Nutrient status of apple trees in two productive orchards in Tasmania

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (116) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Graley
Keyword(s):  
Relative Stability ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Different Soils

The nutrient status of apple trees was assessed in two productive orchards on different soils in southern Tasmania. The concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in leaf samples was determined over three growing seasons, once in the first year and at three-weekly intervals in the second and third years. Comparisons were made with overseas standards of sufficiency in the elements, and relations were sought with apple yields and tree growths. For most of the elements there was a period of relative stability in concentration towards the latter half of the growing season (late January-early February). The representative concentration of all elements, estimated during this period, declined only slightly in the successive years but remained at sufficient levels, even though growth of the trees and apple yields increased greatly. A moderately high concentration of potassium in the leaves of a number of trees appeared to be associated with a depressed yield of the apples, apparently because it lowered the concentration of magnesium in the leaves.

scholarly journals Budset and Growth of Eastern White Pine Following Application of 6-Benzylaminopurine to Seedlings Fertilized with Different Levels of Nitrogen

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
L. Eric Hinesley ◽  
Robert D. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
One Year ◽  
Different Levels

Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) were potted and solution fed once weekly during 2 growing seasons with 5 levels of N in the irrigation water: 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm. Leaders were treated with 750 ppm 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) in late June of the first year. The higher N levels resulted in greater stem diameter, greater foliage dry weight, longer and heavier needle fascicles, better foliage color, greater budset after application of BA, and more and longer branches on the BA-treated leader the second growing season. BA should be applied to trees with N concentration ≥ 1.5% in one-year-old foliage.

scholarly journals Response of Micropropagated Apple Trees to Field Establishment Procedures

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1364-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Terminal Shoot

Growth, flowering, and fruiting of micropropagated `Jonathan' apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) transferred in Spring 1983 to the field from either a nursery, cold storage, or greenhouse were compared. First-year shoot and trunk growth was greatest for trees transplanted from the nursery and least for trees that were held in the greenhouse before being transferred to the field. Trees pruned low (35 cm) at planting time had more terminal shoot growth and less trunk cross-sectional area after the first growing season than those pruned high (90 cm). The effect of preplanting cultural practices on vegetative growth diminished in the 2nd year and disappeared by the end of the 3rd year in the orchard. Flowering began in 1985 and was only slightly affected by preplanting cultural practices and pruning treatments. Fruiting was not affected by the treatments.

scholarly journals Regeneration of Northern Red Oak in Relation to Ectomycorrhizae in Oak and Pine Stands after Overstory and Understory Manipulations

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minyi Zhou ◽  
Terry L. Sharik ◽  
Martin F. Jurgensen ◽  
Dana L. Richter ◽  
Margaret R. Gale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Pine Stands

Abstract Growth of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings in relation to colonization by indigenous ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi was studied in oak and pine stands in northern Lower Michigan that were subjected to overstory and understory manipulations. Two stand types (oak and pine), three blocks of each stand type, four canopy cover treatments (clearcut, 25% cover (50% cover in the first year), 75% cover and uncut), and two understory treatments (shrub removal and untreated control) were involved in the experiment. Northern red oak acorns from a common seed source were sown in May 1991 to simulate natural regeneration. Seedling growth and its relation to percent ECM were evaluated for the first two growing seasons. A significantly larger root-collar diameter of northern red oak seedlings was found in pine stands than in oak stands for the first growing season (P < 0.001). However, this difference could not be explained by overall ECM colonization. Seedling growth and ECM colonization were not affected by the shrub removal treatment during the first two growing seasons. In contrast, northern red oak seedling size and weight were strongly influenced by the overstory treatment, with lower levels of canopy cover resulting in larger seedlings. Seedlings had the greatest percent ECM in the partial cover treatment (25-50%) and the lowest percent ECM in the clearcut. After accounting for the effects of canopy cover, the relationship between total biomass of northern red oak seedlings and percent ECM was positively correlated (P = 0.001) during the first growing season and negatively correlated (P = 0.038) during the second growing season. A positive relationship between root/shoot ratio and percent ECM also existed in the first year (P = 0.003) in both oak and pine stands, but only in the oak stands in the second year (P = 0.039). These results indicate that ECM promoted more root development than shoot development, particularly underpartial canopy cover (25%-50%) treatments, where the greatest percent ECM and largest root/shoot ratio were found. Moreover, our results suggest that these partial canopy cover treatments provide a favorable balance between ECM abundance and northern red oak seedling development in both oak and pine stands on intermediate quality sites, and may lead to northern red oak regeneration success on such sites. North. J. Appl. For. 15(4):182-190.

