Assessing irrigation requirements in the Ord Sugar Industry using a simulation modelling approach

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Muchow ◽  
B. A. Keating
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Irrigation Water Requirement ◽  
Irrigation Requirement ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Irrigation Requirements ◽  
Modelling Approach

Summary. Sustainable irrigation guidelines that maximise profitability and minimise water losses and accession to the watertable are required for the new Ord Sugar Industry. In addition, knowledge on crop water requirements is needed to guide water allocation and costing policies for the expanding Ord Irrigation Area where sugarcane is likely to be a dominant crop. Field data indicating water requirements for sugar in the Ord Irrigation Area are few and this paper deploys a modelling approach to extrapolate from knowledge of water requirements in other parts of the world. The approach links long-term climatic data with soil water characteristics of the main soil type, with a cropping systems model, to develop indicative estimates of irrigation water requirement and yield consequences for different management options for sugarcane production in the Ord. Analyses of the growth of 12-month old ratoon crops were conducted using the APSIM–Sugarcane model with historical climatic data from 1960 to 1985 and either a deep (188 mm available water to 160 cm depth) or shallow (144 mm of water to 120 cm depth) Cununurra clay soil. Under maximum attainable growth conditions where crops were irrigated after half the soil water supply was depleted, average sucrose yield ranged from 26.7 to 29.0 t/ha, and the irrigation requirement (assuming 100% application efficiency) ranged from 22.7 to 23.8 ML/ha depending on ratooning date. Soil water holding capacity had a major effect on the number of irrigations and the interval between irrigation for a given irrigation schedule but little effect on yield or irrigation requirement. Varying the irrigation schedule by changing the level of soil water depletion before irrigation and thus the irrigation frequency, showed the tradeoff between yield and irrigation requirement with the most profitable irrigation schedule depending on the price of sucrose and the cost of irrigation relative to other costs. Most of the year-to-year variation in irrigation water requirement could be explained by the highly variable effectiveness in soil storage of rainfall which ranged from 44 to 93%. This study has provided insight and indicative estimates of the yield and irrigation requirements for different irrigation management options for use in the establishment of an Ord River sugar industry. These estimates will be further refined as field data become available.

A CLIMATIC MOISTURE INDEX FOR LAND AND SOIL CLASSIFICATION IN CANADA

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. SLY
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Soil Water Conditions ◽  
Irrigation Requirements

Recent advances in the application of computer techniques for determining irrigation requirements from climatic data have made possible the development of a climatic moisture index to supplement conventional methods used in land and soil classification. The index approximates the ability of precipitation to provide the water required by annual crops if their production is not limited by water stress. Standardization of the non-climatic variables involved in its determination does not unduly restrict the range of soil textures and spring soil water conditions to which it applies. The values of the index in the various climatic regimes across the country are shown and their use in providing supplemental information for land and soil classification is indicated.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN AIR IRIGASI MENGGUNAKAN METODE CROPWAT VERSION 8.0

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Hanan Shalsabillah ◽  
Khairul Amri ◽  
Gusta Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Irrigation Water Requirement ◽  
Irrigation Requirement ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Value Prediction ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Reference Plant

The Irrigation Area of Air Nipis is located in Regency of South Bengkulu at Bengkulu Province with irrigation area 3.116 Ha. Planning and management of irrigation systems is one of the important steps to determine the irrigation water requirement as a whole. The purpose of this research is aim to analyze the water requirement to get value prediction of minimum and maximum irrigation water requirement in irrigation area of Air Nipis using the CROPWAT Version 8.0 method. Irrigation water requirements obtained from CROPWAT Version 8.0 are based on climate data, soil data and plants.The parameters that were reference plant evapotranspiration, effective rainfall, soil treatment, soil data, and plants. The results of the research showed that the maximum irrigation requirement for calculation using CROPWAT 8.0 software occurred in the first 10 days of December (14,49 m3/sec), while the minimum irrigation water requirements for CROPWAT 8.0 occurs in mid to end March (0,04 m3/sec).

scholarly journals Application of FAO-CROPWAT Modelling on Estimation of Irrigation Scheduling for Paddy Cultivation in Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Narmilan ◽  
M. Sugirtharan
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Irrigation Requirement ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
The North ◽  
June July ◽  
Irrigation Requirements

