scholarly journals Feeding Tall Fescue Seed Reduces Ewe Milk Production, Lamb Birth Weight and Pre-Weaning Growth Rate

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2291
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Britt ◽  
Maslyn A. Greene ◽  
Sarah A. Wilbanks ◽  
J. Keith Bertrand ◽  
James L. Klotz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Dopamine Agonists ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Treatment Assignment ◽  
Lamb Growth

Endophyte-infected tall fescue (E+) produces ergovaline and ergovalinine, which are mycotoxins that act as dopamine agonists to suppress prolactin and induce vasoconstriction. The experiment was designed as a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial with DRD2 genotype (AA, AG, GG), fescue seed (endophyte-free, E− or endophyte-infected, E+), stage of gestation (MID, d (day) 35–85; LATE, d 86–parturition) and all interactions in the model. Pregnant Suffolk ewes (n = 60) were stratified by genotype and fed E+ or E− seed in a total mixed ration according to treatment assignment. Serum prolactin concentrations were lower (p < 0.05) in ewes fed E+ seed but did not differ by maternal DRD2 genotype or two-way interaction. Lamb birth weight was lower (p < 0.05) in ewes fed E+ seed in last trimester. Pre-weaning growth rate, milk production and total weaning weight was reduced (p < 0.05) in ewes fed E+ fescue seed during MID and LATE gestation. Ingestion of ergovaline/ergovalinine in last trimester reduces lamb birth weight; however, lamb growth rate, milk production and total weaning weight are reduced in all ewes fed E+ during mid and last trimester.

scholarly journals 27 Defining a robust sow: swine nutrition perspective on reproduction and lactation

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 13-13
Author(s):  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Embryo Survival

Abstract Improvements in modern sow prolificacy have markedly increased the number of pigs weaned, thus the ability of sows to provide nutrients to support fetal growth and milk production has been enhanced. The goals of the gestation nutrition program consist of meeting the nutrient requirements for maintenance and growth and for adequate conceptus development, while managing body condition. Early gestation represents the best opportunity for replenishing body reserves, whereas in late gestation, both estimated protein deposition and energy requirement are exponentially increased and directed towards fetal growth and mammary development. Increased feed intake after breeding has been presumed to be detrimental to embryo survival; however, data with modern line sows demonstrates to feed thin sows to recover body condition as quickly as possible while avoiding feed deprivation immediately after breeding. Importance of body condition scoring remains unchanged: feed thin sows to bring back to adequate body condition and prevent over-conditioned sows at farrowing. A recent meta-analysis showed increasing late gestation feed intake seems to modestly improve piglet birth weight by 28 g per piglet in gilts and sows. Also, recent findings in gestating sows suggest modern genotypes have improved feed efficiency and propensity for growth. Therefore, increasing energy intake during late gestation has a modest effect on piglet birth weight and a negative effect on stillborn rate. Historically, lactation catabolism impacted subsequent reproductive performance of sows, particularly in first-parity. However, contemporary sows appear to be increasingly resistant to the negative effects of lactational catabolism. Even so, continued emphasis on maximizing lactation feed intake is critical to support milk production and prevent excessive lean tissue mobilization. Research data suggests that ad libitum feeding and offering lactation diets during the wean-to-estrus interval is not needed. Modern genetic sow lines appear to be more robust from a nutritional perspective than in the past.

scholarly journals PSXI-5 Effect of increasing feed intake during late gestation on piglet birth weight and weaning weight of low backfat thickness sows

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 387-388
Author(s):  
Yuanfei Zhou ◽  
Zuhong Liu ◽  
Jian Peng
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Large White ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
High Feed

