Whole wheat grain feeding of pregnant and lactating ewes and their lambs. 2. Lamb productivity from whole wheat diets with varying levels of sodium chloride and elemental sulphur supplements

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (79) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
DG Saville ◽  
PJ Nicholls ◽  
WR McManus
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Elemental Sulphur ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Whole Wheat

Lambs born to ewes fed whole wheat grain were raised and fattened on whole wheat supplemented with varying levels of sodium chloride or elemental sulphur. Liveweights, wheat intakes, feed conversions and carcase weights were measured. Lamb birth weights increased with increasing quantities of energy, and of sodium chloride at high sulphur levels, offered to the ewe during late pregnancy. A weaning weight response to sodium chloride supplementation at high sulphur levels (P < 0.10) was substantially reduced when weaning weight was adjusted for ewe milk production. Lambs were successfully weaned at seven weeks of age to a diet of whole wheat grain. Their subsequent slaughter weights and carcase weights increased with sodium chloride supplementation up to levels of about 1.2 to 1.4 per cent. Little change occurred in the sodium chloride response when slaughter weight was adjusted for weaning weight. The importance of these results in relation to the mineral requirements of lambs fed whole wheat grain is discussed.

Whole wheat grain feeding of pregnant and lactating ewes and their lambs. 1. The influence of energy, sodium chloride and elemental sulphur on ewe productivity

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (76) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
DG Saville ◽  
PJ Nicholls ◽  
WR McManus
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Elemental Sulphur ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Central Composite

This experiment was designed to explore the influence of energy, sodium chloride and elemental sulphur on the productivity of pregnant and lactating ewes fed whole wheat grain diets. A central composite design was used to study the response over five levels of each factor. During the last 42 days of pregnancy, the energy treatments resulted in either maintenance of maternal body weights at about 42 kg, or losses of up to 5.5 kg. Ewe maintenance requirements were about 0.14 MJ ME kg-1 day -1 and their foetal requirement was 1 .I 5 MJ ME kg-1 day-1. Sodium chloride and elemental sulphur supplements had no influence on ewe liveweight change up to lambing, but wool growth increased with sulphur supplements of up to about 0.25 to 0.30 per cent. Energy intake and sodium chloride supplementation increased lamb birth weight. After lambing, ewes that had been offered low energy diets increased their liveweight gain and wheat intake with sulphur supplements whereas these supplements reduced the liveweight gain and wheat intake of ewes offered higher energy. Milk production measured on day 14 of lactation averaged 11 53 g day -1 and was not significantly influenced by treatment. These results are discussed in relation to the metabolism of pregnant and lactating ewes, and in the context of the composite design used.

The use of whole wheat grain in feeding of broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
V. Khamitova ◽  
A. Osmanyan
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Economic Effectiveness ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Whole Wheat

An experiment has been conducted to determine the effectiveness of growing broiler chickens when whole wheat grain has been included in the compound feed. The purpose of the research was to develop an appropriate scheme and dose for feeding whole wheat grain depending on the age of broilers, while observing the normative content of metabolic energy and nutrients in the diets, and to determine the economic effectiveness of rearing of broilers. To determine the effectiveness, data on live weight, growth rate, livability, uniformity of broiler population by live weight and variability of live weight of chickens have been studied. In the course of the work, the livability, average daily gain, feed conversion, homogeneity and variability coefficients, and the productivity index have been calculated. An increase in the live weight of broilers, as well as the rate of growth in pre-slaughter age when using whole grains in poultry diets, as well as a decrease in feed consumption per unit of live weight gain has been revealed. In conclusion, the economic effectiveness of broiler meat production has determined when whole grain has been included in diets. The use of whole wheat grain as an additive to the main diet in broiler feeding allowed to increase profits and increase the level of profitability. It has been found as a result of research that it is advisable to add whole wheat grain to the main diet for broilers at the age of 8–14 days in an amount of 5 % of the feed weight, at the age of 15–21 days – 15 %, at the age of 22–28 days – 20 %, at the age of 21–29 days – 30 % of grain without reducing the overall nutritional value of the diet.

Effect of Minor Additives on First Stage Graphitisation in White Cast Iron

1984 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Roy ◽  
A. K. Chakrabart ◽  
P. Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
White Cast Iron ◽  
Elemental Sulphur ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
White Iron ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Strength And Ductility

ABSTRACTMinor additions (0.05-0.2 wt.%) of sodium chloride, hexachloroethane and elemental sulphur to commercial white iron melts have been found to enhance the kinetics of first stage graphitisation during subsequent annealing of white iron samples. The optimum dose of sodium chloride and hexachloroethane addition is around 0.1%. Yield strength and ductility of annealed test bars treated with NaCl or C2Cl6 compare favourably with those of untreated test bars. Sulphur treatment causes slight deterioration in mechanical properties. Fully grown nodules in both treated and untreated samples appear porous under SEM. Possible mechanisms of acceleration of graphitisation in the treated samples have been suggested.

