Studies on the supplementary feeding of sheep consuming mulga (Acacia aneura). 2. Comparative levels of molasses and urea supplements fed under pen conditions

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (79) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
KW Entwistle ◽  
DA Baird
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Supplementation Period ◽  
Major Response ◽  
Acacia Aneura

Sheep maintained on a mulga (Acacia aneura) diet plus 2 g phosphorus (P) day-1 were supplemented with molasses at levels of 0, 50, 100 or 200 g DM day-1 with or without 8 g urea day-1. The supplements were offered for a period of 18 weeks and were then withdrawn and animals maintained on the basal mulga diet plus P for a further eight weeks. Provision of urea had no effect on mulga dry matter (DM) intakes or on any of the production measurements made. Daily DM intakes of mulga were significantly increased by molasses supplementation, intakes being 41 per cent, 57 per cent and 62 per cent higher than controls at levels of 50, 100 or 200 g DM molasses day-1 respectively. Liveweight gain followed a similar pattern, and at the end of the supplementation period liveweights for the 50, 100 and 200 g DM molasses day-1 were respectively 29 per cent, 42 per cent and 48 per cent heavier than the controls. Wool growth rates were significantly higher in all groups receiving molasses, the response being linear with increasing levels of molasses supplementation. Fleece yields also showed a linear trend with increasing levels of supplementation, the major response being attributable to the provision of the first 50 g molasses. Cessation of supplementation resulted in a rapid decline in mulga DM intake to levels approximately that of the controls. Liveweights of supplemented animals also declined during the post-supplementation period although in groups receiving either 100 or 200 g DM molasses day-1, they only declined to pre-experimental levels.

Studies on the supplementary feeding of sheep consuming mulga (Acacia aneura). 3. The provision of phosphorus, molasses and urea supplements under pen conditions

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (83) ◽  
pp. 818 ◽  
Author(s):  
NP McMeniman
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Phosphorus Retention ◽  
Acacia Aneura

Mulga (Acacia aneura) was fed to five groups of four weaner wethers. One group was given a supplement of phosphorus (P) as NaH2PO4, another energy as molasses (E), a third both phosphorus and molasses (P + E) and the fourth urea, phosphorus and molasses (P + E + N) ; the fifth group acted as an unsupplemented control (C). Total dry matter intake during the 42 weeks of the experiment was progressively increased by the addition of P, E, P + E and P + E + N to the diet. Liveweight gain was highest inthe P + E + Ngroup followed by the P + Egroupandthen the E group. Groups P and C lost weight during the experiment. Balance studies showed that P + E and P + E + N supplementation enhanced nitrogen retention, and phosphorus supplementation increased phosphorus retention. The digestibility of mulga was increased by phosphorus supplementation. Specific gravity and phosphorus content per unit volume of bone were increased by supplementation with P + E + N and P + E, and phosphorus content was marginally increased by P supplementation.

Effects of nutrition and paring on linear hoof growth in sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
JL Wheeler ◽  
HI Davies ◽  
DA Hedges ◽  
PJ Reis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Nutritional Changes

Paring increased the linear hoof growth on the forefeet of Merino wethers by an average of 4.1% (P < 0.05) with a tendency for paring to promote faster growth on the medial digits. Effects of feeding these sheep with 400, 600, or 1000 g pelleted ration day-1 were assessed in a 4 X 4 Latin square design with 28-day periods using four measures of response. An extra (fifth) period was used to determine residual effects. The proportion of residual (carryover) to direct effect was much smaller for hoof growth than for wool. Hoof growth was not related to wool production. In another experiment, hoof growth rate of sheep increased from 103 to 136 8m day-1 when the intake of digestible dry matter was increased from 400 to 600 g day-1 (P< 0.001), and from 115 to 125 8m day -1 (P> 0.05) when the intake of digestible nitrogen was increased from 12 to 25 g day-1. Hoof growth rates of Merino wethers grazing native or sown pasture were not significantly affected by injecting DL-methionine daily into the abomasum. Hoof growth is not an appropriate index of wool growth. It may provide an easily measured, rapidly responsive and cumulative measure of nutritional changes, but its use cannot be recommended until more information is available on the factors that affect it and their interaction with ambient temperature.

