Selection for crude protein content in Phalaris tuberosa L. II. Field studies on selected lines

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Clements
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

Two Phalaris tuberosa lines, previously selected in a controlled environment for high or low Kjeldahl nitrogen content (percentage nitrogen, dry weight basis) in whole tillers at the heading stage, were grown in the field both as spaced plants and in swards. Herbage from spaced plants was examined for nitrogen content and for in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVDOM) at five stages during the first year of growth. Differences in percentage nitrogen between the high nitrogen and low nitrogen lines were maintained at each growth stage (vegetative, preheading, heading, anthesis, mature). At heading, the nitrogen content of whole tillers in the high nitrogen line (1.42%) was 30 % greater than that of the low nitrogen line (1.09 %), and there was considerable residual genetic variation for this character in each line. Part of the difference between the lines at this stage was due to alterations in the relative proportions of tiller components (leaf, sheath, stem, and head) which differed markedly in nitrogen concentration, and in particular to changes in the leaf/stem ratio (0.62 and 0.43 for the high and low nitrogen lines respectively). However, much of the difference was due to changes in the nitrogen content of tiller components, the high nitrogen line having consistently greater contents than the low line. The weight of whole tillers and of all tiller components was negatively related to the nitrogen content. The low nitrogen line was marginally superior in IWOM to the high nitrogen line at most growth stages, and at the mature stage was superior by 4.6 digestibility units. In swards, the two selected lines and a control (unselected) line were subjected to two defoliation frequencies (five and 10 cuts per year) and two levels of applied nitrogen fertilizer (0 and 280 kg N/ha/year, applied in the form of urea after each defoliation), commencing 3 months after sowing in the spring. Measurements of herbage yield and quality (percentage nitrogen, IVDOM) were taken during the year following commencement of treatments, and herbage yield measurements were continued for a further 8 months on the infrequently defoliated swards. Phalaris in the high nitrogen line plots had consistently higher nitrogen concentrations and lower IVDOM levels, recovered more of the nitrogen fertilizer, and showed the greatest herbage yield responses to applied nitrogen. However, over the range of treatments imposed, the low nitrogen line gave the greatest herbage yields.

The influence of diet on the nitrogenous components passing to the duodenum and through the lower ileum of sheep

1966 ◽  
Vol 166 (1002) ◽  
pp. 63-79 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Terminal Part ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Lower Ileum

Analyses of the alimentary contents flowing to the duodenum of sheep during 24 h show that when the sheep are consuming a low-nitrogen diet more total nitrogen and amino nitrogen pass to the duodenum than are eaten daily in the food whereas when the sheep are eating high nitrogen diets, less total nitrogen and less amino nitrogen pass to the duodenum. The disparity between the total nitrogen and amino nitrogen content of the diets largely disappeared by the time the alimentary contents reached the terminal part of the ileum. From 64 to 68% of the nitrogen entering the duodenum and 54 to 64% of the nitrogen in the ileal contents was in the form of amino nitrogen. Proportionately more of the amino nitrogen was in solution in the ileal contents than in the duodenal contents. Losses of amino acids in the stomach when a high-nitrogen diet was consumed were especially large for glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline, arginine and leucine. They were least for cystine and threonine. Gains of amino acids in the stomach when low nitrogen diets were consumed were all substantial except for proline, where a loss was found when hay and flaked maize were given. When these changes are considered as proportions of the quantities eaten then trends are similar for all acids. Changes in the molar proportions of the amino acids present in hydrolysates of the duodenal and ileal contents are discussed together with the significance of these changes in relation to the nutrition of the sheep.

Effects of supplementary nitrogen fertilizer on nodulation, yield and seed characteristics of soybean (Glycine max) on the Darling Downs

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (76) ◽  
pp. 694 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJP Williamson ◽  
A Diatloff
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Depressive Effect ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

In field experiments with soybeans (Glycine max) conducted over four seasons at Hermitage Research Station, Queensland, levels of applied nitrogen (as urea) up to 134 kg ha -1 were examined. Nodulated soybeans failed to respond to applied nitrogen in three out of the four seasons. A response was obtained in one season when abnormal climatic conditions of low rainfall and high temperatures resulted in a comparatively lower level of nodulation. The probability of such a response is discussed in relation to climatic data of the area over the past 108 years. Nodulation and nitrogen fertilizer increased seed size and nitrogen content of the seed in soils free of Rhizobium japonicum but nitrogen fertilizer had little effect on these characteristics in soils carrying R. japonicum. Oil content of the seed was negatively correlated with the nitrogen content in rhizobia-free soils. Nitrogen fertilizer had a depressive effect on nodulation. This effect was severe when inoculated soybeans were grown in soil free of R. japonicum particularly under conditions of declining soil moisture and high temperatures. In soils with R. japonicum the depressive effect was comparatively light.