Abstract This study investigated the effect of feed intake during late gestation on piglet birth weight and weaning weight of sows with the low backfat thickness (BF) at gestation 90 d. A total of 397 crossbred Landrance × Large White sows according to feed intakes were randomly allotted to three groups 2.8 kg/d (the energy requirement for sow maintenance), 3.6 kg/d and 4.0 kg/d from day 90 to day 110 of gestation. Sows were weighed and measured BF at 90 d and at 110 d of gestation and at weaning. Piglet performance at parturition and at weaning and wean-to-estrus of sows were recorded. Although sows had a tendency to increase BF at gestation 110 d (P = 0.09) and had more BF gain during late gestation with higher feed intake (P &lt; 0.01), there was no evidence for differences in piglet birth weight, within-litter birth weight variation and weak piglet rate, and the number of total born, born alive and stillborn. During lactation, sows fed with high feed intake in late gestation increased body weight loss (P &lt; 0.01). And no differences were observed in piglet performance at weaning and wean-to-estrus interval of sows. In conclusion, during late gestation, sows fed with feed intake more than energy requirement for maintenance had no effect on piglet birth weight or weaning weight.

Effect of time of joining and rate of stocking on the production of Corriedale ewes in southern Victoria. 2. Survival and growth of lambs

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (69) ◽  
pp. 434 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Kenney ◽  
IF Davis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Single Birth

A study of the survival and growth of lambs was made over a three year period (1968 to 1970) on a flock of 540 ewes grazing annual pasture at Werribee, Victoria. Ewes were stocked at three rates (5, 7 1/2 and 10 ha-1) and lambed between July 6 and August 20 or between September 10 and October 29 each year. Observations were made on the same ewes each year. Rate of stocking had no effect on the birth weight of lambs but single-birth lambs born in September were lighter than those born in July. More twins were born in September than in July and a smaller proportion of lambs born survived from the September than from the July lambing. Of the lambs born to ewes stocked at 10 ha-1 in 1968 and 1969 a smaller proportion survived than of the lambs born to ewes stocked at 5 ha-1. The growth rate of lambs born in July was constant between birth and weaning at 12 weeks of age but declined as rates of stocking increased. When the lambs born in September were about eight weeks old the pastures matured and growth rates of lambs declined and at weaning liveweights of lambs from plots stocked at different rates were similar. Lambs born in July on plots stocked at 5 and 79 ewes ha-1 were as much as eight kilograms heavier at weaning than the lambs born in September at equivalent rates of stocking. Neither rate nor time of onset of milk production was significantly affected by stocking rate.

The performance of Masham ewes

1979 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Newton ◽  
J. S. Fenlon
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Lamb Growth

ABSTRACTThe performance of two flocks of crossbred Masham ewes (Tees-water × Dales Bred) was measured for 6 and 4 years respectively. The ewes in Flock 1 were mated with Dorset Down rams and the ewes in Flock 2 with Suffolk rams.The overall mean mating weight of each flock was 68-0 kg with no consistent year-to-year variation. The mating weight repeatability values for ewes entering the flocks as 2-year-olds were 0·532 (±0·0681) and 0·524 (±0·1118) for Flocks 1 and 2 respectively.Mean litter size increased with age, but repeatability was low. Over- all litter weights for singles, twins and triplets were 5·89, 9·88 and 12·43 kg respectively. Two-year-old ewes had lighter litters than mature ewes. Repeatability for litter weight in Flock 1 was 0·337 (±0·0755).Lamb growth rate to 4 weeks of age was lower for 2-year-old ewes in both flocks and the repeatability was 0·322 (±0·0947) in Flock 1. For ewes having twin lambs, significant correlations (P < 0·01) were found between mating weight and birth weight and between birth weight and lamb growth rate to 4 weeks of age.Perinatal mortality was higher for lambs with a birth weight below 3·9 kg, but overall lamb mortality was only 8%: this low figure was probably due to the relatively high birth weight of the twin and triplet lambs.