Studies on the supplementary feeding of sheep consuming mulga (Acacia aneura). 1. The provision of phosphorus and molasses supplements under grazing conditions

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (68) ◽  
pp. 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
NP McMeniman ◽  
DA Little
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Initial Degree ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Acacia Aneura ◽  
Skeletal Mineralization

An examination was made of the effects of molasses and phosphorus supplements, either singly or combined, on the liveweight, wool growth, and reproductive performance of ewes grazing mulga, (Acacia aneura) a leguminous shrub, in the field near Charleviile, Queensland. Unsupplemented ewes lost 4.4 kg liveweight on average during the 14-month experiment, and bone analyses indicated that their dietary intake was insufficient to maintain the initial degree of skeletal mineralization. The provision of supplementary molasses increased liveweight and wool growth, and enhanced reproductive performance, but phosphorus supplements increased liveweight and wool growth only when fed in conjunction with molasses. Skeletal mineralization was not increased by a supplement of phosphorus except when molasses was also given.

Supplementary feeding pattern and rate of liveweight gain in winter-spring affect wool production of young Merino sheep on the south coast of Western Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
PT Doyle ◽  
TW Plaisted ◽  
RA Love
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Staple Strength ◽  
Stocking Rates

The effects of different supplementary feeding practices in summer-autumn and management strategies on green pasture on liveweight change, wool growth rate, annual wool production and wool characteristics of young Merino wethers were examined at 2 farms. The grain feeding treatments were lupins (L) or lupins and oats (LO) fed in amounts that were adjusted to try and maintain liveweight, or lupins and oats (LOG) fed at a higher rate. The objectives of liveweight maintenance or gain were not always achieved, but liveweight patterns differed between LOG compared with L or LO during summer-autumn. The sheep used at farm 1 were aged 4.5 months and liveweight 32 kg at the start of the experiment, while those at farm 2 were 6.5 months and liveweight 39 kg. The stocking rate in summer-autumn was 8 wethers/ha at both farms. During supplementation, sheep on LOG had a higher (P<0.05) liveweight change compared with those on L or LO (farm 1, 15 v. -8 g/sheep. day; farm 2, -35 v. -51 g/sheep. day) and clean wool growth rates (farm 1, 7.1 v. 6.4 g/sheep. day; farm 2, 5.1 v. 4.8 g/sheep.day). The sheep on LOG grew broader (P<0.05) wool than those on L or LO (farm 1, 19.0 v. 18.5 �m; farm 2, 21.7 v. 20.8 �m), and at farm 1 length was also greater (P<0.05) (114 v. 111 mm), while at farm 2 staple strength was greater (P<0.01) (22.9 v. 16.4 N/ktex). There were no significant differences in annual clean wool production. There were positive (P<0.01) relationships between staple strength and liveweight change to the time of minimum liveweight in summer-autumn. After green pasture on offer reached 500 kg DM/ha in autumn, different liveweight change patterns were achieved in 2 groups (LS, lower stocking rates; HS, higher stocking rates) of sheep at each farm by adjusting stocking rates. Within a farm, the LS and HS groups were comprised of equal numbers of sheep from each replicate of the supplementary feeding treatments. There were differences (P<0.05 to 0.01) in liveweight change between LS and HS (farm 1, 93 v. 72 g/day; farm 2, 127 v. 60 g/day), the differences being more pronounced at farm 2. The differential stocking rates at farm 2 resulted in differences in clean wool growth rates (P<0.01), in clean wool production (4.22 v. 4.53 kg, P<0.05), and fibre diameter (20.8 v. 21.4 �m, P<0.01), but there were no significant effects on staple length or strength. There were no significant effects of the supplementary feeding treatments imposed in summer-autumn on the responses to the stocking rate treatments on green pasture.

