Effects of supplementary nitrogen fertilizer on nodulation, yield and seed characteristics of soybean (Glycine max) on the Darling Downs

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (76) ◽  
pp. 694 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJP Williamson ◽  
A Diatloff
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Depressive Effect ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

In field experiments with soybeans (Glycine max) conducted over four seasons at Hermitage Research Station, Queensland, levels of applied nitrogen (as urea) up to 134 kg ha -1 were examined. Nodulated soybeans failed to respond to applied nitrogen in three out of the four seasons. A response was obtained in one season when abnormal climatic conditions of low rainfall and high temperatures resulted in a comparatively lower level of nodulation. The probability of such a response is discussed in relation to climatic data of the area over the past 108 years. Nodulation and nitrogen fertilizer increased seed size and nitrogen content of the seed in soils free of Rhizobium japonicum but nitrogen fertilizer had little effect on these characteristics in soils carrying R. japonicum. Oil content of the seed was negatively correlated with the nitrogen content in rhizobia-free soils. Nitrogen fertilizer had a depressive effect on nodulation. This effect was severe when inoculated soybeans were grown in soil free of R. japonicum particularly under conditions of declining soil moisture and high temperatures. In soils with R. japonicum the depressive effect was comparatively light.

Selection for crude protein content in Phalaris tuberosa L. II. Field studies on selected lines

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Clements
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

Two Phalaris tuberosa lines, previously selected in a controlled environment for high or low Kjeldahl nitrogen content (percentage nitrogen, dry weight basis) in whole tillers at the heading stage, were grown in the field both as spaced plants and in swards. Herbage from spaced plants was examined for nitrogen content and for in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVDOM) at five stages during the first year of growth. Differences in percentage nitrogen between the high nitrogen and low nitrogen lines were maintained at each growth stage (vegetative, preheading, heading, anthesis, mature). At heading, the nitrogen content of whole tillers in the high nitrogen line (1.42%) was 30 % greater than that of the low nitrogen line (1.09 %), and there was considerable residual genetic variation for this character in each line. Part of the difference between the lines at this stage was due to alterations in the relative proportions of tiller components (leaf, sheath, stem, and head) which differed markedly in nitrogen concentration, and in particular to changes in the leaf/stem ratio (0.62 and 0.43 for the high and low nitrogen lines respectively). However, much of the difference was due to changes in the nitrogen content of tiller components, the high nitrogen line having consistently greater contents than the low line. The weight of whole tillers and of all tiller components was negatively related to the nitrogen content. The low nitrogen line was marginally superior in IWOM to the high nitrogen line at most growth stages, and at the mature stage was superior by 4.6 digestibility units. In swards, the two selected lines and a control (unselected) line were subjected to two defoliation frequencies (five and 10 cuts per year) and two levels of applied nitrogen fertilizer (0 and 280 kg N/ha/year, applied in the form of urea after each defoliation), commencing 3 months after sowing in the spring. Measurements of herbage yield and quality (percentage nitrogen, IVDOM) were taken during the year following commencement of treatments, and herbage yield measurements were continued for a further 8 months on the infrequently defoliated swards. Phalaris in the high nitrogen line plots had consistently higher nitrogen concentrations and lower IVDOM levels, recovered more of the nitrogen fertilizer, and showed the greatest herbage yield responses to applied nitrogen. However, over the range of treatments imposed, the low nitrogen line gave the greatest herbage yields.

scholarly journals Unusual tolerance to high temperatures in a new herbicide-resistant D1 mutant from Glycine max (L.) Merr. cell cultures deficient in fatty acid desaturation

Planta ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 212 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Alfonso ◽  
Inmaculada Yruela ◽  
Susana Almárcegui ◽  
Elena Torrado ◽  
María A. Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturation ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Glycine Max L

scholarly journals SMALLHOLDER FARMERS’ RESOURCE ALLOCATION DECISIONS IN A MAIZE-FARMING SYSTEM UNDER CLIMATE RISKS IN MALAWI

AGROFOR ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth MAGRETA ◽  
Henderson NG’ONG’OLA ◽  
Julius MANGISONI ◽  
Kennedy MACHILA ◽  
Sika GBEGBELEGBE
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Climatic Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Allocation Decisions ◽  
Resource Allocation Decisions

Using household data from Lilongwe districts, along with crop phenology, agronomic management and climatic data from Chitedze Research Station, the Target-MOTAD and DSSAT-CSM models examined the resource allocation decisions of smallholder farmers in maize farming systems under climate risk in Malawi. Specific aims were to evaluate the ability of DSSAT to predict and collate DTM and non-DTM yields under climatic risk and to use a bio-economic procedure developed using DSSAT and Target-MOTAD to explore the impact of climatic risk on allocation of resources to DTM and non-DTM production. The paper argues that higher average yields observed from DTM varieties make it the most optimal maize production plan, in maximizing household incomes, food security, and minimizing deviations from the mean while meeting the set target incomes of farmers compared to non-DTM varieties. The multidisciplinary nature of this paper has contributed to the body of research by providing a powerful analytical procedure of modelling farmers’ resource allocation decisions in maize based farming systems in Malawi. This study necessitates the use of a combination of biophysical and economic procedures when evaluating promising lines prior to variety release in order to identify the high yielding variety that will continuously bring sustained profits to the farmers amidst climate change.

