Resistance to grain protectants in field populations of the sawtoothed grain beetle in southern Queensland

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Collins
Keyword(s):  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Laboratory Selection ◽  
Grain Protectants ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
Composite Strain

Resistance of field strains of Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. (sawtoothed grain beetle) to grain protectants was assessed using commercial dose rates of protectant in treated grain bioassays. Grain protectants tested were: chlorpyrifos- methyl, 5 and 10 mg/kg grain; methacriphos, 10 and 18 mg/kg; pirimiphos-methyl 4 mg/kg; fenitrothion, 12 mg/kg, plus carbaryl, 8 mg/kg; fenitrothion, 12 mg/kg, plus bioresmethrin, 1 mg/kg, plus piperonyl butoxide, 8 mg/ kg; pyrethrins, 3 mg/kg, plus piperonyl butoxide, 24 mg/kg. About 10% of farms surveyed and about 42% of merchant premises were infested. Most of the insects originating from farms were effectively controlled by all grain protectants. However, some strains showed less than 100% adult mortality and some progeny production when treated with: chloropyrifos-methyl at 5 mg/kg; pirimiphos-methyl; and pyrethrins plus piperonyl butoxide. In contrast, for all strains obtained from the premises of grain merchants, none of the grain protectants, except methacrifos at 18 mg/kg, caused complete adult mortality whilst fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos-methyl at 5 mg/kg and pyrethrins plus piperonyl butoxide failed to completely suppress progeny production in some strains. A composite strain showed no mortality with fenitrothion at 12 mg/kg after five generations of laboratory selection.

Enhanced-Efficacy Iranian Diatomaceous Earth for Controlling Two Stored-Product Insect Pests

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmeh Delgarm ◽  
Masumeh Ziaee ◽  
Alan McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Silica Aerogel ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Abstract The present study was conducted to evaluate the insecticidal activity of three diatomaceous earth (DE) products, SilicoSec (Biofa GmbH, Munsingen, Germany), Protect-It (Hedley Technologies Inc., Canada), and Mamaghan. The silica aerogel was mixed to enhance the efficacy of Mamaghan DE with 10, 15, and 20% rates. The DE products were applied at treatment rates of 100, 200, and 400 ppm against adults of Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). In the second experiment, 0.1 and 0.5% deltamethrin was added to Mamaghan DE–10% silica aerogel to enhance the activity of the DE. Adult mortality was recorded 2, 5, 7, 10, and 14 d after exposure. Parental adults were removed after 14-d exposure time and progeny developed was evaluated after 65 d. Mamaghan–15 and 20% silica aerogel caused the highest mortality (>97%) against T. confusum after 10 d of exposure at the highest dose of 400 ppm which exceeded to 100% mortality after 14 d. However, the toxicity of Mamaghan DE against R. dominica was lower than that of the two commercial formulations at all dose rates. The presence of 0.1% deltamethrin increased the insecticidal activity of Mamaghan DE and significantly suppressed progeny production of both species. Even at the lowest dose of Mamaghan–10% + 0.1% deltamethrin, progeny production of both species was very low (four or less individuals per vial). However, no progeny was recorded in Mamaghan–10% + 0.5% deltamethrin. Thus, adding low rates of silica aerogel and deltamethrin considerably enhanced the efficacy of Mamaghan DE in controlling T. confusum and R. dominica.

Bioefficacy of enhanced diatomaceous earth and botanical powders on the mortality and progeny production of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) and Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in stored grain cereals

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (04) ◽  
pp. 243-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Adarkwah ◽  
Daniel Obeng-Ofori ◽  
Vanessa Hörmann ◽  
Christian Ulrichs ◽  
Matthias Schöller
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Sitophilus Granarius ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Acanthoscelides Obtectus ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Plant Powders