Mineral supplementation and wool production of young Merino sheep on the south coast of Western Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
PT Doyle ◽  
RA Love ◽  
TW Plaisted
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Average Fibre Diameter ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Average Fibre ◽  
Staple Strength ◽  
Mineral Lick

Wool-free liveweight change (LWC), wool growth rate, annual wool production, and wool characteristics of young Merino wethers fed supplements of lupins with gypsum or a multi-element mineral lick were examined in 12 experiments at 5 farms between 1989 and 1992. The source of sheep varied between experiments; age was 4.5-6.5 months and liveweight 28-37 kg at the beginning of supplementation. Sheep were fed lupins, lupins coated with gypsum (15-20 g/kg lupins), or lupins along with access to the mineral lick (offered at 140 g/sheep.week). The amount of lupins offered in all treatments within any experiment was the same. Supplementary feeding varied between experiments from 150 to 240 days. The sheep grazed annual pastures at stocking rates of 8-1 6.7ha. Average lick intake was 12-18 g/sheep. day. During supplementary feeding, there was considerable variation in LWC (-80 to +110 g/day) and clean wool growth rates (3.8-15.1 g/day) within and between experiments. However, there was no significant positive effect of gypsum or mineral lick supplementation on LWC or clean wool growth rates during or after supplementary feeding in any experiment. There were positive (P<0.01) relationships between LWC and clean wool growth rates during supplementation. Also, for some spring-shorn sheep types, staple strength of wool was linearly related (P<0.01) to LWC in the period before the position of break in the wool staple. Annual wool production, average fibre diameter, and staple strength of midside wool were not significantly increased by supplements of gypsum or mineral lick in any experiment.

Wool growth of wethers grazing Acacia aneura - Triodia pungens savanna and ewes grazing Triodia pungens hummock grass steppe in the Pilbara district, W.A

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (35) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
OB Williams ◽  
H Suijdenorp
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
General Level ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Acacia Aneura

Seasonal variations in wool growth, fibre diameter, and body weight were estimated at six weekly intervals in the period 1962-1964 in the north-west of Western Australia. These measurements were made on (a) Merino wethers grazing on Acacia aneura-Triodia pungens shrub savanna on a commercial pastoral holding, 'Mulga Downs', Wittenoom Gorge, and (b) fertile and sterile Merino ewes grazing Triodia pungens hummock-grass steppe on Abydos Pastoral Research Station, Port Hedland. The period of maximum wool growth-rate occurred in summer and, together with the extensive trough in the dry autumn through to mid-summer, produced a characteristic pattern which may be modified by occasional autumn-winter rainfall. Wool growth-rates at both Abydos and Mulga Downs rose and fell following the onset and cessation of summer rain. The response in wool growth at Abydos was prompt, and that at Mulga Downs somewhat delayed, possibly due to their differences in soil moisture characteristics and botanical composition. This pattern of summer maximum and winter minimum wool growth-rates differs substantially from the three patterns described previously for southern Australia, and the general level of the maximum rates in the north-west of Western Australia is well below those attained on sown pasture and semi-arid grasslands in the south. Further, periods of comparatively low wool growth-rates were of longer duration in the north than in the south, and clean fleece weights were lower. The nutritional inadequacies of the environment were further confirmed in the study of fertile and sterile ewes at Abydos. By comparison with the sterile group, the fertile ewes suffered a reduction of 24 per cent in wool growth in late pregnancy, 44 per cent in early lactation, and 26 per cent over the whole lactation. Following lactation, there was a long delay before fibre diameter and body weight reached parity for the fertile and sterile ewes.

Studies on the supplementary feeding of sheep consuming mulga (Acacia aneura). 5. The effect of cobalt and cottonseed meal supplementation

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (111) ◽  
pp. 404 ◽  
Author(s):  
NP McMeniman ◽  
DR Niven ◽  
D Crowther ◽  
RJW Gartner ◽  
GM Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Acacia Aneura ◽  
Sulfur Balance

In the first experiment designed to identify the deficiencies in mulga leaves, four groups of sheep were fed mulga and offered one of the following supplements; cobalt, sulfur, cobalt plus sulfur, and molasses. A fifth group acted as a control. All sheep received a phosphorus supplement. The cobalt supplement had no beneficial effect on liveweight or clean wool production. In contrast, the sulfur and molasses supplements significantly improved liveweight gain, clean wool production and sulfur balance. The liveweight and wool growth responses were more than twice as large in the sheep receiving a molasses supplement as in those receiving sulfur. In a second experiment, three groups of sheep on a diet of mulga leaves were supplemented with molasses and phosphorus and, in addition, two groups received 50 g/head.d of either formaldehyde treated or untreated cottonseed meal. Both cottonseed meal supplements significantly improved liveweight gain, but formaldehyde treatment of the meal had no additional effect. Under the conditions of the experiment rumen ammonia was a major limiting nutrient.

