweaning growth of their calves and with changes in the weight and subcutaneous fatness of the cows during lactation were examined over 2 yr for a population of 120 cow-calf pairs each year at two climatically distinct locations. The crosses were represented by the Hereford × Angus (HA) and nine crosses produced by mating Charolais (C), Simmental (S), and Limousin (L) sires to cows of Hereford (H), Angus (A), and Shorthorn (N) breeding. Environmental differences were provided by two climatically distinct locations (Brandon, Manitoba; Manyberries, Alberta) with two treatments (drylot confinement, T1; pasture, T2) imposed at each location. Milk was measured at 8-wk intervals commencing 1 June and terminating 1 October (weaning). Cow weight and fat at calving were positively associated (P < 0.0001) at both locations. Weight of the cow at calving was positively associated with average milk yield and calf growth rate at Manyberries (P < 0.0001), but at Brandon the association was positive but not significant (P > 0.05). Weight of cow at calving was positively associated with calf birth weight at Manyberries (P < 0.02). Calf preweaning growth rate was directly related to birth weight (P < 0.009). Calf sex had the expected effect on calf growth rate throughout lactation (M > F) but milk yield of the cow was not influenced by the sex of calf reared. Percentages of the milk constituents (butterfat (BF), solids-not-fat (SNF), protein (PT), declined as milk yield increased but the reduction was significant only for PT (P < 0.0005). Changes in cow weight and subcutaneous fat cover during lactation were inversely related with milk yield, the reductions in weight being significant (P < 0.008) at both locations and the loss of subcutaneous fat cover significant (P < 0.0001) only at Manyberries. Calf growth rate increased as milk yield increased with the largest regression coefficients at each stage of lactation provided by the estimate of average milk production for the complete lactation; however, this difference was not significant (P > 0.05). The statistical model with the covariate average milk production accounted for approximately 58% of the variance for calf gain during the lactation period. The covariate alone contributed 36% of this total R2 value at Brandon and 48% at Manyberries. Simmental cross cows produced the fastest growing calves while HA and L cross cows produced the slowest growing calves at both locations. The highest milk yields were recorded for the S cross cows at both locations while HA cows were lowest at Brandon and LH the lowest at Manyberries. At both locations, the SN cows recorded the lowest values for % BF and % SNF, and the SA cows recorded the highest values for % PT. For % BF and % SNF, the HA cows were the highest at Brandon while at Manyberries, the LH cows recorded the highest values. Average milk yield (AMY) was the best milk production variable explaining variance associated with calf growth. The R2 values were higher at Manyberries than Brandon and the R2 values decreased as the lactation season progressed. The addition of any of the milk constituent variables added little to the R2 values for AMY. Key words: Milk yield, milk composition, calf growth, cow weight change, cow subcutaneous fat change

Effects of including lupins with cereal grain rations on the production of lambing ewes during drought

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Kenney ◽  
RS Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Major Response ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Simulated Drought ◽  
Lamb Survival ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Lamb Growth

In this experiment, 520 Border Leicester x Merino ewes 2 or 6 years of age and pregnant to Dorset Horn rams were held under simulated drought conditions and fed drought rations. Similar weights of oats or wheat with 0, 15, 30, 45 or 60% lupin grain were fed from 2 weeks before till 9 weeks after lambing, in 1979. Mean improvement in production as a result of including lupins in diets was 3 kg in liveweight of ewes, 6% (per ewe lambing) in ewe survival, 24% (per lamb born) in lamb survival, 41 g/day in lamb growth rate and 0.3 kg in ewe greasy fleece weight. The major response was to the increase in proportion of lupins from 0 to 15%. Type of cereal grain did not affect these responses. Wool from all treatments except oats alone was weakest in the first 4 weeks after lambing. Wool from 4% of ewes fed wheat alone was down-graded because of the ease with which staples broke under tension. The total number of lambs born in 1980 was not affected by previous treatment, even though ewes previously fed oats in 1979 had more twins than those fed wheat and the previous feeding of lupins decreased the number of ewes bearing single lambs.

scholarly journals Combined Analyses of Data From Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping Studies: Chromosome 4 Effects on Porcine Growth and Fatness

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 1369-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant A Walling ◽  
Peter M Visscher ◽  
Leif Andersson ◽  
Max F Rothschild ◽  
Lizhen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
European Wild Boar ◽  
Mapping Populations ◽  
Combined Data

Abstract For many species several similar QTL mapping populations have been produced and analyzed independently. Joint analysis of such data could be used to increase power to detect QTL and evaluate population differences. In this study, data were collated on almost 3000 pigs from seven different F2 crosses between Western commercial breeds and either the European wild boar or the Chinese Meishan breed. Genotypes were available for 31 markers on chromosome 4 (on average 8.3 markers per population). Data from three traits common to all populations (birth weight, mean backfat depth at slaughter or end of test, and growth rate from birth to slaughter or end of test) were analyzed for individual populations and jointly. A QTL influencing birth weight was detected in one individual population and in the combined data, with no significant interaction of the QTL effect with population. A QTL affecting backfat that had a significantly greater effect in wild boar than in Meishan crosses was detected. Some evidence for a QTL affecting growth rate was detected in all populations, with no significant differences between populations. This study is the largest F2 QTL analysis achieved in a livestock species and demonstrates the potential of joint analysis.

scholarly journals 27 Defining a robust sow: swine nutrition perspective on reproduction and lactation

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 13-13
Author(s):  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Embryo Survival