THE EFFECTS ON THE GRASSHOPPER, MELANOPLUS MEXICANUS MEXICANUS (SAUSS.) (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE), OF VARYING THE NITROGEN CONTENT IN ITS FOOD PLANT

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Smith ◽  
F. E. Northcott
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nymphal Instar ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Melanoplus mexicanus mexicanus (Sauss.), from time of hatching, was fed on wheat (Renown) grown in nutrient solutions of varying nitrogen content. Some wheat was produced with an average nitrogen content of 6.16% (dry weight), some with 4.29%, and some with 3.33%. Survival and development were greatest on the high nitrogen wheat, least on the low. On the low nitrogen wheat no individuals developed beyond the last nymphal instar. Neither weight of adults nor the sex ratio was affected by the various foods. Females fed on wheat with a high nitrogen content laid more eggs but the viability of the eggs was not affected.

Influence of Nitrogen Content on the Microstructure and Precipitate of the Medium-Carbon Vanadium Microalloyed Steel

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 817-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Guan ◽  
Xian Zhong Zhang ◽  
Jia Yan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Microalloyed Steels ◽  
High Nitrogen Steel ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen Steel ◽  
Low Nitrogen

The microstructure and precipitate of the two kinds of medium-carbon vanadium microalloyed steels whose nitrogen contents were 0.0035% and 0.012% respectively, were studied by image analysis and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show there are the large amount of 10~20nm dispersion distribution irregular flake VC precipitates within the ferrite, the part of clustered fibrous VC precipitates with the diameter of 4~13nm that grow toward to ferrite intracrystalline along the grain boundary with some angle in the local area, and only a very small amount of 20 ~ 50nm spherical particles V (C, N) in the low-nitrogen steel. However, in the high-nitrogen steel, the precipitates are divided into two stages: the first stage is the part of 30~80nm spherical particles V(C, N) which precipitation in austenite, the second stage is flakiness VC which precipitation in ferrite during the following γ → α phase transformation and cooling process. Compared with the low-nitrogen steel, the number of precipitates in decreased significantly and the size increased obviously in the high-nitrogen steel. The substantial increase of nitrogen content leads to the rapid increase of driving force that V (C, N) precipitation in austenite. A lot of V (C, N) that precipitation before phase transformation results in the significant increase of ferrite nucleation rate, which leads to the microstructure of high-nitrogen steel fined obviously.

Consumption of oxygen by thoracic and abdominal aorta of the rat

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (6) ◽  
pp. 1200-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Priest
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Consumption of oxygen in vitro by thoracic and abdominal aorta and of liver and kidney of rats was measured by direct Warburg manometry and related to the weight of tissue and to the content of nitrogen and of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). On the basis of numbers of cells present, as determined by the content of DNA, thoracic aorta respires at a rate one-fifth that of liver. Thoracic aorta respires more actively than abdominal aorta but also contains more nitrogen and more DNA per unit weight than abdominal aorta. The difference in consumption of oxygen between these two segments of aorta can be explained largely, although not entirely, on the basis of numbers of cells present. Because of the lesser content of nitrogen and DNA in abdominal aorta, it must contain larger amounts of some substance which contributes to weight and has a low nitrogen content.

Research on Nitrogen Control Technology of High-Pressure Bottle Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 988 ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Chen Jun
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Nitrogen Control ◽  
Nitrogen Absorption ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Finished Steel ◽  
Casting Technology ◽  
Nitrogen Steel ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Nitrogen content of the high-pressure bottle steel was high and with big fluctuation, it is difficult to control. SO, investigation on nitrogen content of the all steelmaking process is carried out. Results of the investigation indicated that nitrogen content of the aimed steel was high, nitrogen absorption was mainly happened during tapping and in the course of after refining to before casting。And then nitrogen control measures such as low-nitrogen steel melting technology, optimization of deoxidization, protective casting technology is raised. After that nitrogen content of the aimed steel was reduced and nitrogen absorption during tapping and in the course of after refining to before casting was effectively controlled, nitrogen content of the finished steel was stably controlled in 50×10-6, the effect of nitrogen on property of steel is reduced.

