Effect of the liveweight of caged sheep on the digestibility of grasses fed ad libitum

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (116) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Minson ◽  
D Ratcliff
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
The Other ◽  
Digestive Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Complete Experiment ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ad Libitum

To determine the effect of liveweight on the digestibility of dry matter, 29 grass cuts were each fed ad libitum to between five and ten sheep of the same age. In the complete experiment 255 different sheep were used. All 255 observations were used to calculate regressions relating digestibility to liveweight for each of the 29 grasses. When the data were divided into four digestibility groups (< 50, 50-55, 55-60, > 60%) the regression coefficient for grasses with a digestibility less than 50% was 0.373 (P < 0.01). The regression coefficient for the other three groups varied between -0.080 and 0.049 (P> 0.05). The data were also analysed by comparing the results obtained with the heaviest and lightest sheep on each of the 29 cuts. When the 29 cuts were divided into four groups, as described above, there was no significant difference in mean digestibility between heaviest and lightest groups for feeds having a digestibility greater than 50%. For cuts with less than 50% digestibility the heaviest sheep digested the grass 4.2 percentage units more efficiently than the lightest sheep (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the level of feed residues. It was concluded from both methods of analysis that any effect of liveweight on the digestive efficiency of sheep is limited to forages with a dry matter digestibility less than 50%.

Effect of the liveweight of caged sheep and the amount of feed on offer on estimates of digestibility and ad libitum intake

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (82) ◽  
pp. 656 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Jeffery
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great Care ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Cent Increase ◽  
Kikuyu Grass ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Three experiments were conducted in which the amount of feed offered to caged sheep was varied. Fresh kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) was fed in one experiment and hays in the other two. Within each experiment a significant correlation between dry matter digestibility and liveweight occurred; no differences were detected between the slopes found with the various diets (slope = 0.34 per cent increase in digestibility per kg liveweight). Up to 60 per cent more kikuyu grass was offered to sheep than they could consume. Over this range a significant positive correlation was found between the ratio of the unconsumed to consumed feed and digestibility. This result indicates that great care should be exercised if the results of sheep digestibility experiments are used to interpret field data.

scholarly journals NUTRITIVE VALUE OF FRESH AND DRIED MARROW-STEM KALE HARVESTED AT TWO DIFFERENT PERIODS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. PELLETIER ◽  
E. DONEFER
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Plant Constituents ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Three yearling Cheviot × Suffolk ewes and three Columbia wethers were confined in metabolic cages and fed ad libitum fresh and dried marrow-stem kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala D.C.) harvested in mid- and late October. Chemical analyses of the forages indicated no marked effects on any of the plant constituents due to drying or advancing maturity. Digestibility measurements demonstrated that marrow-stem kale (MSK) was a highly digestible material with an average dry matter digestibility of 78%. The fresh forages had higher (P < 0.05) dry matter and gross energy digestibility values than the dried form. Dry matter digestibility coefficients were higher (P < 0.05) for late October as compared with the earlier harvest. A trend toward higher (P > 0.05) voluntary intake values due to drying maturity was observed with an average relative intake of 80%. The nutritive value index averaged 65, thus indicating a digestible energy intake similar to a high-quality (legume) forage.

scholarly journals KECERNAAN IN VITRO SILASE SAMPAH SAYUR DAN DAUN GAMAL MENGGUNAKAN MIKROORGANISME RUMEN KAMBING

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Indrayani Indrayani ◽  
Harapin Hafid ◽  
Dian Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter level waste silage mixed vegetables and Gliricidia leaves were tested in vitro. This study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications. Each of these treatments is R0 (Gliricidia leaves 100%), R1 (Gliricidia leaves 70% + 30% silage vegetable waste), and R2 (Gliricidia leaves 40% + 60% silage vegetable waste). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further testing using the test Honestly Significant Difference (HSD). The results of ANOVA showed that the mixture of vegetable waste silage was highly significant (p <0.05) on dry matter digestibility and significantly (p <0.05) on the digestibility of organic matter. It can be concluded that the mixed of vegetable waste silage and Gliricidia leaves can improved digestibility of dry matter and organic matter, treatment of 40% and 60% Gliricidia leaves plus waste vegetable produce silage dry matter digestibility and percentage of organic matter is best (72,24% and 68,19%).Keyword: Silage vegetable waste, gliricidia leaves, dry and organic matter digestibilityABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecenaan bahan kering dan bahan organik tingkat campuran silase sampah sayur dan daun gamal yang diuji secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Masing-masing perlakuan tersebut ialah R0 (daun gamal 100%), R1 (daun gamal 70% + silase sampah sayur 30%), dan R2 (daun gamal 40% + silase sampah sayur 60%). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut menggunakan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ). Hasil analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa campuran silase sampah sayur berpengaruh sangat nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kecernaan bahan kering dan berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kecernaan bahan organik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan campuran silase sampah sayur dan daun gamal dapat meningkatkan kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik, perlakuan 40% daun gamal dan 60% silase sampah sayur menghasilkan persentase kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik yang terbaik yaitu (72,24% dan 68,19%).Kata kunci : Silase sampah sayur, daun gamal, kecernaan bahan kering, dan bahan organik.

