Effect of restricted access to water, hay or salt on liveweights of steers

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
PJ Bailey ◽  
BJM Holland ◽  
JE Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Major Effect ◽  
Restricted Access ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Marketing Process ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
On Farm

Fifty Hereford and Hereford cross steers (574 � 1.9 kg mean � s.e. initial liveweight) were purchased at a saleyard and given varying access to water, hay and salt for 46 h, to examine the effect of simulated on-farm treatments, prior to transport to a saleyard, on liveweight differences before and after access to water at the saleyard. Restricting access to feed or water reduced liveweight, the major effect being due to availability of water. Groups with hay only, or no feed or water, had similar liveweights, but were 29 kg lighter (P<0.05) at the end of this period than steers with access to water, water and hay, or water, hay and salt. All steers lost weight when denied access to feed and water for 5 h to simulate the transport and yarding phase of the marketing process. The range in mean liveweights of the different groups was reduced from 36.5 kg at the start of this period to 29.5 kg at the end. All steers were then given ad libitum access to water for 15 h. They gained liveweight during first 2 h on water and thereafter lost weight. The extent of these gains was influenced by the magnitude of earlier weight losses. Access to water for 4 h was sufficient to reduce variation in mean liveweight between groups from 29.5 kg to 19.6 kg; this occurred mainly during the first hour. A further reduction to 14.0 kg occurred after 15 h of access to water. Consideration should be given to providing access to water before weighing at those cattle liveweight auctions which presently impose a fast from feed and water.

scholarly journals Effects of different energy intakes before and after calving on food intake, performance and blood hormones and metabolites in dairy cows

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Kunz ◽  
J. W. Blum ◽  
I. C. Hart ◽  
H. Bickel ◽  
J. Landis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Fat Mobilization ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Blood Hormones

ABSTRACTAn experiment with 25 dairy cows was performed to investigate the effects of different energy intakes on food intake, performance and blood hormone and metabolite levels during the last 70 days of pregnancy and the first 125 days after parturition. Compared with animals fedad libitumbefore parturition, cows fed only according to requirements during the same time showed no decrease of food intake at calving. Cows fed at a restricted level also showed a faster increase in food intake, a smaller energy deficiency at the onset of lactation and a smaller weight loss after parturition. Peak milk yield was also lower, but the peak was maintained for a longer period, and during the first 2 months of lactation these cows had higher concentrations of glucose and lactic acid, and lower concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and ketone bodies in the blood. Weight losses, and decrease of milk production during the 1st weeks of lactation were higher in cows fed only 0·75 of requirements during the first 60 days of lactation than in animals whose energy intake was planned to cover energy requirements, and during the first 2 months of lactation levels of unesterified fatty acids, ketone bodies and urea were higher, whereas levels of insulin, thyroxine and triiodothyronine were lower. Endocrine and metabolic changes seen during early lactation suggested improved glucose homeostasis, diminished fat mobilization and ketogenesis in cows given reduced amounts of energy during the dry period compared to animals fedad libitum. To prevent the development of acetonaemia an adequate energy supply during the first part of lactation is, however, of greater importance.

scholarly journals Effects of ad libitum or restricted access to total mixed ration with supplemental long hay on production, intake, and rumination

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 10922-10928 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Cavallini ◽  
L.M.E. Mammi ◽  
M. Fustini ◽  
A. Palmonari ◽  
A.J. Heinrichs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restricted Access ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Ad Libitum

Levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Pesticides in Bluefish Before and After Cooking

1989 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-503
Author(s):  
William J Trotter ◽  
Paul E Corneliussen ◽  
Ronald R Laski ◽  
Joseph J Vannelli
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Aroclor 1254 ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Similar levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, and fat were found in 20 correlated uncooked and cooked (baked) bluefish fillets. Fillets averaged 2.5 ppm PCBs as Aroclor 1254 (whole basis) before cooking; after cooking, with the oil drippings and skin discarded, the average PCB level was 2.7 ppm. Although PCBs, lipophilic pesticides, and fat were lost along with oil drippings and skin that were discarded after cooking, the moisture loss in the fillets during cooking compensated for these weight losses almost completely. After the fillets were cooked and the oil drippings and skin were discarded, the PCB content of the fillets was 27% lower on the average.

scholarly journals Decoquinate, lasalocid and monensin for starter feeds and the performance of holstein calves to 20 weeks of age

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Maris Bittar Nussio ◽  
John Tal Huber ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Nussio
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Ad Libitum