The comparative productivity of five ewe breeds. 1. Lamb growth and survival

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (104) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
KD Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Lamb Growth

An experiment was conducted at Temora Agricultural Research Station to compare birth weights, growth rates to weaning, and survival of lambs from five breeds. These data formed part of a larger study comparing the productivity of these breeds as possible dual-purpose ewe breeds. The breeds were a Border Leicester X Merino fixed halfbred (BLM), Corriedale, Polwarth, and a South Australian strong wool (S.A. Merino) and a medium wool Peppin strain of Merino. The descending order of ranking of the breeds on birth weight and growth rate to weaning was BLM, Corriedale, S.A. Merino, Polwarth and Peppin Merino. A significant breed x year interaction in pre-weaning growth rate was recorded, since the absolute differences between breeds increased as the overall mean growth rate increased. Breed means for the survival rate of single-born lambs ranged from 80.7 to 86.4 lambs weaned per 100 lambs born and they were not significantly different from each other. The mean survival rate of multipleborn lambs from the S.A. Merino and Polwarth breeds were 65.0 and 69.5 respectively, and these were significantly lower than the survival rate of multiples from the other breeds (76.8 to 80.4). Within breeds, birth weight was found to be positively related to survival at low birth weights but negatively related to survival at high body weights

The effects of offering a concentrate or grass silage based diet to twin-bearing ewes in late pregnancy on ewe and lamb performance

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 121-121
Author(s):  
T.M. Boland ◽  
L. Hayes ◽  
J.J. Murphy ◽  
J.J. Callan ◽  
T.F. Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Dietary Requirements ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Single Farm Payment

Approximately 75% of ewes are housed in Ireland for some portion of the winter, normally the late gestation period. This coincides with a large increase in dietary requirements, with 80% of lamb birth weight laid down in the final two months of gestation (Robinson, 1990) and also udder development during this period. Traditionally, these nutritional requirements were met by feeding grass silage ad libitum and supplementing with concentrates on a stepped rate with advancing pregnancy. With the introduction of the decoupled single farm payment and an ever-decreasing labour supply, sheep producers are looking for financially attractive, low labour alternatives and a concentrate based diet may be one such alternative. The objectives of this experiment were to compare an all concentrate diet supplemented with different fibre sources with the standard silage based diet supplemented with concentrates on feed intake, ewe performance and lamb growth to weaning.

scholarly journals Effects of feeding rice gruel based milk replacer on growth, carcass characteristics and rumen development of goat kids

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
MA Islam ◽  
MB Sarker ◽  
A Khatun ◽  
MR Amin ◽  
M Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Rumen Development ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Supplementation of concentrate feed during late pregnancy of doe is an approach to improve milk yield and kid performance after kidding. The experiment was conducted to find out appropriate level and duration of supplementation to the pregnant doe. The data of the experiment were analyzed applying Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with factorial arrangements with three replications. First factor used in the experiment was the duration of concentrate feeding (15 days, 30 days, 45 days and 60 days) and second was amount of concentrate supplemented (2.00%, 1.75%, 1.50% and 1.25% of their body weight). Birth weight, weaning weight, milk yield and kid mortality in different groups were recorded. Birth weight and weaning weight were found higher in 60 days supplemented group i.e. 2.3±0.23 kg and 10.94±0.41 kg, respectively. Both birth weight and weaning weight were also found higher with 2 percent concentrate feeding group than others i.e. 2.1±0.23 kg and 9.64±0.42 kg, respectively. Milk yield recorded for fourth week shows that higher milk yields were found in 2 percent concentrate supplemented group with 60 days time period. The result showed that by increasing the level of concentrate during late gestation period of does increased the birth weight, weaning weight of kids and increased milk yield of does. So the higher level of concentrate supplementation is required during 45 to 60 days of late gestation in does. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (1): 57-66

Milk production in Awassi and Hungarian Merino sheep in Iraq

1971 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Karam ◽  
K. H. Juma ◽  
M. Al-Shabibi ◽  
J. Eliya ◽  
H. N. Abu Al-Ma'ali
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Multiple Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Effect Of Age