Effect of grain or silage supplementation on meat quality attributes of cryptorchid lambs grazing lucerne or annual grass-clover pastures

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Hopkins ◽  
PJ Holst ◽  
DG Hall
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum

Objective and subjective tests for quality were performed on the meat from 40 cryptorchid second-cross lambs fed lucerne only (L; n = 8), lucerne plus an oat grain supplement ad libitum (LO; n = lo), lucerne plus wilted lucerne silage ad libitum (LS; n = 11), or an oat-lupin grain (3:1) supplement at 90% of ad libitum while grazing dry summer annual pasture (OL; n = 11). All carcasses complied with the Elite lamb specification of weight >22 kg and GR measurement 6-15 mm. There was no significant difference between groups for hot carcass weight, the mean (� s.e) values being 25.1 0.43, 25.2 � 0.36,25.2 � 0.38, and 25.3 � 0.36 kg for L, LS, LO, and OL groups, respectively. When the GR and fat depth over the eye muscle at the 12th rib were adjusted to a common carcass weight of 25.2 kg there was no significant difference between groups. There was no significant difference between groups for pH, or the colour values a*, b*, and L* of the M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (a* is relative redness, b* relative yellowness, and L* relative lightness). The shear force values for the loin muscle were significantly (P<0.05) greater for lambs from group OL than for those from group LO. Cooking loss for the loin muscle was significantly (P<0.05) greater for OL lambs than all other groups. A comparison of the mean values for aroma and flavour showed the lambs from group OL produced meat that was considered significantly (P<0.05) less desirable for these characteristics, with other groups being similar. Meat from OL-fed lambs was considered oilier and less meaty than meat from lambs fed the other diets. There was a significant (P<0.05) difference in absolute scores between panellists, but their ranking was not affected and there was no panellist x sample interaction. Because many producers use grain supplements such as oats and lupins for finishing lambs on dry forages, further study is recommended that focuses on the interaction between supplement and the base forage.

Differences between the in vitro digestibility of extrusa collected from oesophageal fistulated steers and the forage consumed

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Coates ◽  
Robert J. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
C3 Grasses

In a study that included C4 tropical grasses, C3 temperate grasses and C3 pasture legumes, in vitro dry matter digestibility of extrusa, measured as in vitro dry matter loss (IVDML) during incubation, compared with that of the forage consumed, was greater for grass extrusa but not for legume extrusa. The increase in digestibility was not caused by mastication or by the freezing of extrusa samples during storage but by the action of saliva. Comparable increases in IVDML were achieved merely by mixing bovine saliva with ground forage samples. Differences were greater than could be explained by increases due to completely digestible salivary DM. There was no significant difference between animals in relation to the saliva effect on IVDML and, except for some minor differences, similar saliva effects on IVDML were measured using either the pepsin–cellulase or rumen fluid–pepsin in vitro techniques. For both C4 and C3 grasses the magnitude of the differences were inversely related to IVDML of the feed and there was little or no difference between extrusa and feed at high digestibilities (>70%) whereas differences of more than 10 percentage units were measured on low quality grass forages. The data did not suggest that the extrusa or saliva effect on digestibility was different for C3 grasses than for C4 grasses but data on C3 grasses were limited to few species and to high digestibility samples. For legume forages there was no saliva effect when the pepsin–cellulase method was used but there was a small but significant positive effect using the rumen fluid–pepsin method. It was concluded that when samples of extrusa are analysed using in vitro techniques, predicted in vivo digestibility of the feed consumed will often be overestimated, especially for low quality grass diets. The implications of overestimating in vivo digestibility and suggestions for overcoming such errors are discussed.