Abstract Food losses caused by insects during postharvest storage are of paramount economic importance worldwide, especially in Africa. Laboratory bioassays were conducted in stored grains to determine the toxicity of powders of Eugenia aromatica and Moringa oleifera alone or combined with enhanced diatomaceous earth (Probe-A® DE, 89.0% SiO2 and 5% silica aerogel) to adult Sitophilus granarius, Tribolium castaneum and Acanthoscelides obtectus. Adult mortality was observed up to 7 days, while progeny production was recorded at 6–10 weeks. LD50 and LT50 values for adult test insects exposed to plant powders and DE, showed that A. obtectus was the most susceptible towards the botanicals (LD50 0.179% and 0.088% wt/wt for E. aromatica and M. oleifera, respectively), followed by S. granarius. Tribolium castaneum was most tolerant (LD50 1.42% wt/wt and 1.40% wt/wt for E. aromatica and M. oleifera, respectively). The combined mixture of plant powders and DE controlled the beetles faster compared to the plant powders alone. LT50 ranged from 55.7 h to 62.5 h for T. castaneum exposed to 1.0% M. oleifera and 1.0% DE, and 0.5% E. aromatica and 1.0% DE, respectively. Botanicals caused significant reduction of F1 adults compared to the control. Combined action of botanical insecticides with DE as a grain protectant in an integrated pest management approach is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen on Phosphine-Susceptible and -Resistant Populations of Stored Product Insects

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Maria K. Sakka ◽  
Fotini Gatzali ◽  
Vaios T. Karathanos ◽  
Christos G. Athanassiou
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Nitrogen Treatment ◽  
Commercial Nitrogen ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

In this study, we evaluated nitrogen treatment on phosphine-resistant field and -susceptible laboratory populations of different stored product beetles. Nine trials were conducted in commercial nitrogen chambers with the O2 level set at 1.0%. Two different temperatures—i.e., 28 and 40 °C—and three exposure intervals—i.e., 2.5, 3 and 9 d—were used in our tests. Adults of the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae); the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae); and the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were used in the trials. The insects were placed in vials with different commodities per species and population, and their mortality was measured after the termination of each trial. Then, the vials were kept in incubator chambers at 25 °C and 65% relative humidity for 65 d to measure progeny production. Complete parental mortality was observed in all cases for O. surinamensis and S. oryzae, but there was some survival for T. castaneum at 28 °C and 3 d of exposure. In general, progeny production was completely (100%) suppressed, with some exceptions for all species and populations. The results indicate that low oxygen is effective for all species tested, regardless of their resistance status to phosphine, and can be further adopted as an alternative method to mitigate resistance in stored product beetles.

scholarly journals Effect of mahogany Khaya senegalensis seed oil in the control of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on stored cowpea.

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Bamaiyi ◽  
I.S. Ndams ◽  
W.A. Toro ◽  
S. Odekina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Khaya Senegalensis ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl

<I>Khaya senegalensis</I> seed oil was evaluated for its efficacy in the control of <I>Callosobruchus maculatus</I> on stored cowpea. The oil was extracted locally from the dry <I>K. senegalensis</I> seeds. This was compared with Pirimiphos methyl E.C. as a standard. There was almost complete adult mortality of <I>C. maculatus</I> at 24 h after treatment with seed oil at 1, 2 and 3 ml/100 g of cowpea. The seed oil significantly reduced the F<SUB>1</SUB> and F<SUB>2</SUB> progeny emergence. The reduction in oviposition was not significant when compared with the control. The damage caused by <I>C. maculatus</I> was significantly reduced by <I>K. senegalensis</I> seed oil. For all the parameters examined, <I>K. senegalensis</I> seed oil showed no significant difference with Pirimiphos methyl E.C. in the control of <I>C. maculatus, </I>suggesting that <I>K. senegalensis</I> seed oil has high potential for use as botanical resource for control of <I>C. maculates.</I>

scholarly journals Comparison of insecticidal efficacy of four natural substances against granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius [L.]) adults: does the combined use of the substances improve their efficacy?

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. e1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Bohinc ◽  
Stanislav Trdan
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Sitophilus Granarius ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Granary Weevil ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
The Impact

Laboratory tests were carried out to evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of different natural inert dusts (diatomaceous earth, wood ash, quartz sand) and the leaf powder of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. against granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius [L.]) adults. The efficacy of the substances was tested individually and in combination with each other. The substances were applied at different concentrations, and bioassays were carried out at four different temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35°C) and two different relative humidity (RH) levels (55% and 75%). The adult mortality was recorded after the 7th, 14th and 21st days of exposure. The progeny production of individuals exposed to different combinations was also assessed. Wood ash proved to be the most efficient inert dust in our research. We detected 100% mortality in the treatment exposed to a higher concentration (5 w%) of wood ash at 35°C and 55% RH after 7 days of exposure. A lower RH level had also a negative impact on the progeny production. We can conclude that wood ash can be efficient in controlling granary weevil adults as a single substance or in combination with other substances. Further surveys should focus on the impact of the wood ash dose rates. Due to the high percentage of area covered with forest in some European countries, the main ingredient is present locally, but additional surveys are needed to help improve the practical use of wood ash.