SUMMARYOn the Abu-Ghraib Experiment Station, milk production was investigated in 31 Awassi ewes of different ages and 12 newly imported Hungarian Merino ewes, two years old, together with the effect of age, lactation period, number of lambs born and reared and stage of lactation on milk production in the Awassi ewes. The relationships between milk production, birth weight and weaning weight of lambs were also investigated.First-lactation milk yield during the suckling period (90 days) based on 12 h milking interval was 114·58 kg in the Merino and 75·29 kg in the Awassi.Age had no significant effect on milk production in Awassi ewes although first-lactation yield was lower than that from subsequent lactations. Ewes that produced and nursed twins gave significantly more milk than ewes that produced and nursed single lambs.Milk yield in Merino and Awassi ewes increased with the decrease of milking interval from 12 to 4 h. The correlation coefficients between milk yield during 12 and 4 h were positive and significant.Correlation coefficients between birth and weaning weights and milk production were positive in both breeds. The correlation coefficient between weaning weight and milk production was 0·78 in the Awassi (P <0·01) and 0·65 in the Merino (P <0·05). The multiple correlation coefficient between weaning weight and birth weight and milk production was 0·67 in the Awassi and 0·43 in the Merino.

scholarly journals PSI-20 The effect of ewe gastrointestinal nematode burden during the periparturient period on lamb growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 251-252
Author(s):  
Allison Mosichuk ◽  
Katherine Petersson ◽  
Maria L Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Periparturient Period ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Offspring Growth ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Lamb Growth

Abstract Research evaluating the effects of ewe gastrointestinal nematode infection (GNI) during the periparturient period (PPR) on offspring growth is limited. We hypothesized ewes with a greater parasite burden during the PPR will negatively impact birth and weaning weight. Packed cell volume (PCV) was measured in ewes (2018, n = 11) at 3 weeks pre-partum (-3), birth, 3 (+3) and 6 (+6) wks postpartum. Lamb birth weight, weaning weight (WW), and ADG (birth - 8 weeks) were collected. Ewes in the upper 50% (n = 5–6) and lower 50% (n = 5–6) for PCV were classified as either HIGH and LOW at each time period. Data were analyzed in SAS using proc mixed (significance P ≤ 0.05). PCVs for LOW and HIGH ewes were (mean ± SEM) 27% ± 0.2% vs 30% ± 0.8% at -3, 28% ± 0.3% vs 32% ± 0.4% at birth, 24% ± 0.4% vs 29% ± 0.6% at +3, and 25% ± 0.2% vs 30% ± 1.0% at +6 respectively. Post-partum, lambs reared by LOW ewes exhibited reduced ADG (0.69 ± 0.03 kg/d vs 0.81 ± 0.03 kg/d; P = 0.02) and WW (29.34 kg ± 1.41 kg vs 33.64 kg ± 1.47 kg; P = 0.04) compared to lambs reared by HIGH ewes. Lambs reared by LOW ewes at +3 exhibited reduced ADG versus lambs reared by HIGH ewes (0.69 ± 0.034 kg/d vs. 0.81 ± 0.034 kg/d; P = 0.02). No effect of maternal PCV on birth weight or WW, at -3, birth, or +6 was observed on offspring birth weight, WW, or ADG (P ≥ 0.13). In conclusion, the effects of PPR GNI appear to be postnatal.

The effect of weaning weight on subsequent lamb growth rates

2000 ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Fraser ◽  
D.J. Saville
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Young Stock ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Weight Data

The effect of weaning weight on the subsequent growth rate of lambs was estimated from data collected at Winchmore Research Station. The lamb weight data were collected over a 3-year period involving dryland and irrigated farmlets with two contrasting forage systems. Lambs were weighed at 2-weekly intervals with the weights for the periods immediately pre- and post-weaning being used for the comparisons in this study. Results overall indicated that, following adjustments for pasture type, gender, birth and rearing rank, heavier lambs at weaning had faster growth rates post-weaning than lighter lambs. However, lighter lambs suffered a lower drop in growth rate (defined as growth rate before weaning minus growth rate post-weaning) than heavier lambs. This was universal across both pasture types, both genders and all combinations of birth and rearing ranks. Possible explanations are that the lighter lambs at weaning were receiving less milk from their mothers or that they were under some mob pressure and had limited access to quality pastures. In some cases, the lighter lambs even increased their growth rates post-weaning when compared to pre-weaning. It is suggested that weaning light lambs is an option for farmers, particularly when feed supply is limiting or when dry stock are required to clean up poor quality pastures and set up high quality feed for young stock. Keywords: dryland, irrigated, lamb growth, lamb weaning, pasture quality, weaning weights

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