Supplementary feeding of Merino wethers grazing weed-free stubble pastures

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (110) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
LG Butler
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Wheat Stubble

A field trial was conducted in the Wimmera region of Victoria to investigate the effect of several supplements on 4-year-old Merino wethers grazing a weed-free wheat stubble for 3 months, The four treatments were: a control (no supplement), urea/molasses block, 100 g/head day-1 of lupin grain, and 2 g urea plus 0.5 g Na2SO4 l-1 in the drinking water. Twenty sheep per treatment were used, and liveweight change and wool growth were measured. Although all groups lost weight, the lupin group lost only 0.5 kg per head over the 3 months of the trial, and was 3.8 kg heavier (P <0.01) than the control group, while the urea/molasses group was 2.2 kg heavier (P <0.01) than the control group. There was no effect of the urea plus sulfur supplement in the drinking water on liveweight or wool production. The urea/molasses block did not affect wool production but lupin grain stimulated wool production by 0.08 kg (P <0.05). The sheep were weighed and shorn four and a half months after the trial (August), during which time all groups grazed together on green feed. The experimental liveweight differences had disappeared, apparently due to compensatory growth. In addition, a digestibility trial was conducted in an attempt to explain some of the field results. The treatments were designed to simulate those used in the field. Lupin grain stimulated intake by 129 g day-1 (P <0.05) but had no effect on apparent digestibility of straw. The treatment simulating the urea/ molasses block (urea plus sulfur plus sucrose in the drinking water) stimulated intake by 159 g day-l (P <0.05) and tended to increase digestibility (P > 0.05). It was concluded that supplementary feeding of Merino wethers grazing weed-free stubble is unlikely to be an economic farm practice.

Condensed tannins extracted from Quebracho affect the fermentation profile, nutritional quality and in vitro gas production of pornunça (Manihot spp.) silages

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
D. T. Q. Carvalho ◽  
A. R. F. Lucena ◽  
T. V. C. Nascimento ◽  
L. M. L. Moura ◽  
P. D. R. Marcelino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Fermentation Profile

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the fermentation profile, in vitro gas production and nutritional quality of pornunça (Manihot spp.) silages containing levels of condensed tannin (CT; 0, 4, 8 and 12% on dry matter (DM) basis), at five opening times (0, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days). A completely randomized design in a 4 × 5 factorial arrangement was adopted, with four replications, totalling 80 experimental silos. The pH and NH3-N analyses were performed at all opening times of the silos. The other analyses were performed only with silages opened at 56 days of storage. There was an interaction effect between CT levels and silo opening times for pH and NH3-N. Tannin levels in pornunça silages after 56 days ensiling increased the pH and DM and reduced crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). There was a quadratic effect for NH3-N, acetic acid, butyric acid, gas losses, dry matter recovery (DMR), hemicellulose and acid detergent fibre. Inclusion of 4 and 8% CT in pornunça silage promotes a rapid decline in pH, being within the acceptable limit for adequate fermentation at 3 days of ensiling. Silages with 4% CT establish the pH at 28 days of opening the silos, with reduced NH3-N. Silages with 4% CT present higher concentrations of acetic and butyric acids and greater DMR. Inclusion of CT in pornunça silage after 56 days ensiling increases DM and reduces CP and NDF, directly affecting the in vitro degradability and reducing gas production.

scholarly journals A comparison of first-, second- and third-cut timothy silages in the diets of finishing beef bulls

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto Kalevi Huuskonen ◽  
Maiju Pesonen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
The Third ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Vitamin Mixture

The objective of the present experiment was to study the effects of the third-cut grass silage compared with the first- and second-cut silages on intake, performance and carcass characteristics of finishing bulls. A feeding experiment comprised 45 Simmental bulls which were fed a total mixed ration ad libitum. The three dietary treatments included either first-, second- or third-cut grass silage (550 g kg-1 dry matter), rolled barley (435 g kg-1 dry matter) and a mineral-vitamin mixture (15 g kg-1 dry matter). Dry matter and energy intakes and growth rates of the bulls increased when either first- or third-cut silages were used instead of the second-cut silage. This was probably due to differences in digestibility, which was the lowest in the second-cut silage. There were no differences in intake or growth between the first- and third-cut silage-based rations. No significant differences in carcass traits among the feeding treatments were observed.

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