Nutrient problems in sown pasture on an acid soil. 3. Thermal phosphates

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (110) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
KD McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Second Year

Two thermal silico-phosphates, Rhenania phoshate and Mitsui phosphate, were compared with superphosphate, in the presence and absence of lime, as phosphate fertilizers for an infertile acid soil. The field evidence suggested that silico-phosphates, up to rates supplying 193 kg P ha-1, can be as effective as the lime-superphosphate combination. The combination, supplying 386 kg P ha-1 yielded 4.9 and 8.0 t dry matter ha-1 in the first and second years respectively. Rhenania and Mitsui phosphates, each supplying 193 kg P ha-1, respectively yielded 3.1 and 2.8 t ha-1 in the first year and 4.4 and 5.2 t ha-1 in the second year. There was no evidence that thermal phosphates were superior to the limesuperphosphate combination. All three phosphates had a good residual value in the field. Lime-superphosphate, lime-silicate, and Rhenania phosphate dressings increased soil pH and reduced titratable soil acidity, which in this case was principally exchangeable aluminium. Supplying calcium and raising soil pH appeared to be more important effects of these fertilizers than the effect of their silicate content, though there was some evidence of a positive interaction between the effects of calcium and pH, and the effect of the silicate. Plant growth increased the titratable acidity in proportion to the growth made and the evidence was consistent with the formation of an aluminium-phosphorus complex providing an important source of phosphorus. The role of such a complex in the heavy phosphate applications required and the good residual value of these dressings are-discussed.

scholarly journals Sperm Cryopreservation in American Flamingo (Phoenicopterus Ruber): Influence of Cryoprotectants and Seminal Plasma Removal

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
María Gemma Millán de la Blanca ◽  
Eva Martínez-Nevado ◽  
Cristina Castaño ◽  
Juncal García ◽  
Berenice Bernal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sperm Cryopreservation ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Family ◽  
Second Year ◽  
American Flamingo ◽  
Phoenicopterus Ruber

The American flamingo is a useful model for the development of successful semen cryopreservation procedures to be applied to threatened related species from the family Phoenicopteridae, and to permit genetic material banking. Current study sought to develop effective sperm cryopreservation protocols through examining the influences of two permeating cryoprotectants and the seminal plasma removal. During two consecutive years (April), semen samples were collected and frozen from American flamingos. In the first year, the effect of two permeating cryoprotectants, DMA (dimethylacetamide) (6%) or Me2SO (dimethylsulphoxide) (8%), on frozen–thawed sperm variables were compared in 21 males. No differences were seen between DMA and Me2SO for sperm motility, sperm viability, and DNA fragmentation after thawing. In the second year, the role of seminal plasma on sperm cryoresistance was investigated in 31 flamingos. Sperm samples were cryopreserved with and without seminal plasma, using Me2SO (8%) as a cryoprotectant. The results showed that samples with seminal plasma had higher values than samples without seminal plasma for the following sperm variables: Straight line velocity (22.40 µm/s vs. 16.64 µm/s), wobble (75.83% vs. 69.40%), (p < 0.05), linearity (62.73% vs. 52.01%) and straightness (82.38% vs. 73.79%) (p < 0.01); but acrosome integrity was lower (55.56% vs. 66.88%) (p < 0.05). The cryoresistance ratio (CR) was greater in samples frozen with seminal plasma than without seminal plasma for CR-progressive motility (138.72 vs. 54.59), CR-curvilinear velocity (105.98 vs. 89.32), CR-straight line velocity (152.77 vs. 112.58), CR-average path velocity (122.48 vs. 98.12), CR-wobble (111.75 vs. 102.04) (p < 0.05), CR-linearity (139.41 vs. 113.18), and CR-straightness (124.02 vs. 109.97) (p < 0.01). This research demonstrated that there were not differences between Me2SO and DMA to successful freezing sperm of flamingos; seminal plasma removal did not provide a benefit for sperm cryopreservation.

scholarly journals DOES FINTECH MATTER FOR INDONESIA’S ECONOMIC GROWTH?

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-456
Author(s):  
Seema Wati Narayan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
First Year ◽  
Stock Market Development ◽  
Endogenous Growth Theory ◽  
Investment And Financing ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Financial Technology

This paper investigates the role of financial technology (FinTech) in propelling economic growth in Indonesia from 1998 to 2018. The FinTech industry employs a technology-based business model to provide financial services, including lending, payment, investment, and financing services. The study is motivated by endogenous growth theory, which seeks to explain technology as the most important driver of economic growth. The study finds that FinTech startups are positively correlated with Indonesia’s economic growth. FinTech firms in their first year are found to be disruptive, but they fail to have serious consequences on Indonesia’s economic growth; however, they seem to significantly encourage economic growth in their second year. These findings are derived after accounting for other important growth determinants, namely, capital per labor, foreign direct investment (FDI), stock market development, and trade openness.