Agriculture sector is one of the main sources of income in the North eastern and some of the North western parts of Sri Lanka. Over the past decade, many countries around the world have witnessed a growing scarcity and competition for water among different users. Since Agriculture is the major user of water, improving agricultural water management is essential to any irrigation management approach specially to apply the exact amount of water to the field in order to meet crop water requirement. This study aims to estimate water requirement of rice by using the model CROPWAT. According to the study, effective rainfall was found to be 601mm and 133 mm in Maha and Yala season respectively. Total crop water requirements are 349 mm and 436 mm in Maha and Yala season respectively. Irrigation scheduling carried out by CROPWAT revealed that, the gross irrigation requirement is 473 mm and net irrigation requirement is 331 mm. Net scheme irrigation requirements are 40, 106, 100 and 22 mm per month in May, June, July and August respectively. Further, flow of net scheme irrigation requirements is found to be 0.15, 0.41, 0.37 and 0.08 l/s/ha in May, June, July and August respectively. Therefore, the model for planning of irrigation water requirements of rice is very important for efficient utilization of water and to meet the possible change of climate in agricultural sector.

scholarly journals Assessment of Agricultural Water Requirements for Semi-Arid Areas: A Case Study of the Boufakrane River Watershed (Morocco)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10379
Author(s):  
Mohammed El Hafyani ◽  
Ali Essahlaoui ◽  
Kimberley Fung-Loy ◽  
Jason A. Hubbart ◽  
Anton Van Rompaey
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Crop Types ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Irrigation Requirements

This work was undertaken to develop a low-cost but reliable assessment method for agricultural water requirements in semi-arid locations based on remote sensing data/techniques. In semi-arid locations, water resources are often limited, and long-term water consumption may exceed the natural replenishment rates of groundwater reservoirs. Sustainable land management in these locations must include tools that facilitate assessment of the impact of potential future land use changes. Agricultural practices in the Boufakrane River watershed (Morocco) were used as a case study application. Land use practices were mapped at the thematic resolution of individual crops, using a total of 13 images generated from the Sentinel-2 satellites. Using a supervised classification scheme, crop types were identified as cereals, other crops followed by cereals, vegetables, olive trees, and fruit trees. Two classifiers were used, namely Support vector machine (SVM) and Random forest (RF). A validation of the classified parcels showed a high overall accuracy of 89.76% for SVM and 84.03% for RF. Results showed that cereal is the most represented species, covering 8870.43 ha and representing 52.42% of the total area, followed by olive trees with 4323.18 ha and a coverage rate of 25%. Vegetables and other crops followed by cereals cover 1530.06 ha and 1661.45 ha, respectively, representing 9.4% and 9.8% of the total area. In the last rank, fruit trees occupy only 3.67% of the total area, with 621.06 ha. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) free software was used to overlay satellite data images with those of climate for agricultural water resources management in the region. This process facilitated estimations of irrigation water requirements for all crop types, taking into account total potential evapotranspiration, effective rainfall, and irrigation water requirements. Results showed that olive trees, fruit trees, and other crops followed by cereals are the most water demanding, with irrigation requirements exceeding 500 mm. The irrigation requirements of cereals and vegetables are lower than those of other classes, with amounts of 300 mm and 150 mm, respectively.

scholarly journals Remote sensing-based soil water balance for irrigation water accounting at the Spanish Iberian Peninsula

2018 ◽  
Vol 380 ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Garrido-Rubio ◽  
Alfonso Calera Belmonte ◽  
Lorena Fraile Enguita ◽  
Irene Arellano Alcázar ◽  
Mario Belmonte Mancebo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Water Accounting

Abstract. Temporal series maps of irrigated areas, and the corresponding irrigation water requirements based on remote sensing, is a recognized tool contributing to water governance at different scales, from water user associations to whole river basin districts. These thematic cartographies offer a first estimation of the crop irrigation requirements, and a biophysical based approach of the temporal and spatial distribution of the crop water use in the cultivated areas. This work describes the operational application of these methodologies, providing valuable information for water governance and management purposes. The basic products obtained in the whole Spanish part of the Iberian Peninsula during the period 2014–2017 were: (i) annual maps of irrigated crops based on time series of multispectral satellite imagery; and (ii) the direct remote sensing-based water accounting, by quantifying agricultural water flows (e.g. rainfall, irrigation, evapotranspiration, drainage and recharge), through a remote sensing-based soil water balance. Hence this paper provides a remote sensing based water accounting approach, which relies on dense time series of multispectral imagery acquired by the multisensor constellation arranged by Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 satellites, jointly with meteorological data and agronomic knowledge. Then, based on these purpose and approach, annual and monthly maps of net irrigation water requirements have been elaborated at the most practical spatial and temporal scales for water governance purposes over big areas such river basin districts. This work summarizes the methodologies used and discuss the technical and non-technical feasibility of the proposed approach.

scholarly journals Analisis Kebutuhan Air Irigasi Menggunakan CROPWAT 8.0 pada Daerah Irigasi Krueng Jreu Kabupaten Aceh Besar

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-421
Author(s):  
Mahendra Rizqi ◽  
Muhammad Yasar Yasar ◽  
Dewi Sri Jayanti
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Irrigation Water Requirement ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Increase Food Production ◽  
Manual Calculation

