The winter production of some strains of subterranean clover grown in defoliated swards

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (121) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Collins ◽  
RC Rossiter ◽  
EC Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
New South ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Moisture Supply

The results of two experiments are reported, one at Perth, Western Australia, in an open-sided glass shelter, and the other at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, in the open. Clover swards were grown in boxes and after about one month were subjected to weekly, close defoliation. Two strains that differ in growth habit, Woogenellup (relatively erect) and Esperance (compact, lowgrowing), were used in both experiments. In addition, strain 209.8.19.1 (a crossbred similar to Esperance) was included at Perth, and Nungarin, Yarloop and Larisa at Wagga Wagga. The main finding was that winter production differed little, if at all, between the strains. The relevance of the results to the field evaluation of clover strains is emphasized, and we suggest that under good conditions of moisture supply, nutrition, plant density, etc., substantial differences between strains in winter production are unlikely

Comparison of the performance of subterranean clover cultivars in southern New South Wales. 1. Persistence, productivity, and seed yields

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
BS Dear ◽  
PD Cregan ◽  
GM Murray
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Seed Reserves ◽  
Seed Yields

The density, productivity, flowering characteristics, and seed reserves of 14 lines (10 cultivars and 4 experimental lines) of subterranean clover were observed over 5 years (1983-87) on a red earth soil at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales. Plant density increased from 149-318 plants/m2 in 1983 to 1975-13925 plants/m'n 1987. Herbage yields of all cultivars during autumn-winter were similar in most years except in July 1985 when Seaton Park was superior. Cultivars in the midseason or later flowering groups were more productive in late spring and better able to utilise the extended growing seasons that occur periodically in this environment. The mean time from emergence to 5% flowering of all cultivars was 168 days with March germination in 1985 but decreased to 13.5 days with May germination in 1986. The number of days to flowering at Wagga Wagga was highly correlated with maturity ranking at Perth (r2 = 0.92 in 1985 and? = 0.93 in 1986). In the first year, average seed set was 295 kg seed/ha. but by summer of the fourth year the seed pool ranged from 124 kg/ha for Clare to 1190 kg/ha for Nungarin, the earliest flowering cultivar. The quantity of hard seed that carried over to the next year varied significantly between cultivars, with Enfield, Woogenellup, and Clare having the least, and Nungarin, Northam, Dalkeith, and Daliak the most. Seed set was related to maturity ranking only in 1984, although root disease probably affected seed yields in 1985-86. The proportion of hard seed that carried over was much higher than expected, particularly in soft-seeded cultivars. The newly released cultivar Junee was well adapted to the environment; it was later maturing than the recommended cultivar Seaton Park but was able to maintain high seed reserves. Karridale, another new cultivar, maintained higher seed reserves than the older Mount Barker.

Control of Amsinckia hispida and Juncus bufonius (toadrush) with herbicides

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (120) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
JE Pratley
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
South Wales

The control by herbicides of an infestation of Amsinckia hispida and toadrush (Juncus bufonius) in wheat was investigated at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, during 1979 and 1980. Bromoxynil, bromoxynil+MCPA, terbutryne and methabenzthiazuron+2,4-D were used in both years, dicamba+MCPA in 1979, and dicamba and experimental herbicide DPX4189 (GleanTM�) in 1980. All herbicides reduced weed densities and improved crop yields. Terbutryne gave greatest control of weed populations, in excess of 98% in both years. Grain yield was more than doubled in each case. GleanTM produced the highest grain yield in 1980 although weed control was not as good as from some other herbicides. However, the undersown pasture legumes, particularly subterranean clover, had poorer survival from this herbicide. Dicamba and dicamba+MCPA were inferior to the other chemicals in the control of these weeds.