Role of Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy in the Management of Children with Middle Ear Effusion

1980 ◽  
Vol 89 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
First Year ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Ear Effusion

Evidence for the clinical effectiveness of adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in the management of children with persistent middle ear effusions is incomplete and what evidence there is in the literature is not convincing. In the first year after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy there is less otitis media. The beneficial effects of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy on the incidence of otitis media declines in the second year after the operation. The prevailing opinion is that adenoidectomy is not indicated in the vast majority of children in whom a middle ear effusion has persisted for six weeks or more in spite of antibiotic therapy. Factors favoring an adenoidectomy would be persistent nasal obstruction, persistent purulent rhinorrhea and persistent adenoiditis. The role of tonsillectomy is even less clear, but the decision regarding tonsillectomy is made by most clinicians on the basis of the amount of intercurrent or chronic tonsillitis rather than on the basis of the middle ear effusion per se.

Nutrient problems in sown pasture on an acid soil. 2. Role of lime and superphosphate

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (106) ◽  
pp. 568 ◽  
Author(s):  
KD McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
P 16 ◽  
Exchangeable Magnesium

A study was made of the role of superphosphate and lime on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) production on an infertile acid soil in pot culture. Both fertilizers increased the exchangeable calcium in this deficient soil. Lime and superphosphate were involved in nodulation of the clover plants. There was no evidence of the direct involvement of either of them in the nitrogen fixation process, but they did increase nitrogen uptake by the plants. Once the legume functioned adequately, full expression of the yield response to phosphorus on this deficient soil followed. Most efficient phosphorus use occurred at the lime 1255, superphosphate 2000 kg ha-1 level (lime 1/2, P 16). Heavy lime dressing reduced exchangeable magnesium and the phosphorus available to the plant. Aluminium and pH were involved in the effects observed. Lime reduced CaCl2-extractable aluminium and the titratable acidity in the soil. Phosphate increased the CaCl2-extractable aluminium and apparently reduced the titratable aluminium. The combined treatments reduced these three attributes and promoted increased plant growth. Increased plant growth was associated with increased aluminium uptake by the plants, which suggests that the real effect of aluminium may have been on the calcium and phosphorus uptake by the plants, rather than on the toxic nature of the element itself.

The residual value of a sulphatic fertilizer applied to a basaltic soil

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Spencer
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Potential Response ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Willow Tree

Yield responses d a native pasture on a basaltic soil near Willow Tree, New South Wales, were measured in the second, fourth, and seventh years after the application of several rates of calcium sulphate in the first year. The value of the residues declined sharply at first and then more slowly. Fifty per cent of the potential response by the legumes (the responsive component of the pasture) was achieved by an application of 7lb of sulphur an acre in the first year ; residues from an application of 20 lb of sulphur an acre were required in the second year, and from 48 lb S of sulphur an acre in the fourth year, to obtain the equivalent responses. By the seventh year, effects were too small to allow the derivation of a comparable figure.

scholarly journals Comparison of phosphate fertilisers in a grazed hill country pasture

1990 ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Reactive Phosphate Rock ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Second Year

A grazing trial evaluated the agronomic effectiveness of 3 different types of phosphate (P) fertilisers. The same fertilisers were also evaluated in a small-plot mowing trial located within the grazing trial. In the grazing trial, which covered 35 ha of summer moist hill country, the partially acidulated phosphate rock (PAPR) and reactive phosphate rock (RPR) were as effective as superphosphate in stimulating legume and pasture production in the first year. In the second year the two slow-release materials continued to perform as well as SSP. In contrast in the mowing trial, superphosphate was more effective than RPR in the first year. This trial technique clearly underestimates the initial effectiveness of PAPR and RPR in grazed hill country. The traditional small-plot mowing trial technique, and the role of PAPR and RPR fertilisers in hill country, both need re-evaluation. Keywords hill country, superphosphate, slow release fertilisers, mowing trials, grazed pasture

Residual value of superphosphate and rock phosphate on an acid soil I. Yields and phosphorus uptakes in the field

1963 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. G. Mattingly ◽  
F. V. Widdowson
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Isotope Dilution Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Rye Grass