Milk production from cows grazing on tropical grass pastures. 1. Effects of stocking rate and level of nitrogen fertilizer on the pasture and diet

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
TM Davison ◽  
RT Cowan ◽  
RK Shepherd ◽  
P Martin
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

A 3-year experiment was conducted at Kairi Research Station on the Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, to determine the effects of stocking rate and applied nitrogen fertilizer on the pasture yield and composition, diet selection by cows, and soil fertility of Gatton panic (Panicum maximum cv. Gatton) pastures. Thirty-two Friesian cows were used in a 4x2 factorial design: four stocking rates (2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 cows/ha), each at two rates of fertilizer application 200 and 400 kg N/ha.year. The higher rate of fertilization increased the pasture green dry matter on offer at all samplings (P < 0.01); the increase ranged from 1 106 kg/ha in summer to 548 kg/ha in spring. Green dry matter decreased ( P< 0.0 1) with increasing stocking rate, with mean yields of 3736 and 2384 kg/ha at 2.0 and 3.5 cows/ha, respectively. Weed yields increased over the 3 years at the higher stocking rates for pastures receiving 200 kg N/ha.year. The crude protein content of leaf and stem increased with increasing stocking rate and amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer. Values ranged from 12.1 to 26.5% of dry matter (DM) in leaf and from 3.7 to 13.8% DM in stem. In leaf, sodium concentration (range 0.05-0.20% DM) was increased, while phosphorus concentration (range 0.21-0.44% DM) was decreased by the higher rate of fertilizer application. Plant sodium and phosphorus levels were inadequate for high levels of milk production. Dietary leaf content and crude protein contents were consistently increased by both a reduced stocking rate, and the higher rate of fertilization. Cows were able to select for leaf and at the lowest stocking rate, leaf in the diet averaged 38%; while the leaf content of the pasture was 20%. Dietary leaf content ranged from 38 to 57% in summer and from 11 to 36% in winter. Dietary crude protein ranged from 13 to 15% in summer and from 7 to 11% in winter and was positively correlated with pasture crude protein content and dietary leaf percentage. Soil pH decreased (P<0.05) from an overall mean of 6.3 in 1976 to 6.1 at 200 N and 5.8 at 400 N in 1979. Soil phosphorus status remained stable, while calcium and magnesium levels were lower (P<0.01) after 3 years.

Effects of foliar applied nitrogen fertilizer on cotton waterlogged in a cracking grey clay

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Hodgson ◽  
DA MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
The Third ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Waterlogging Treatment ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

Foliar-applied nitrogen (N) fertilizer was investigated as a means of ameliorating the damage to cotton of waterlogging associated with extended furrow irrigation of a cracking grey clay. Dissolved urea was applied at 0, 5, 10 and 20 kg N ha-1 to the cotton foliage one day before furrow irrigations lasting 4, 8, 16 and 32 h. Treatments were repeated at three crop irrigations. Storms following the first two irrigations delayed the recovery from waterlogging and reduced treatment differences. However, foliar-applied N significantly increased late square and green boll numbers after the third irrigation, and produced more open bolls and heavier lint yields than the control treatment at harvest. Lint yields increased by 2.8, 5.9, 8.4 and up to 10.5 kg ha-1 per kg of foliar N applied before irrigations lasting 4, 8, 16 and 32 h, respectively. From this interaction it was concluded that foliar-applied N ameliorated the effects of waterlogging. Nevertheless, in the most severe waterlogging treatment, yield response to foliar N reached a limit, indicating that some other factor had become limiting.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Its Application Efficiency on Two Local Sorghum Cultivars Sorghum bicolor L. Moench

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Abdulla A. Mohamed Muflahi ◽  
Ahmed Saleh Basuaid
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

A field experiment was carried out at El-Kod Agricultural Research Station, Abyan Delta, Abyan Governorate during the seasons 2014 and 2015 in soil sandy silt to assess four levels of nitrogen fertilizers (0, 55, 110 and 165 kg N/ha) utilizing urea fertilizer (46% N) on some crop characteristics and efficiency of nitrogen application on two local cultivars of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Split plot design was applied in four replicates. Fertilizer levels were distributed in main plots whereas, the cultivars in subplots. The results revealed significant differences between cultivars Benny and Saif in all characteristics during the two seasons. Cultivar Benny was significantly superior to cultivar Saif in all crop characteristics, except the length of spike which was significantly superior in Saif cultivar compared to cultivar Benny in both seasons. The increase in nitrogen level led to significant increase in all parameters of crop growth under study in both seasons, where the highest dose of nitrogen (165 kg N/ha) gave highest grain yield (3013 and 3201 kg/ha) in both seasons respectively, while the efficiency of nitrogen utilization declined with increased level of nitrogen application and highest value in nitrogen efficiency (12.78 kg grain/kg N). The interaction between cultivars and nitrogen fertilizer showed significant differences in terms of all studied parameters during both seasons. The cultivar Benny responded to high level of nitrogen (165 kg N/ha) and gave high grain yield (3640 and 3305 kg/ha) in both seasons respectively. The results yielded significant effect for efficiency of nitrogen application on grain yield between the cultivars, the levels of fertilizers and their interaction in the first season whereas, no significant differences were detected in the second season.

Calcium, Iron and Cobalt Accumulation in Root Hairs of Soybean (Glycine max)

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 912-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietrich Werner ◽  
Klaus-Peter Kuhlmann ◽  
Frank Gloystein ◽  
Friedrich-W. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Iron Cobalt ◽  
Calcium Iron

Abstract Root hairs of soybeans (Glycine max), target cells for infection by Rhizobium japonicum accumulate iron more than 10-fold, cobalt more than 8-fold and calcium more than 7-fold compared to the other parts of the root system. In root hairs of wheat (Triticum aestivum) a much smaller accumulation of these elements was found. The symbiont of Glycine max, Rhizobium japonicum, is known to have a high requirement for iron, cobalt and calcium.

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