Occurrence of Phytophthora clandestina in Trifolium subterraneum paddocks in Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Aldaoud ◽  
W. Guppy ◽  
L. Callinan ◽  
S. F. Flett ◽  
K. A. Wratten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Differential Cultivars

In 1995–96, a survey of soil samples from subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) paddocks was conducted across Victoria, South Australia, New South Wales and Western Australia, to determine the distribution and the prevalence of races of Phytophthora clandestina (as determined by the development of root rot on differential cultivars), and the association of its occurrence with paddock variables. In all states, there was a weak but significant association between P. clandestina detected in soil samples and subsequent root rot susceptibility of differential cultivars grown in these soil samples. Phytophthora clandestina was found in 38% of the sampled sites, with a significantly lower prevalence in South Australia (27%). There were significant positive associations between P. clandestina detection and increased soil salinity (Western Australia), early growth stages of subterranean clover (Victoria), mature subterranean clover (South Australia), recently sown subterranean clover (South Australia), paddocks with higher subterranean clover content (Victoria), where herbicides were not applied (South Australia), irrigation (New South Wales and Victoria), cattle grazing (South Australia and Victoria), early sampling dates (Victoria and New South Wales), sampling shortly after the autumn break or first irrigation (Victoria), shorter soil storage time (Victoria) and farmer’s perception of root rot being present (Victoria and New South Wales). Only 29% of P. clandestina isolates could be classified under the 5 known races. Some of the unknown races were virulent on cv. Seaton Park LF (most resistant) and others were avirulent on cv. Woogenellup (most susceptible). Race 1 was significantly less prevalent in South Australia than Victoria and race 0 was significantly less prevalent in New South Wales than in South Australia and Western Australia. This study revealed extremely wide variation in the virulence of P. clandestina. The potential importance of the results on programs to breed for resistance to root rot are discussed. in South Australia.

Performance of breeding ewes on lucerne-subterranean clover pastures

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 758 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Hall ◽  
EC Wolfe ◽  
BR Cullis
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Lamb Growth

Pasture production, ewe and lamb growth, ewe wool production and diet quality were studied on lucerne-subterranean clover pastures at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales. Lucerne was sown at rates of 0.75 to 3.0 kg/ha, and the pastures were rotationally grazed with Border Leicester x Merino ewes at 9.6 or 12.7 sheep/ha, the ewes lambing in August- September. Lucerne density declined by 45% over the 3 years on all treatments. The clover cultivar sown, Woogenellup, had low persistence, particularly at 12.7 sheep/ha. The density of lucerne had little effect on annual wool and lamb production, although the ewes grew faster on the denser lucerne in summer and the sparser lucerne in winter. At 12- 7 sheep/ha, there was an extra 19% total lamb weight by the end of November and an extra 22% of finer wool (1 �m) annually, but the fleeces had a higher proportion of wool tenderness. The major limitations of the lucerne-subterranean clover pastures to sheep production were the low quality of the diet in early summer, and low pasture production in late winter. In early summer the lucerne was rapidly consumed, leaving only moderate quality clover and grass residues, which limited lamb growth, while in winter pregnancy toxaemia occurred, fleeces were tender and wool growth was low, particularly during a drought in 1976.

Beef production from lucerne and subterranean clover pastures. 1. The effects of pasture, stocking rate and supplementary feeding

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (107) ◽  
pp. 678 ◽  
Author(s):  
EC Wolfe ◽  
RD FitzGerald ◽  
DG Hall ◽  
OR Southwood
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Development ◽  
New South ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
South Wales ◽  
June July