1. A field experiment on an acid soil long in arable cropping at Rothamsted measured residual effects of superphosphate, applied at several rates, and Gafsa rock phosphate applied at a single rate. Residues were valued after 1 year with barley, and after 2 years with rye-grass. In each year, the value of the residues was related to yields from fresh superphosphate dressings taken as standards. ‘Percentage fresh superphosphate equivalents’ of the residues were determined using yields and P uptakes of both crops. An isotope dilution method with 32P was also used with barley. The experiment was continued for 2 further years without applying phosphate fertilizers, to measure yields and P uptakes from the residues and yields and P uptakes from rock phosphate relative to superphosphate.2. ‘Percentage fresh superphosphate equivalents’ of residues of superphosphate for barley varied with the growth of the crop and with the method used to calculate them. They were 21–24%6 weeks after sowing, measured from yield, P uptake or isotope dilution. At harvest, they were 26% from yield, 43% from P uptake and 49% by isotope dilution. ‘Percentage fresh superphosphate equivalents’ 6 weeks after sowing increased with the rate of superphosphate but at harvest were independent of rate. ‘Percentage superphosphate equivalents’ of Gafsa rock phosphate were much smaller; they increased from 2–3% 6 weeks after sowing to 7–12% at harvest.3. With rye-grass ‘percentage fresh superphosphate equivalents’ of residues of superphosphate applied either 1 or 2 years previously also varied with growth. All methods of valuation showed that residues were about twice as effective after 1 year as after 2 years in the soil. ‘Percentage fresh superphosphate equivalents’ derived from P uptake remained constant during growth and were 37–38% for superphosphate applied 1 year before and 18–20% for superphosphate applied 2 years before. Values derived from rye-grass yields decreased during growth from 76 to 45% (1-year residues) and from 38 to 21% (2-year residues).4. After cropping with barley for 2 more years, there was little difference between yields or P uptakes from equal amounts of superphosphate whether applied 3 or 4 years previously. Residues from rock phosphate were almost equivalent to those from superphosphate after 3–4 years.5. Apparent recoveries of superphosphate, as percentages of the amount applied, decreased with rate. The apparent recovery of P by crops in 5 years was about 21% from superphosphate and about 10% from rock phosphate when both were applied at 3·0 owt. P2O5 per acre.

scholarly journals Orchard Cooling with Pulsed Overtree Irrigation to Prevent Solar Injury and Improve Fruit Quality of `Jonagold' Apples

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 802-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Parchomchuk ◽  
M. Meheriuk
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
First Year ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Fruit Surface ◽  
Soluble Solids Concentration

Pulsed application of overtree irrigation for evaporative cooling of `Jonagold' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) reduced visible solar injury by 15.8% (1991) and 9.4% (1992). Maximum fruit surface temperature was reduced by 8.1 °C on a day when the average surface mean of nonsprayed fruit rose to 45.6 °C. Air heated more slowly than the exposed fruit surface and was cooled only 1 to 2 °C by overtree irrigation. Cooling did not affect fruit size, firmness, or redness but reduced soluble solids concentration and increased titratable acidity. Storage breakdown was unaffected in the first year but was reduced by 6.0% in the second year.

scholarly journals Lime and Manure Amendment Improve Soil Fertility, Productivity and Nutrient Uptake of Rice–Mustard Cropping Pattern in an Acidic Terrace Soil

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1070
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Moyeed Hasan Talukder ◽  
Mohammad Anamul Hoque ◽  
Shihab Uddin ◽  
Tahsina Sharmin Hoque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Boro Rice

Acid soil is an obstacle to agricultural development and a concern regarding food and environmental security. Therefore, a study was carried out for two consecutive years to see how lime and organic manure (OM) amendments affect yield and nutrient absorption in the Transplanted (T.) Aman–Mustard–Boro cropping pattern in an acidic terrace soil. With nine treatments and three replications, the experiment was set in a randomized complete block design. The treatments were applied to the first crop, T. Aman, with different dosages of lime (dololime at the rate of 1 and 2 t ha−1), OM (cow dung at 5 t ha−1, poultry manure at 3 t ha−1) and lime–OM combination, and their residual effects were studied in the following mustard and boro rice crops. Results demonstrate that the effect of lime and manure was more pronounced in the case of the second and third crops in the first year and of all crops in the pattern in the second year. In the first year, grain and straw yield of T. Aman as well as the overall system productivity were not influenced significantly by the application of lime and manure, but significant increases were obtained in the second year. As an average of both years, the highest grain yield of 5.2 t ha−1 (12% over control) was recorded for T. Aman, 1.7 t ha−1 (41% over control) for mustard and 5.9 t ha−1 (47% over control, 3.9 t ha−1) for boro rice when dololime was applied in combination with poultry manure. In both years, N, P, K and S uptake were significantly increased compared to the control in all the crops due to the combined application of lime and cow dung or poultry manure. Combined application of lime and manure amendment significantly improved nutrient availability and soil quality. Therefore, applying lime in combination with manure can be practiced to uplift crop productivity in acidic terrace soils.

Uptake of selenite fertilizer by subterranean clover pasture in Western Australia

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
BR Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Annual Application

. Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) based pastures were fertilised with sodium selenite at 9 rates from 0 to 800 g Se/ha on 2 sites in 1983. In order to measure the residual value in 1984 and 1985, further applications of sodium selenite were superimposed on the original 9 treatments. Green pasture was sampled annually, dry pasture was sampled once, only in 1984 and the concentration of selenium in the pasture was measured. The sampled pasture was sorted into 2 components: subterranean clover, and non-subterranean clover. Except for the third site that had a quadratic response for the non-subterranean clover component of the pasture, the concentration of selenium in plants increased linearly with application rate. The selenium concentration in subterranean clover was lower than that in the other species in the pasture. Differences between years were large: in 1985, the concentration in plant material was twice that in 1983 and 1984. The dry summer feed had higher concentrations of selenium than the green pasture. The residual value of selenite was 25% in the first year and 15% in the second year. Adequate dietary levels of selenium for sheep would require an annual application of about 200 g sodium selenite/ha to these soils.

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