scholarly journals A comparison of two methods to determine the susceptibility of sawtoothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) populations to pirimiphos-methyl from Canterbury, New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
Joanne B. Drummond ◽  
R. Bruce Chapman
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl

Resistance of sawtoothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) to organophosphate insecticides is documented internationally. There are anecdotal reports of reduced efficacy in New Zealand but to date no empirical assessments have been made. Two-laboratory-based test methods using either a dust (Actellic® Dust) or liquid (Actellic® 50EC) formulations of pirimiphos-methyl, were compared to determine the response of five Canterbury sawtoothed grain beetle populations. A mini-silo method employed grain treated with the recommended application rate (200 g a.i./tonne seed) of pirimiphos-methyl dust. A Petri-dish method treated internal surfaces of 50-mm diameter Petri dishes with liquid pirimiphos-methyl at concentrations from 0–0.1 g a.i./L to determine an estimated LC50 (lethal concentration for 50% mortality) for each population. The rank order of mortality (highest to lowest) in the mini-silo test was similar to the Petri-dish LC50 rankings for the five populations tested. The results illustrate variation in responses to pirimiphosmethyl concentrations by sawtoothed grain beetle populations, indicating both methods are potential options for future resistance testing and will aid the development of management strategies for control of stored insect pests.

An assessment of chlorpyrifos-methyl, etrimfos, fenitrothion and pirimiphos-methyl as grain protectants

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith P. Thomas ◽  
David B. Pinniger ◽  
Douglas R. Wilkin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Protectants ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl

scholarly journals Persistence and Effectiveness of Diatomaceous Earth and Spinosad® Against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Stored Rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
C.F. Nwanade
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Laboratory Temperature ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Residual Effectiveness

The insecticidal and residual effectiveness of Diatomaceous Earth (DE) (Nigeria-derived) and Spinosad® against Sitophilus zeamais on stored rice were evaluated under laboratory temperature (30 ± 2°C) and relative humidity (70 ± 5%). Adult mortality and progeny emergence were studied at three dose rates of DE and Spinosad® (0.1g/kg, 0.5g/kg, and 1g/kg). Spinosad® at 0.1-1.0 g/kg dose rates demonstrated significant results in mortality compared to DE and control groups at 14 d post-treatment and after the 2nd month of storage treatment. Spinosad® treated grains at the same dose rates also resulted in a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the emergence of progeny. Unlike DE, Spinosad® showed some insecticidal efficacy against S. zeamais on storage.

scholarly journals Metabolic Cost of a Nutritional Symbiont Manifests in Delayed Reproduction in a Grain Pest Beetle

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 717
Author(s):  
Tobias Engl ◽  
Thorsten H. P. Schmidt ◽  
Sthandiwe Nomthandazo Kanyile ◽  
Dagmar Klebsch
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Nutrient Allocation ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Delayed Reproduction ◽  
Cuticle Formation ◽  
Context Dependent

Animals engage in a plethora of mutualistic interactions with microorganisms that can confer various benefits to their host but can also incur context-dependent costs. The sawtoothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis harbors nutritional, intracellular Bacteroidetes bacteria that supplement precursors for the cuticle synthesis and thereby enhance desiccation resistance of its host. Experimental elimination of the symbiont impairs cuticle formation and reduces fitness under desiccation stress but does not disrupt the host’s life cycle. For this study, we first demonstrated that symbiont populations showed the strongest growth at the end of metamorphosis and then declined continuously in males, but not in females. The symbiont loss neither impacted the development time until adulthood nor adult mortality or lifespan. Furthermore, lifetime reproduction was not influenced by the symbiont presence. However, symbiotic females started to reproduce almost two weeks later than aposymbiotic ones. Thus, symbiont presence incurs a metabolic and context-dependent fitness cost to females, probably due to a nutrient allocation trade-off between symbiont growth and sexual maturation. The O. surinamensis symbiosis thereby represents an experimentally amenable system to study eco-evolutionary dynamics under variable selection pressures.

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