Abstrak. Salah satu usaha peningkatan produksi pangan khususnya padi adalah tersedianya air irigasi di areal sawah sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Kebutuhan air yang diperlukan  pada areal irigasi besarnya bervariasi sesuai keadaan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan evapotranspirasi, kehilangan air, kebutuhan air untuk tanaman dengan memperhatikan jumlah air yang diberikan oleh alam melalui hujan dan kontribusi air tanah. Pengaplikasian CROPWAT 8.0 ini sangat membantu dalam pengelolaan data sehingga menghasilkan data yang dapat digunakan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghitung kebutuhan air irigasi pada Daerah Irigasi Krueng Jreu dengan menggunakan software CROPWAT 8.0. Metode penelitian adalah menentukan parameter, pengumpulan data dan pengolahan data.  Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data luas areal yang dialiri, data-data untuk menghitung evapotranspirasi meliputi temperatur, kelembaban relatif, kecepatan angin, lama penyinaran matahari, curah hujan, pola dan jadwal tanam yang dianjurkan di daerah penelitian. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan diperoleh  Nilai evapotranspirasi potensial (ET0)  rata-rata  di Daerah Irigasi Krueng Jreu adalah sebesar 3,75 mm/hari, curah hujan efektif (Re) rata-rata di Daerah Irigasi Krueng Jreu adalah sebesar 3,09 mm/hari, kebutuhan air untuk penyiapan lahan adalah sebesar 11,35 mm/hari untuk Bulan November dan sebesar 11,71 mm/hari untuk Bulan Mei, kebutuhan bersih air di sawah (NFR) untuk padi rendeng dan padi gadu yaitu sebesar  11,22 mm/hari dan 25,34 mm/hari, dan kebutuhan air pada pintu pengambilan (DR) untuk padi rendeng dan padi gadu yaitu sebesar 17,27 mm/hari dan 38,98 mm/hari. Kebutuhan air irigasi di Darah Irigasi Krueng Jreu dengan total luas area sebesar 3.287 ha dengan kebutuhan air irigasi pola tanam padi-padi yang dimulai awal pengolahan lahan pada awal Bulan November maka didapatkan kebutuhan air irigasi maksimal yaitu terjadi pada Bulan Juli dengan perhitungan CROPWAT yaitu sebesar 14,9 m3/detik dan untuk perhitungan manual yaitu sebesar 6,26 m3/detik. Kebutuhan air irigasi minimum yaitu terjadi pada Bulan Desember dengan perhitungan CROPWAT yaitu sebesar 0,00 m3/detik dan perhitungan manual yaitu sebesar 0,45 m3/detik.Analysis of Irrigation Water Requirement Using CROPWAT 8.0 in Krueng Jreu Irrigation Area  of Aceh Besar RegencyAbstract. One of the efforts to increase food production, especially rice, is the availability of irrigation water in paddy fields according to their needs. The required water needs in the area of irrigation varies according the State needs for evapotranspiration, water loss, water needs for plants with attention to the amount of water given by nature through the rain and the contribution of groundwater. The application of  Cropwat 8.0 is very helpful in managing data so as to produce data that can be used. The purpose of this study was to calculate irrigation water requirements in the Krueng Jreu Irrigation Area using Cropwat 8.0 software. The research method is determining parameters, data collection and data processing. The data used in this study is the data area that is flowed, the data for calculating evapotranspiration include: temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, duration of solar radiation, rainfall, patterns, and planting schedules recommended in the study area. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded as follows: the average evapotranspiration value (ET0) in the Krueng Jreu Irrigation Area is 3,75 mm/day, the effective rainfall (Re) in the Krueng Jreu Irrigation Area is amounting to 3,09 mm/day, water requirements for land preparation of 11,35 mm/day in November and 11,71 mm/day in Mei, clean water requirements in rice fields (NFR) for rendeng rice and gadu rice which amounted to 11,22 mm/day and 25,34 mm/day, and water requirements on the retrieval gate (DR) for rendeng rice and gadu rice were equal to 17,27 mm/day and 38,98 mm/day. Irrigation water needs in Krueng Jreu Irrigation Blood with a total area of 3.287 ha with irrigation water requirements for rice-paddy cropping patterns that were started at the beginning of land processing at the beginning of November the maximum irrigation water needs were obtained in July with  Cropwat calculations that is equal to 14,9 m3/second and for manual calculations amounting to 6,26 m3/sec. For minimum irrigation water needs, that occurs in December with a Cropwat calculation is 0,00 m3/second and manual calculation of 0,45 m3/sec.

scholarly journals Mediterranean irrigation under climate change: more efficient irrigation needed to compensate increases in irrigation water requirements