Supplemental skim milk before and after weaning improves growth performance of pigs

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
D. J. Kerton ◽  
P. J. Eason ◽  
R. H. King
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large White ◽  
Liquid Feed ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pelleted Feed ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Milk Feeding

Twelve Large White × Landrace sows nursing litters of 6 boars and 6 gilts were used in this study. Six litters suckled the sow only, whereas the other 6 litters received supplemental liquid skim milk (200 g/L) ad libitum from Day 10 until Day 20. On Day 20 the 4 heaviest pigs of each sex were allocated to 2 pairs and were weaned. Each pair was offered either pelleted or pelleted plus liquid feed. For the first 2 days post-weaning, each pair of liquid-supplemented pigs received liquid skim milk (250 g/L). On Day 23, pelleted feed was added to the milk. The ratio of liquid to pelleted feed was adjusted daily until, on Day 28, pigs were provided with pelleted feed only until 41 days of age. Supplemental skim milk increased growth (223 v. 291 g/day, P < 0.001) between Days 10 and 20 of age so that by weaning supplemented pigs were 10% (6.13 v. 6.74 kg, P = 0.038) heavier than unsupplemented pigs. Skim milk intake increased linearly from 190 to 600 g/day per pig over the 10 days of supplementation. Supplemental milk feeding did not alter sow liveweight change (−31.9 v. −30.3 kg for sows nursing litters with and without supplementation, respectively, P = 0.894) or change in P2 backfat thickness (−5.3 v. −4.2 mm, P = 0.279) between farrowing and Day 20 of age. Pigs weaned onto skim milk and pellets ate more (257 v. 30 g dry matter (DM)/day, P < 0.001) and grew better (213 v. −151 g/day, P < 0.001) over the first 2 days post-weaning than pigs weaned onto only pellets. Piglets provided with liquid feed after weaning continued to grow faster beyond Day 22, resulting in the benefit of weaning onto liquid feed being maintained until at least 41 days of age (14.1 v. 12.8 kg, P < 0.001). In conclusion, skim milk feeding before and after weaning can result in cumulative improvements in growth performance in the nursery.

Effects of cottonseed meal and cereal grain supplements on intake and utilisation of alkali-treated wheat straw by cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
JC Spragg ◽  
RC Kellaway ◽  
TJ Kempton
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Ad Libitum

Effects of cottonseed meal and cereal grain supplements on intake and utilisation of alkali-treated wheat straw were studied with 45 Friesian heifers (250 kg liveweight) in individual pens. Responses were measured in terms of feed intake and growth rate over 60 days. The basal diet fed ad libitum was coarsely milled wheat straw which was alkali-treated, sprayed with a solution containing urea, sulfur, copper and cobalt and sprinkled with dicalcium phosphate. Animals were also fed 800 g/day of 1 of 5 supplements: cottonseed meal (CSM), whole barley (WB), cracked barley (CB), ammonia-treated whole barley (NB) and extruded barley (EB). Intakes of the basal diet did not differ significantly between groups. Digestible organic matter in dry matter (%) was 53.1, 51.7, 47.2, 47.7, and 48.7 with supplements CSM, CB, WB, NB and EB, respectively; values for CSM and CB were significantly higher than for the other supplements (P< 0.05). Liveweight gains were 891,761,639, 657 and 784 g/day with the respective supplements, and did not differ significantly between CSM, CB and EB. We concluded that CSM did not stimulate intake of roughage more than supplements of barley grain, and that growth of the cattle was limited primarily by intake of energy.

An assessment of chromic oxide as an indigestible marker for digestion studies in sheep

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Faichney
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Single Marker ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Faecal Concentration

SUMMARYFistulated cross-bred sheep were given, by means of continuous feeders, concentrate diets containing chromic oxide (Cr2O3). Dry-matter digestibility coefficients predicted from the faecal concentration of Cr2O3 were compared with those obtained by total collection of faeces, and the concentration of Cr2O3 in spot samples of faeces taken at different times of day was compared with that in faeces bulked over an 8-day collection period. The rate of flow of digesta from the abomasum and the partition of digestion between the stomach and intestines, calculated from the concentration of Cr2O3 in samples of abomasal digesta, were compared with values obtained using two markers, one of which remained in solution while the other was adsorbed by particulate matter.Récovery of Cr2O3 in the faeces ranged from 91 to 101% and predicted dry-matter digestibilities were similar to those obtained by total collection. There was no diurnal variation but there was marked random variation in the concentration of Cr2O3 in spot samples of faeces. Cr2O3 was shown to behave independently of the particulate matter in digesta and, as a single marker, it significantly underestimated the flow of digesta from the abomasum relative to the double marker method. Cr2O3 thus overestimated digestion in the stomach and underestimated digestion in the intestines. It was concluded that Cr2O3 was not a satisfactory marker for studies of the flow of digesta and hence the partition of digestion within the gastro-intestinal tract when digesta samples are taken from a simple cannula.