Abstract Improvements in modern sow prolificacy have markedly increased the number of pigs weaned, thus the ability of sows to provide nutrients to support fetal growth and milk production has been enhanced. The goals of the gestation nutrition program consist of meeting the nutrient requirements for maintenance and growth and for adequate conceptus development, while managing body condition. Early gestation represents the best opportunity for replenishing body reserves, whereas in late gestation, both estimated protein deposition and energy requirement are exponentially increased and directed towards fetal growth and mammary development. Increased feed intake after breeding has been presumed to be detrimental to embryo survival; however, data with modern line sows demonstrates to feed thin sows to recover body condition as quickly as possible while avoiding feed deprivation immediately after breeding. Importance of body condition scoring remains unchanged: feed thin sows to bring back to adequate body condition and prevent over-conditioned sows at farrowing. A recent meta-analysis showed increasing late gestation feed intake seems to modestly improve piglet birth weight by 28 g per piglet in gilts and sows. Also, recent findings in gestating sows suggest modern genotypes have improved feed efficiency and propensity for growth. Therefore, increasing energy intake during late gestation has a modest effect on piglet birth weight and a negative effect on stillborn rate. Historically, lactation catabolism impacted subsequent reproductive performance of sows, particularly in first-parity. However, contemporary sows appear to be increasingly resistant to the negative effects of lactational catabolism. Even so, continued emphasis on maximizing lactation feed intake is critical to support milk production and prevent excessive lean tissue mobilization. Research data suggests that ad libitum feeding and offering lactation diets during the wean-to-estrus interval is not needed. Modern genetic sow lines appear to be more robust from a nutritional perspective than in the past.

PSXII-28 Effects of the nutritional plane before and after breeding on performance of different hair sheep breeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 489-490
Author(s):  
Farida Belkasmi ◽  
Raquel V Lourencon ◽  
Ryszard Puchala ◽  
Terry A Gipson ◽  
Luana Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Hair Sheep ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Female hair sheep, 27 Dorper (DOR), 41 Katahdin (KAT), and 39 St. Croix (STC), were used to determine influences of nutritional planes before and after breeding on performance. There were 35 multiparous and 72 primiparous sheep, the latter 2.8±0.20 yr of age. Wheat straw [4% crude protein; dry matter (DM) basis] was consumed ad libitum and supplemented with approximately 0.25% initial body weight (BW) of soybean meal (SBM; Low) or a 1:3 mixture of SBM and rolled corn at 1% BW (High; DM). The supplementation period was 162 d, and with breeding of animals in 2 groups sequentially the pre-breeding period was 84 and 97 d and that after breeding began was 78 and 65 d. Wheat straw DM intake (1.75, 1.30, 1.57, 1.15, 1.80, and 1.38% BW; SEM=0.112), average daily gain (-46, 42, -44, 70, -47, and 51 g; SEM=7.3), and change in body condition score (-0.61, 0.36, -0.53, 0.27, -0.39, and -0.18 for DOR-Low, DOR-High, KAT-Low, KAT-High, STC-Low, and STC-High, respectively; SEM=0.058) were influenced (P &lt; 0.05) by supplement treatment. Birth rate (66.7, 93.5, 84.6, 95.5, 82.8, and 100.0; SEM=9.83) and individual lamb birth weight (4.50, 4.61, 4.28, 3.98, 3.73, and 3.88 kg; SEM=0.201) were not affected by supplement treatment (P = 0.063 and 0.787, respectively), although litter size (0.92, 1.21, 1.17, 1.86, 1.12, and 1.82; SEM=0.221) and total litter birth weight (5.84, 5.74, 5.92, 7.52, 5.04, and 6.78 kg for DOR-Low, DOR-High, KAT-Low, KAT-High, STC-Low, and STC-High, respectively; SEM=0.529) were greater (P &lt; 0.05) for High than for Low. In conclusion, although there was some compensation in wheat straw intake for the different levels of supplementation, SBM given alone rather than with cereal grain adversely affected body weight and condition and reproductive performance, the latter primarily through litter size but also via a trend for an effect on birth rate.

Gestation length, birth weight and growth rates of pure-bred indigenous goats and their crosses in Kenya

1988 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ruvuna ◽  
T. C. Cartwright ◽  
H. Blackburn ◽  
M. Okeyo ◽  
S. Chema
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
East African ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Indigenous Goats

SummaryData on gestation period of 701 indigenous East African and Galla does and pre- and postweaning growth of 810 pure-bred and cross-bred kids were analysed by least squares statistical analysis. Breeds of kids were East African, Galla, Toggenburg × East African, Toggenburg × Galla, Anglo-Nubian × East African and Anglo-Nubian × Galla. Average gestation length was 149 days and was significantly (P < 0·05) affected by type of birth of the kid, year–month of kidding, and age of dam. Does carrying twins had shorter gestation length than does carrying singles. Sex and breed of kid did not have significant effect on gestation length.Significant (P < 0·05) factors affecting birth weight, weight at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 210 and 270 days of age, and preweaning growth rate were breed and sex of kid, type of birth, year–month and age of dam. Male kids grew faster and were heavier than females. Kids born single were heavier and grew faster than twin-born kids. Kids from dams less than 3 years old weighed less than kids from older dams. Cross-bred kids had higher preweaning growth rates than indigenous pure-bred kids. The Anglo-Nubian × Galla cross was heaviest while the East African ranked lowest. The results point to importance of cross-breeding with temperate breeds to increase growth rates of indigenous goats. Comparison of Toggenburg and Anglo-Nubian sires for cross-breeding showed both buck breeds produced kids with roughly equal growth rates. Evaluation of indigenous Galla and East African dams for cross-breeding showed Galla dams produced heavier kids than East African but preweaning growth rates were not significantly different.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document