scholarly journals Influence of Fertilization and Mycorrhizae on the Nutritional Status of Rhododendron (Rhododendron hybridum) in a Nursery

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Jarosz ◽  
Zenia Michałojć ◽  
Karolina Pitura ◽  
Katarzyna Dzida ◽  
Michał Koter
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Background: This study of the large-flowered azalea cv. ‘Anneke’ investigated the impact of two factors, i.e., methods of fertilization and mycorrhization, on the nutritional status of plants during three years of nursery cultivation. Methods: Single mineral fertilizers, a slow-release fertilizer Hortiform pH (SRF), and fertigation in combination with mycorrhization of plants, were applied. Plant roots were inoculated with fungi from the genera Oidiodendron and Hymenoscyphus sp. The nutritional status of the large-flowered azalea in the first three years of cultivation was assessed based on macroelements. Results: The analyses revealed significantly higher content of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium in the leaves of plants inoculated with fungal mycelium. A beneficial effect of plant mycorrhization on plant nutritional status, i.e., higher levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, was noted in the second and third years of azalea cultivation. Conclusions: Significant amounts of the nutrients were utilized in the middle of the growing season and almost fully utilized after the season. Hence, the necessity to supplement nutrients in each subsequent year of plant vegetation was postulated. Fertigation was shown to require further improvement of the nutrient solution.

scholarly journals The Suitability of Expanded Shale as an Amendment for Clay Soils

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 646-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Sloan ◽  
Wayne A. Mackay ◽  
Phil Colbaugh ◽  
Steve W. George ◽  
Sam Feagley
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
First Year ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Expanded Shale ◽  
Foliage Quality

Excessive soil moisture in clay soils can cause poor aeration and adversely affect plant growth. Small [1 to 3 mm (0.039 to 0.118 inches)] and large [3 to 6 mm (0.118 to 0.354 inches)] diameter expanded shales (ExSh), quartz sand, sphagnum peatmoss (SPM), and cottonseed hulls (CH) were evaluated as soil amendments for Austin silty clay soil. A 3-inch (7.6-cm) layer of each amendment was incorporated to a depth of 6 inches (15.2 cm), resulting in a 1:1 mixture by volume. Pansies (Viola × wittrockiana `Crown Azure Blue') were grown from December to June, followed by scaevola (Scaevola aemula `New Wonder') from June to November for two growing seasons. Foliage quality and extent of flowering were evaluated biweekly. Pansy root weights and above-ground biomass were quantified at the end of each growing season. None of the amendments significantly affected pansy foliage quality or the number of blooms per plant. Small diameter ExSh and SPM decreased pansy nitrogen content the first year after application, but not the second. During the first growing season, when soils were frequently saturated due to excessive rainfall, pansy root weights were significantly higher in soils amended with the small and large diameter ExSh. Large diameter ExSh treatments significantly increased the survival rate of transplanted scaevola plants and also the quality of foliage and percent blossom coverage during both growing seasons. Cottonseed hulls also increased scaevola survival for both growing seasons, but did not consistently improve scaevola foliage quality or bloom coverage. Of the five amendments tested, large diameter ExSh consistently improved overall plant performance more than the other amendments.

Seasonal variation in the nutrient composition of the foliage of pecan (Carya illinoensis)

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Cresswell ◽  
RJ Wickson
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
New South ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Leaves were sampled every 2 weeks throughout the 1980-81 and 1981-82 growing seasons from a commercial pecan orchard in New South Wales. Leaf concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were highest at leaf emergence and decreased with time. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium and boron were lowest early in the season and increased with time. There was no true seasonal pattern in leaf zinc which varied in apparent response to foliar zinc spray use. These trends were similar for the cultivars Witchita and Western Schley. Minimum seasonal variation in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, the main fertiliser nutrients, occurred between 1 February and 21 March. This period is therefore the most suitable for general diagnostic purposes such as the evaluation of fertiliser programs and surveys of crop nutrient status.

scholarly journals Roots, Tendrils, Sprouts and Shoots: A Case Study of Parkallen’s Community Garden, a permaculture project