Long- and short-term effects on intake of pelleting a roughage for sheep

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. D. Greenhalgh ◽  
G. W. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
05 C ◽  
Digestive Organs ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Chopped Grass

SUMMARY1. Four groups of eight castrated male lambs, weighing initially about 37 kg, were fed ad libitum for 18 weeks on: C, chopped dried grass throughout; P, pelleted grass throughout; C/P (or P/C), the two forms alternated every 3 weeks; or C + P, both forms on offer.2. Daily dry-matter intake (g/kg W0·75) was 58·2 for treatment C and 814 for treatment P; thus the long-term difference in intake was 40%. However, in the alternated sheep, dry-matter intake was 53·6 g/kg W0·75 for chopped grass and 86·5 g for pelleted; this short-term difference (61%) was significantly greater than the long-term difference. Dry-matter intake for treatment C+P was 84·9 g/kg W0·75; after the first week, chopped grass comprised only 10% of this. Dry-matter digestibility coefficients (%) were: C, 740; P, 61·4 and C+P, 62·0.3. The sheep were killed in week 19 and the dimensions of digestive organs and their contents were adjusted to an animal of 50 kg empty body weight. The weight of the reticulo-rumen was greater for C (1·30 kg) than for P (0·94) or C+ P (1·05), C/P and P/C being inter-mediate (1·15). The water-filled volume of the rumen was proportional to weight, except that C/P (alternated sheep finishing on pelleted grass) had low volumes. Reticulo-rumen fill was greater for C (7·28 kg) than for P (3·97) or C+ P (4·53), P/C (5·90) and C/P (4·34) being intermediate. There were no other significant differences in organs or contents.4. Gains in empty-body weight (g/day) were: C, 112; P, 181; C/P and P/C, 126; C + P, 195.

scholarly journals Effects of feeding Ailanthus excelsa (Roxb.) leaves on desert lamb’s feed intake, nutrients digestibility and growth performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Musa Tibin Musa Ahmed ◽  
Alsharif Zahra Alfaki ◽  
Mohammed Abutaba Yahia Ibrahim ◽  
Jadalla Jumaa Barram ◽  
Ebrahiem Mohammed Alhadi
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Ailanthus Excelsa ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nutrients Digestibility

This trial was designed to study the effect of intake of ailanto (Ailanthus excelsa) fodder on dry matter intake, nutrients digestibility and performance of Sudanese Desert lambs. Twelve heads of lambs, six months old and weighing (17+ 0.37) kg were divided into three groups with four heads each. They were vaccinated and dosed with broad-spectrum antihelmentics (ivermectin) for treatment against internal and external parasites and ear- tagged to facilitate identification during treatments. The Ailanthus excelsa, fodder, groundnut haulms and the natural grazing was fed to group I, II and III, respectively. Water was provided continuously and feed intake was monitored daily. The feed samples were analyzed and apparent nutrients digestibility was determined by total feces collection method. This complete randomized design data was analyzed via analysis of variance and differences among means were detected using Least Significant Difference test (LSD). Feed intake was significantly (P<0.05) higher for group 1 followed by the group on groundnut haulms and finally the group on the natural grazing where the amounts consumed was 865.90, 850 and 800 grams per day. Dry matter digestibility was the highest in the group on Ailanthus excelsa fodder, followed by groundnut haulms ​​and the lowest for those on natural grazing where DMD was 75.67, 67.45, and 56.45%, organic matter digestibility 78.61, 69.65 and 57.55%. Body weight changes indicated that they were higher in the Ailanthus excelsa fodder group and then in the groundnut haulms group and lower in the natural grazing group. The highest daily weight gain (60 grams) was obtained when animals fed on Ailanthus excelsa fodder compared to 45 grams and 40 grams a day for the group fed groundnut haulms and natural grazing, respectively.

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