The large utilization of coccidiostats in dairy herds has raised the question regards the best product to use, based on better animal performance. Sixty-four Holstein calves were randomly assigned to four treatments at 10 (±4) d of age to evaluate calf performance when fed approved coccidiostats available on the market in Arizona, USA. Calves received a dry calf starter without (control) or with one of the following coccidiostats: lasalocid, 30 mg kg-1; decoquinate, 19 mg kg-1; and monensin, 30 mg kg-1. Calves received 3.6 kg d-1 of a commercial 22% CP:20% fat milk replacer until 6 wk of age. Calves were offered starter "ad libitum" up to 2 kg d-1, and calves had free access to water throughout the trial. Alfalfa hay was offered "ad libitum" after weaning. Performance and dry matter intake (DMI) were monitored for 20 weeks and broken down in different periods of measurement (0-6, 7-12 and 13-20 weeks, respectively). Despite the lower dry matter intake and weight gain for females on monensin treatment during the whole period, differences among coccidiostats were seldom observed under the conditions of this study. Good calf management and the dry, hot climate of Arizona perhaps diminished the chances for subclinical and chronic disease appearance which negated potential differences and differences in calf performances.

scholarly journals Effect of the GH secretagogue L-163,255 and restricted feeding time on GH pulsatility in the rat

2002 ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
AN Moulas ◽  
JD Veldhuis ◽  
JC Chan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretagogue ◽  
Deconvolution Analysis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Pulsatile Release ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ad Libitum

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of repeated treatments with the growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) L-163,255 on the pulsatile release of GH when administered in meal-fed rats before and after feeding. DESIGN: The first group of rats (AL, n=6) had food available ad libitum. The second (restricted, R, n=6), third (GHSB, n=6), and fourth (GHSA, n=6) groups were fed from 1100 to 1400 h. Groups GHSB and GHSA were given GHS by gavage, 3.0 mg/kg L-163,255, at 1000 h (before feeding, B) and at 1500 h (after feeding, A) respectively. Three weeks after the initiation of the treatment, blood samples were collected at 10-min intervals over 6 h, and GH levels were determined. RESULTS: In group R, the concentrations of GH were higher before feeding (17.6+/-2.4 ng/ml) than during feeding (11.2+/-1.2 ng/ml), P<0.05. The average concentrations of the peak in response to GHS were higher when GHS was administered before (121.70+/-33.68 ng/ml) than after (49.67+/-17.87 ng/ml) feeding. The mass of GH, as calculated by deconvolution analysis was also higher in the GHSB group than in the GHSA group (251.6+/-64.1 ng/ml per min vs 85.3+/-22.9 ng/ml per min respectively, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: L-163,255 is effective in inducing GH release after repeated oral administration in rats. The effectiveness is greater when GHS is administered before rather than after feeding in meal-fed animals.

Supplemental skim milk before and after weaning improves growth performance of pigs

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
D. J. Kerton ◽  
P. J. Eason ◽  
R. H. King
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large White ◽  
Liquid Feed ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pelleted Feed ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Milk Feeding

Twelve Large White × Landrace sows nursing litters of 6 boars and 6 gilts were used in this study. Six litters suckled the sow only, whereas the other 6 litters received supplemental liquid skim milk (200 g/L) ad libitum from Day 10 until Day 20. On Day 20 the 4 heaviest pigs of each sex were allocated to 2 pairs and were weaned. Each pair was offered either pelleted or pelleted plus liquid feed. For the first 2 days post-weaning, each pair of liquid-supplemented pigs received liquid skim milk (250 g/L). On Day 23, pelleted feed was added to the milk. The ratio of liquid to pelleted feed was adjusted daily until, on Day 28, pigs were provided with pelleted feed only until 41 days of age. Supplemental skim milk increased growth (223 v. 291 g/day, P < 0.001) between Days 10 and 20 of age so that by weaning supplemented pigs were 10% (6.13 v. 6.74 kg, P = 0.038) heavier than unsupplemented pigs. Skim milk intake increased linearly from 190 to 600 g/day per pig over the 10 days of supplementation. Supplemental milk feeding did not alter sow liveweight change (−31.9 v. −30.3 kg for sows nursing litters with and without supplementation, respectively, P = 0.894) or change in P2 backfat thickness (−5.3 v. −4.2 mm, P = 0.279) between farrowing and Day 20 of age. Pigs weaned onto skim milk and pellets ate more (257 v. 30 g dry matter (DM)/day, P < 0.001) and grew better (213 v. −151 g/day, P < 0.001) over the first 2 days post-weaning than pigs weaned onto only pellets. Piglets provided with liquid feed after weaning continued to grow faster beyond Day 22, resulting in the benefit of weaning onto liquid feed being maintained until at least 41 days of age (14.1 v. 12.8 kg, P < 0.001). In conclusion, skim milk feeding before and after weaning can result in cumulative improvements in growth performance in the nursery.