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Wurfel
Keyword(s):  
Community Gardens ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
Community Garden ◽  
Community Gardening ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
The City

The first growing season of Edmonton’s Parkallen Community Garden began in Spring 2012. We transformed an unused strip of lawn bordering our hockey rink into a loamy, thriving “edible food forest” of corn, beans, squash, kale, tomatoes, carrots, potatoes, apple trees, and mammoth sunflowers. It is unlike most community gardens in that individual plots are not tended by individual gardeners; rather, the PCG is tended communally, by the community. The garden is open and accessible to the community, always, and all are welcome there, from the toddler whose only contribution is to chomp on a snowpea and water a dandelion, to the senior who wants to plant a tree in his community that he knows will outlive him. Hundreds of Parkallen residents have planted something, admired something, or munched on something there. In its first year Parkallen’s garden won The City of Edmonton’s top community gardening award from Communities in Bloom. This article is a case study of the Parkallen Community Garden. Through the lenses and observations of the author, it details how Parkallen’s permaculture design came, literally, to fruition and how permaculture has been interpreted and how it informs our garden and our gardening community.

Chemical characteristics of the foliage of some deciduous trees in southeastern Ontario

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 2037-2045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Ricklefs ◽  
Kathryn K. Matthew
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Leaf Toughness ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

We collected foliage from 34 species of broad-leaved, deciduous trees in southern Ontario and determined an index of leaf toughness, weight per unit area, percent water, and percent of dry weight as available carbohydrate, crude fibre, hemicellulose, holocellulose, lignin, polyphenols, nitrogen, phosphorus, ash, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. We analyzed variation in these constituents within samples, among three sampling periods during one growing season, and among species.

scholarly journals The Nitrogen Nutrition of the Peach Tree II. Storage And Mobilization of Nitrogen in Young Trees

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
BK Taylor ◽  
LH May
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
First Year ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Peach Trees

The chemical composition and distribution of storage nitrogen in young peach trees and the importance of this stored nitrogen for new growth were investigated. Young peach trees, which were grown in sand culture for two growing seasons, accumulated nitrogen in proportion to supply during the first year, and the results suggested that this stored nitrogen was utilized for new growth during the second growing season irrespective of the external nitrogen supply. Tree growth in early spring was significantly correlated with the level of storage nitrogen in tree tissues, but after November tree growth was markedly dependent upon the external nitrogen supply. If fertilizer nitrogen was not applied, the supply of storage nitrogen in tree tissues was exhausted by the end of November. Reaccumulation of storage nitrogen began in tree tissues in December and was rapid if the external nitrogen supply was high.

scholarly journals Analysis of the yield of selected apple varieties in the first years after the planting the orchard

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-249
Author(s):  
Weronika Masłowska ◽  
Daniel Liberacki
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
First Year ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Cultivation Period ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Analysis of the yield of selected apple varieties in the first years after the planting the orchard. The aim of the paperwork was to analyze the impact of innovative apple orchard cultivation on the yield of selected apple varietes: Galaval, Buckeye Gala, Golden Reinders, Grani and Fuji. The research ware conducted on orchard located in Gutowo Małe, Września county, in the Wielkopolskie province. The orchard was established in May 2016. The area of orchard is 4.0 ha and there are 7,600 annual and biennial apple seedlings. The analyzed apple varieties are used in foreign orchards. Cutting and forming trees is done in a different way, from the way it was done in traditional orchards. The purpose of this is to achieve better conditions of sunlight, which significantly affect the color of the fruit. Good coloring of fruit is one of the factors determining the profitability of crop. The aim of the study is to assess, the quality and quantity of yield of apple varieties, which have not been grown in Poland yet. The first harvest was recorded in 2017. The early cultivation period was characterized by the lack of irrigation. Atmospheric conditions of the studied area had a significant effect on the yield of apple trees. The considered year 2017 was defined as wet with a precipitation of 659 mm higher by 77 mm than the average over multiannual (2007-2017), while the temperature was higher by 0.4°C than the average over the period from 2007 to 2017. During the growing season, the sum of precipitation was 346 mm and slightly exceeded the long-term average. After the analysis of the harvest, it was found that the Fuji variety yielded best. Despite the dumping of more than half of the fruits from each tree, in order to improve their quality, the average yield was 15.0 t·ha-1, in the first year of yielding.

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