The production and management of weaner steers on two pasture types were studied over 3 years at Wagga Wagga in southern New South Wales. One pasture (LC) was sown with a mixture of lucerne (Medicago sativa) and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) and the other (C) was sown only with subterranean clover. On each pasture the management treatments were 1.3 and 2.0 steers ha-' in 1975, and 2.1 and 3.0 steers ha-1 in 1976 and 1977, with a grain supplement at the heavier stocking rate in all years. Each year, steers gained more liveweight in February-March or April-May on LC than on C, and this advantage was maintained or increased until slaughter in the following January. The faster growth of steers on lucerne-clover was always associated with an increased supply of green herbage. Annual liveweight gain on LC exceeded that on C by 20-30 kg/head in 1975 and 1977, and by up to 90 kg/head in 1976, when the rainfall pattern was unsuitable for clover growth. Carcases from steers on LC were heavier (all years), covered with a greater depth of fat (1 975 and 1976) and showed better eye muscle development (1 76 and 1977) than those on C. In 1975, neither stocking rate nor supplementary feeding affected liveweight or carcase development. In the following 2 years, increasing the stocking rate from 2 to 3 steers ha-1 reduced annual liveweight gains by 35-40 kg/head. Oat grain supplements (2-3 kg/head day-1 in February-March, June-July and December-January) improved weight gains and carcase quality on both pasture types in 1977, but only on C in 1976

Evaluation of legumes for introduction into native grass pastures on the North-west slopes of New South Wales

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD FitzGerald
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales

A range of pasture legumes was either broadcast or drilled into native grass pastures on the North-west Slopes of New South Wales to identify legumes that would persist in that environment and improve the quality of winter pastures based on native grasses. There were 2 experiments conducted over 12 sites. In the first, sites were selected to permit identification of effects of altitude and 2 soil types on legume adaptation. In the second, the lower altitude range was extended and a wider range of soil types was sampled. Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) was the most persistent and productive species, with cultivar performance varying with altitude. At the lowest altitude (340 m) the early-maturing cv. Dalkeith was the most productive, and at 500-600 m there was little difference between the tested cultivars. Stand density, herbage yield, and seed yield all declined as altitude increased, but the decline was greater with earlier maturing cultivars than with the later maturing cv. Woogenellup White clover (T. repens cv. Haifa) established poorly in native grass swards, but plants that did establish persisted during favourable seasons at higher altitudes. Herbage yields of woolly pod vetch (Vicia dasycarpa cv. Namoi) and rose clover (T. hirtum cv. Hykon) occasionally exceeded yield of subterranean clover at some lower altitude sites, but those species failed to persist at other sites where grazing management may have been unsuitable. Barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) established satisfactorily but did not persist on the more acidic soils (pH <6.0). Both drilling and broadcasting establishment techniques produced satisfactory legume stands. Legume plant density was generally greater on heavier soils of basaltic origin than on lighter soils of rhyolitic origin.

Flowering time of cultivars of subterranean clover in New South Wales

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Archer ◽  
EC Wolfe ◽  
BR Cullis
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Acceptable Accuracy ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Relationship

The period from sowing to flowering was determined for 8 subterranean clover cultivars sown in late March, late April and late May at 9 environmentally distinct locations in New South Wales. The length of the period to flowering depended on cultivar (ranging from a mean of 1 12 days for Northam to 151 days for Larisa) and site (from a mean of 1 18 days at Grafton to 145 days at Canberra). There was a greater range in the period from sowing to flowering between cultivars at earlier flowering sites compared with late flowering sites. The period from sowing to flowering decreased with later sowings so that clovers sown late (May) flowered on average less than 14 days after those sown early (March). A relationship was developed between temperature and latitude and the period to flowering for each sowing date and cultivar. This relationship accounted for 95% of the variation in flowering time observed in this study and was used to predict with acceptable accuracy the flowering time of subterranean clover cultivars in a study undertaken in Western Australia in 1972 and 1973. We believe the relationship could be useful in predicting flowering time in subterranean clovers.

Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees. complex pastures in southern New South Wales, Australia: a comparison with Medicago sativa L. and Phalaris aquatica L. pastures under rotational grazing

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Johnston ◽  
P. S. Cornish ◽  
V. F. Shoemark
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Eragrostis Curvula ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Wide Range

A grazing experiment conducted in Wagga Wagga (New South Wales) from September 1993 to September 1998 compared the productivity of pastures containing 3 palatable types of summer-active Eragrostis curvula complex, with pastures containing either Medicago sativa or Phalaris aquatica. Issues relating to the management of E. curvula pastures were also investigated. Herbage growth rates of the P. aquatica and M. sativa pastures were highest in winter and spring; E. curvula pastures were most productive in summer and autumn. Stocking rates equivalent to 30–40 dry sheep were carried by the pastures during their growing seasons. Throughout the study, the pastures were dominated by their respective sown perennial species, however, a suite of desirable and undesirable annual grasses and annual legumes usually contributed >20% of total herbage mass in spring. The P. aquatica pasture contained a higher proportion of weedy species than the other pastures, especially C4 grasses and broadleafed species, and towards the end of the experiment it was also invaded by several native perennial grasses. Overall, the wool yield from the M. sativa pasture was 0.5–1.0 kg/animal.year higher than the other pastures. Management to minimise herbage accumulation on the E. curvula pastures was a key issue, and provided that pastures were grazed heavily, this was achieved by the rotational grazing strategy used in the experiment. It was concluded that palatable varieties of E. curvula have a useful and complementary role as perennial pastures in southern Australia. By increasing herbage availability in summer and autumn, E. curvula may improve management flexibility for a wide range of pastures that are commonly grown on farms.

Exit left: the case of Australian state Labor

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Manwaring
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Social Democracy ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Australian State ◽  
The Face ◽  
Almost All

This chapter evaluates the case of Australian state (Labor) governments. It outlines four distinctive state Labor governments in Australia in the states of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland and Western Australia. In all cases, Labor held office for a relatively sustained period of time, before eventually losing. These state Labor governments offered a distinctive approach to governance that reshaped and renewed the trajectory of social democracy, especially in the face of neoliberal economic settings. Yet, in almost all these cases, these Labor governments were ejected from office. However, in contrast to some of the other cases in this volume, Labor has regained power in many of the state jurisdictions. So, while the Labor model of ‘strategic government’ might have passed, there might be further lessons here about how Labor can regain power.

Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees. complex pastures in southern New South Wales, Australia: a comparison of Eragrostis curvula cv. Consol and Medicago sativa L. cv. Nova under intensive rotational management

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Johnston ◽  
P. S. Cornish ◽  
T. B. Koen ◽  
V. F. Shoemark
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Eragrostis Curvula ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Average Plant

The productivity, carrying capacity and liveweight performance of wether sheep grazing pastures of Eragrostis curvula cv. Consol and Medicago sativa cv. Nova, which were also sown with annual grasses and Trifolium subterraneum, were compared under an intensive 4-paddock rotational grazing regime in a ‘put-and-take’ grazing experiment at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales from November 1993 to August 1996. The productivity of the pastures was broadly similar, with production peaks of >1000 kg/ha in winter and >3000 kg/ha in spring and summer in paddocks that had been spelled for 6 weeks. Although annual species contributed a high proportion of the total herbage mass in spring, over the remainder of the year, both pastures were dominated by their respective perennials. E. curvula maintained an average plant density of approximately 20 plants/m2. The density of M. sativa declined noticeably during the 3 years, and at the end of the experiment M. sativa plants in 1 replicate of the experiment were killed by rising groundwater and dryland salinity. The long-term average stocking rate of E. curvula and M. sativa pastures were similar (12.1 v. 12.5 sheep/ha) and both pastures were capable of sustaining high stocking rates for lengthy periods in spring and summer. Sheep grazing M. sativa tended to be heavier than animals grazing E. curvula, and they produced, on average, 1.1 kg (or 21%) more wool. However, M. sativa was more difficult to establish and its costs for weed and insect control were higher. Therefore, although it was more productive, it might not have been the most economically viable of the 2 pastures. The implications of the findings were discussed within a whole-farm context and it was concluded that E. curvula has a complimentary role to M. sativa for sowing on landscapes and in situations to which M. sativa is poorly adapted.

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