Reproductive performance of heifers offered ad libitum or restricted access to feed for a one hundred forty-day period after weaning1

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 3043-3052 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Roberts ◽  
T. W. Geary ◽  
E. E. Grings ◽  
R. C. Waterman ◽  
M. D. MacNeil
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Restricted Access ◽  
Ad Libitum

Mechanisms of desensitization to a PDE inhibitor (milrinone) in conscious dogs with heart failure

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (5) ◽  
pp. H1699-H1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Sato ◽  
Kuniya Asai ◽  
Satoshi Okumura ◽  
Gen Takagi ◽  
Richard P. Shannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rapid Ventricular Pacing ◽  
Camp Levels

The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which the effects of milrinone were desensitized in heart failure (HF) and to determine the mechanisms, i.e., whether these effects could be ascribed to changes in cAMP or phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity in HF. Accordingly, we examined the effects of milrinone in seven conscious dogs before and after HF was induced by rapid ventricular pacing at 240 beats/min. The dogs were chronically instrumented for measurements of left ventricular (LV) pressure and first derivative of LV pressure (dP/d t), arterial pressure, LV internal diameter, and wall thickness. Milrinone (10 μg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1iv) increased LV dP/d t by 1,854 ± 157 from 2,701 ± 105 mmHg/s ( P < 0.05) before HF. After HF the increase in LV dP/d t in response to milrinone was attenuated significantly ( P < 0.05); it increased by 615 ± 67 from 1,550 ± 107 mmHg/s, indicating marked desensitization. In the presence of ganglionic blockade the increases in LV dP/d t (+445 ± 65 mmHg/s) in response to milrinone were markedly less ( P < 0.01), and milrinone increased LV dP/d t even less in HF (+240 ± 65 mmHg/s). cAMP and PDE activity were measured in endocardial and epicardial layers in normal and failing myocardium. cAMP was decreased significantly ( P < 0.05) in LV endocardium (−26%) but not significantly in LV epicardium (−14%). PDE activity was also decreased significantly ( P < 0.05) in LV endocardium (−18%) but not in LV epicardium (−4%). Thus significant desensitization to milrinone was observed in conscious dogs with HF. The major effect was autonomically mediated. The biochemical mechanism appears to be due in part to the modest reductions in PDE activity in failing myocardium, which, in turn, may be a compensatory mechanism to maintain cAMP levels in HF. Reductions in cAMP and PDE levels were restricted to the subendocardium, suggesting that the increased wall stress and reduced coronary reserve play a role in mediating these changes.

scholarly journals Effect of a Padel Match on Biochemical and Haematological Parameters in Professional Players with Regard to Gender-Related Differences

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8633
Author(s):  
Francisco Pradas ◽  
Alejandro García-Giménez ◽  
Víctor Toro-Román ◽  
Bernardino Javier Sánchez-Alcaraz ◽  
Nicolae Ochiana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Protein Catabolism ◽  
Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
High Level ◽  
Match Effect

Haematological and biochemical parameters have not yet been analysed in professional padel players. The aim of this study was to determine the basal values of these parameters and to observe the effect of a simulated competition on them, including gender-related differences. A total of 14 male professional players (age: 28.2 ± 7.9 years), and 16 female professional players (age: 29.7 ± 3.7 years) participated in this study. Players were allowed to hydrate ad libitum during the matches. Haematological and biochemical values were obtained before and after a simulated competitive padel match. The men’s group showed higher baseline values in red blood cells, haematocrit, haemoglobin, urea, creatinine, uric acid, albumin, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) (p < 0.01) than the women’s group. Attending to match effect, significant differences were obtained in urea, creatinine, CK and glucose (p < 0.05). Finally, the group x match interaction revealed significant differences in serum concentrations of sodium and chloride (p < 0.05). In conclusion, high-level padel matches provoke several changes in biochemical parameters related to muscle damage and protein catabolism. Recovery and fluid intake strategies could be added regarding gender. The results obtained could be due to the differences in the intensity and volume of the simulated competition.

Hypotensive effect of water restriction in the two-kidney one-clip hypertensive rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (5) ◽  
pp. F525-F531
Author(s):  
F. H. Leenen ◽  
W. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Hypotensive Effect ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Ad Libitum

In two-kidney one-clip hypertensive rats we evaluated the effect of water restriction on the development and maintenance of severe hypertension (systemic blood pressure 200-230 mmHg). After application of renal arterial clips in rats allowed access to water for 1 or 2 h daily, BP stabilized at 180-190 mmHg. No increase in water intake occurred and plasma renin activity(PRA) (measured before the drinking period) was significantly below the levels observed in ad libitum-drinking hypertensive rats. In rats administered 4 ml water/100 g body weight twice daily by gavage, development of hypertension was more clearly suppressed. Blood pressure increased slowly and reached levels of only 150-170 mmHg. Furthermore, PRA was significantly lower in this group compared with ad libitum-drinking hypertensive animals. In rats with established (4-5 wk) renal hypertension, restriction of water intake to 1 or 2 h daily resulted in a rapid decrease in BP of about 30 mmHg. Daily administration of Pitressin tannate to hypertensive rats allowed free access to water induced a similar decrease in BP as well as suppression of PRA. These results indicate that the hypotensive effect of water restriction in the two-kidney one-clip hypertensive rat model may be mediated, at least in part, through elevated circulating levels of vasopressin that subsequently inhibit renin release.

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