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 8459-8504 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fader ◽  
S. Shi ◽  
W. von Bloh ◽  
A. Bondeau ◽  
W. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Co2 Fertilization ◽  
Fertilization Effect ◽  
Co2 Fertilization Effect ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Irrigation Requirements

Abstract. Irrigation in the Mediterranean is of vital importance for food security, employment and economic development. This study systematically assesses how climate change and increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations may affect irrigation requirements in the Mediterranean region by 2080–2090. Future demographic change and technological improvements in irrigation systems are accounted for, as is the spread of climate forcing, warming levels and potential realization of the CO2-fertilization effect. Vegetation growth, phenology, agricultural production and irrigation water requirements and withdrawal were simulated with the process-based ecohydrological and agro-ecosystem model LPJmL after a large development that comprised the improved representation of Mediterranean crops. At present the Mediterranean region could save 35 % of water by implementing more efficient irrigation and conveyance systems. Some countries like Syria, Egypt and Turkey have higher saving potentials than others. Currently some crops, especially sugar cane and agricultural trees, consume in average more irrigation water per hectare than annual crops. Different crops show different magnitude of changes in net irrigation requirements due to climate change, being the increases most pronounced in agricultural trees. The Mediterranean area as a whole might face an increase in gross irrigation requirements between 4 and 18 % from climate change alone if irrigation systems and conveyance are not improved (2 °C global warming combined with full CO2-fertilization effect, and 5 °C global warming combined with no CO2-fertilization effect, respectively). Population growth increases these numbers to 22 and 74 %, respectively, affecting mainly the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean. However, improved irrigation technologies and conveyance systems have large water saving potentials, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean, and may be able to compensate to some degree the increases due to climate change and population growth. Both subregions would need around 35 % more water than today if they could afford some degree of modernization of irrigation and conveyance systems and benefit from the CO2-fertilization effect. Nevertheless, water scarcity might pose further challenges to the agricultural sector: Algeria, Libya, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Serbia, Morocco, Tunisia and Spain have a high risk of not being able to sustainably meet future irrigation water requirements in some scenarios. The results presented in this study point to the necessity of performing further research on climate-friendly agro-ecosystems in order to assess, on the one side, their degree of resilience to climate shocks, and on the other side, their adaptation potential when confronted with higher temperatures and changes in water availability.

Simulation of the Responses of Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to Irrigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1983-1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Espadafor ◽  
Lairson Couto ◽  
Morethson Resende ◽  
Delbert W. Henderson ◽  
Margarita García-Vila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Crop Simulation ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. AquaCrop is a crop simulation model developed by the FAO aimed at assessing the yield response to water supply. Once the model is calibrated and validated, it is a useful tool to simulate crop yields under different management options or climatic and soil conditions. Until now, AquaCrop has not been parameterized for dry beans ( L.), and thus our objective was to calibrate and validate the model for this crop using experiments performed 40 years ago at Davis, California. A set of parameters derived from the calibration with one irrigation experiment was used to validate the model using five experiments carried out in 1977 and 1978 that had treatments vastly differing in irrigation depth and frequency. Yield predictions over a wide range of values (<1 to 3.5 t ha-1) were very good, with RMSE of 0.16 t ha-1 and Willmott’s d of 0.978. Seasonal ET was also accurately predicted by the model (RMSE = 40 mm, d = 0.930), as also evidenced by comparing the lysimeter measured ET of 489 mm against the lysimeter simulated ET of 501 mm. Canopy cover and the time course of biomass were adequately simulated as well. Even though total soil water extraction was well simulated, the simulated soil water distribution with depth differed from measured values in the dryland treatment. We conclude that AquaCrop can now be used for the simulation of dry beans in different environments, and we emphasize the value of carefully conducted field experiments for the validation of crop simulation models. Keywords: AquaCrop, Calibration and validation, Dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Irrigation, Simulation model, Water stress.

OBSERVED AND ESTIMATED SEASONAL SOIL WATER VARIATIONS UNDER NONIRRIGATED SOD

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Baier
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Available Soil Moisture

Variations of soil water content under nonirrigated sod at Ottawa during 10 seasons were analyzed using 5-day means of daily resistance readings from Colman units. A meteorological water budget making use of standard climatic data and accounting for physical properties of the soil provided estimates of soil water which resembled the measured values. The coefficient of determination for 5-day means of observed soil water, correlated with the estimates, varied from 0.34 in a wet season to 0.84 in a dry season, and was 0.73 over the whole 10-year period. Standard errors of estimates were between 4 and 25% of the seasonal mean of available soil moisture, and 15% for the total period. It was concluded that, for climatic and soil classification purposes, estimates from this meteorological budgeting technique are sufficiently accurate to be used for interpreting plant–soil–water interactions over past periods, for which climatological but not soil water observations are available.

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