Effects of nutrition in late pregnancy on subsequent milk production in Ewes

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Treacher
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Total Birth ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake

SUMMARY1. Scottish Half-bred ewes carrying twin foetuses were fed individually to make live-weight gains in the last six weeks of pregnancy of (1) 20%, (2) 10% and (3) 0% of their live weight in week 14 of pregnancy. In lactation the ewes were fed ad libitum. The lambs were removed 12 to 16 hr after parturition and the ewes were machine-milked twice daily for the first six weeks of lactation.2. Total birth weights per ewe of twin lambs from the treatments were (1) 10·10 kg, (2) 9·44 kg and (3) 8·18 kg and differed significantly.3. The level and pattern of voluntary intake in lactation did not differ significantly between the treatments. Total dry-matter intakes in the six weeks of lactation were (1) 121·9 kg (2) 105·9 kg and (3) 109·5 kg.4. The pregnancy treatments affected the level of milk production and the shape of lactation curves. The total yields in the first six weeks of lactation were (1) 58·8 kg, (2) 43·5 kg and (3) 26·9 kg. Higher contents of fat and protein and the lower content of lactose in the milk from treatment-3 ewes on days 1 and 3 of lactation indicated a slower onset of lactation in these ewes. Between days 7 and 35 of lactation the contents of fat and SNF were lowest on treatment 3 but the differences were not significant.5. The live-weight changes in lactation, which were in inverse order to the gains in late pregnancy, were (1) 3·4 kg, (2) 5·5 kg and (3) 9·5 kg.

The effects of live weight at weaning on growth rate and carcass composition at different stages of maturity in Scottish Blackface lambs fed on two different diets

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Doney ◽  
J. A. Milne ◽  
T. J. Maxwell ◽  
Angela M. Sibbald ◽  
A. D. M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Ratio ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTThe effects of live weight at weaning on carcass composition were studied with 104 Scottish Blackface lambs offered two diets differing in protein: energy ratio. Groups of lambs were slaughtered at initial live weights of 24·1 (s.e. 1·48) kg (LL) and 28·9 (s.e. 1·67) kg (IL) and at 33 kg, 38 kg, 43 kg, 53 kg and mature live weight.Lambs were offered two diets — low protein: energy ratio (LP, 122 g crude protein (CP) per kg dry matter (DM): 10·4 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per kg DM) and high protein: energy ratio (HP, 176 g CP per kg DM: 10·4 MJ ME per kg DM). The LP diet was offeredad libitumand the HP diet was restricted to a similar mean level. Muscle, fat and bone tissues in the carcass were separated and weighed and the carcass and non-carcass component tissues were analysed for chemical fat, protein and ash.Daily live-weight gain (DLWG) of HP lambs (148 (s.e. 8·1) g/day) was significantly higher than that of LP lambs (118 (s.e. 8·1) g/day;P< 0·05) and food conversion ratios were lower up to a live weight of 43 kg (P< 0·05). There were no differences in intake or DLWG between LL and IL lambs. Mature live weight (73·3 (s.e. 1·79) kg) was not related to weaning weight or post-weaning diet.There was no effect of diet on carcass composition at any slaughter weight but LL lambs had a higher fat proportion than IL lambs, which was significant (P< 0·05) at 33 kg only. During the feeding period, the increment of fat tissue per unit increase in live weight (348 (s.e. 15·8) g/kg LW) was not affected by live weight at the start of the diet. The difference between LL and IL lambs in fat proportion was directly related to the difference in weight gain required to reach slaughter weight. The difference was not a function of stage of maturity but only of weaning weight, itself largely determined by pre-weaning nutrition. At higher slaughter weights the relative difference decreased and became non-significant. Hence lambs lighter at weaning would be less suitable than heavier lambs for the production of light-weight lean carcasses.

Whole wheat grain feeding of lambs. IV.* Effects of an antibiotic, lactic acid, grain moistening and restricted intake on wheat sickness of young sheep

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
ML Bigham ◽  
WR McManus
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Group Feeding ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Antibiotic Dose ◽  
Response Trial

Two studies are reported in which young lambs were changed rapidly from roughage diets to whole wheat diets and subjected to various treatments aimed at facilitating adaptation to the wheat diet. In pen feeding studies, groups of three sheep with rumen cannulae were used to investigate the effects of the various treatments on wheat sickness. The treatments included intraruminal administration of sulphadimethoxine before and during wheat feeding; moistening; and restriction of grain intake. The studies indicated that except perhaps for restriction of intake, none of the methods used was successful in reducing the build-up of lactic acid and decline in rumen pH and therefore wheat sickness. Sulphadimethoxine did not have a major effect on volatile fatty acid or lactic acid production when wheat grain was consumed. In an antibiotic dose response trial, 59 lambs were changed from roughage to wheat grain diets, restricted amounts of wheat grain with sulphadimethoxine being offered at four levels (0, 45.4, 136.3 and 272.7 mg/kg liveweight). The drug proved to be toxic and the lamb mortality (5, 23, 39 and 62%) rose as the dose increased. Results are discussed in relation to metabolic and practical aspects of wheat grain feeding of lambs and the need for further work to seek practical means for regulating intake under group feeding conditions. *Part III, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 24: 425 (1973).

scholarly journals The role of whole-wheat grain and wheat and rye ingredients on the digestion and fermentation processes in the gut – a model experiment with pigs

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud Le Gall ◽  
Anja Serena ◽  
Henry Jørgensen ◽  
Peter Kappel Theil ◽  
Knud Erik Bach Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Model Experiment ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Fermentation Processes ◽  
Whole Wheat

Higher weaning weight improves postweaning growth and survival in young Merino sheep

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 966 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hatcher ◽  
J. Eppleston ◽  
R. P. Graham ◽  
J. McDonald ◽  
S. Schlunke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
New South ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Two monitoring projects were conducted to investigate weaner mortality in commercial Merino flocks in the Yass and the Central Tablelands Rural Lands Protection Boards located in the Southern Tablelands agricultural region of New South Wales. The projects were conducted in Yass in 2005 and in the Central Tablelands in 2006. A random sample of weaners from four flocks in the Yass board and 11 flocks in the Central Tablelands board were regularly weighed, growth rates were calculated after weaning and survival was determined by the continuing presence of an individual weaner at subsequent weighing activities. Weaning weight was the most important factor in determining postweaning liveweight, growth rates and survival with the significant impact of weaning weight on liveweight persisting for up to 6 months after weaning. Despite the lightest weaners being capable of considerable compensatory growth given sufficient postweaning nutrition, the lightest 25% of weaners were more than twice as likely to die as heavier weaners. A focus on ewe nutrition and parasite control during late pregnancy and lactation will allow Merino producers to achieve higher weaning weights that will set their weaners up for strong postweaning growth with a decreased likelihood of mortality.

Increasing lamb output by crossing commercial Merino ewes with South African Meat Merino rams

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. P. Cloete ◽  
A. Durand
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
South African ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Staple Strength ◽  
Fleece Weight

Commercial Merino ewes were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 groups, which were joined either to commercial Merino or South African Meat Merino rams during October 1996 and 1997. Merino rams were involved in 161 joinings, and South African Meat Merino rams in 157 joinings. The proportions of ewes that lambed were independent of the breed of the sire when expressed relative to the number of ewes joined (0.809 and 0.801 in ewes joined to South African Meat Merino and Merino rams, respectively). The proportion of multiple lambs was similarly not affected by the breed of the service sire. Lambs sired by South African Meat Merino rams were on average ( s.e.) heavier (4.17 0.07 v. 3.86 0.07 kg; P<0.01) at birth. They also tended to have a better (0.69 v. 0.59; P<0.10) survival to weaning, and were heavier (26.9 0.6 v. 22.8 0.6 kg; P<0.01) at weaning than purebred Merino contemporaries. The combined effect of the tendency towards an improved survival rate as well as the increased lamb weaning weight resulted in a 36% increase (P<0.01) in lamb output in Merino ewes joined to South African Meat Merino ewes compared with ewes joined to Merino rams. Higher (P<0.01) proportions of ram lambs sired by South African Meat Merino rams reached slaughter weight (about 40 kg) before the onset of the dry Mediterranean summer than purebred Merinos. Two-tooth ewes sired by South African Meat Merino rams were heavier (P<0.01) at 2-tooth age (53.0 0.6 v. 52.0 0.6 kg) than purebred Merinos. The 2-tooth greasy fleece weight of South African Meat Merino sired 2-tooth ewes were lower (3.85 0.08 v. 4.66 0.09 kg; P<0.01), with a lower (66.8 0.6 v. 70.5 0.7 %; P<0.01) clean yield than that of purebred Merinos. This resulted in a marked difference in clean fleece weight between the 2 types (2.56 0.06 v. 3.28 0.06 kg, respectively). Wool produced by South African Meat Merino sired 2-tooth ewes was generally broader (21.8 0.3 v. 20.3 0.3 m; P<0.01) and shorter (87.3 1.3 v. 96.4 1.4 mm; P<0.01) than that of their purebred Merino contemporaries. The coefficient of variation of fibre diameter as well as staple strength was independent of the breed of the sire. Liveweight of adult ewes and wool traits were independent of the breed of the service sire.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document