Poultry Manure as a Fertilizer

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Davis ◽  
Doug R. Sloan ◽  
Gerald Kidder ◽  
R. D. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Fact Sheet

Animal manures have been used as natural crop fertilizers for centuries. Because of poultry manure’s high nitrogen content, it has long been recognized as one of the most desirable manures. Besides fertilizing crops, manures also supply other essential plant nutrients and serve as a soil amendment by adding organic matter, which helps improve the soil’s moisture and nutrient retention. Organic matter persistence will vary with temperature, drainage, rainfall, and other environmental factors. This 2-page fact sheet was written by Michael A. Davis, D.R. Sloan, Gerald Kidder, and R.D. Jacobs, and published by the UF Department of Animal Science, November 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/aa205

scholarly journals Responses of Root Characteristic Parameters and Plant Dry Matter Accumulation, Distribution and Transportation to Nitrogen Levels for Spring Maize in Northeast China

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Chunrong Qian ◽  
Wanrong Gu ◽  
Caifeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Matter Transport

Improving nitrogen use efficiency is a significant scientific problem to be solved. Two maize hybrids JD27 (Jidan 27) and SD19 (Sidan 19) were selected to study the effects of nitrogen levels on root characteristic parameters and plant dry matter accumulation, distribution and transportation. We set five different nitrogen levels, which were nitrogen deficiency (000N), low nitrogen (075N), medium nitrogen (150N), high nitrogen (225N) and excessive nitrogen (300N). The results showed that the root length and root surface area of JD27 were significantly higher than those of SD19 under 075N. With the increase of nitrogen levels, the root difference among varieties gradually decreased. The root length, projection area, total surface area and total volume reached the maximum values at silking stage. The average root diameter kept stable or decreased slowly with the growth stage. The dry matter accumulation of JD27 was higher than that of SD19 at all growth stages. Increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer can promote the transport of dry matter to grain and improve dry matter transport efficiency after anthesis. Under the treatment of medium and high nitrogen fertilizer, maize was easy to obtain a higher yield, but excessive nitrogen fertilizer inhibited the increase of yield. This study provides theoretical and practical guidance for maize production techniques.

scholarly journals Genome-wide association of rice response to blast fungus identifies loci for robust resistance under high nitrogen

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Frontini ◽  
Arnaud Boisnard ◽  
Julien Frouin ◽  
Malika Ouikene ◽  
Jean Benoit Morel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Initial Finding ◽  
Blast Fungus ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Abstract Background Nitrogen fertilization is known to increase disease susceptibility, a phenomenon called Nitrogen-Induced Susceptibility (NIS). In rice, this phenomenon has been observed in infections with the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. A previous classical genetic study revealed a locus (NIS1) that enhances susceptibility to rice blast under high nitrogen fertilization. In order to further address the underlying genetics of plasticity in susceptibility to rice blast after fertilization, we analyzed NIS under greenhouse-controlled conditions in a panel of 139 temperate japonica rice strains. A genome-wide association analysis was conducted to identify loci potentially involved in NIS by comparing susceptibility loci identified under high and low nitrogen conditions, an approach allowing for the identification of loci validated across different nitrogen environments. We also used a novel NIS Index to identify loci potentially contributing to plasticity in susceptibility under different nitrogen fertilization regimes. Results A global NIS effect was observed in the population, with the density of lesions increasing by 8%, on average, under high nitrogen fertilization. Three new QTL, other than NIS1, were identified. A rare allele of the RRobN1 locus on chromosome 6 provides robust resistance in high and low nitrogen environments. A frequent allele of the NIS2 locus, on chromosome 5, exacerbates blast susceptibility under the high nitrogen condition. Finally, an allele of NIS3, on chromosome 10, buffers the increase of susceptibility arising from nitrogen fertilization but increases global levels of susceptibility. This allele is almost fixed in temperate japonicas, as a probable consequence of genetic hitchhiking with a locus involved in cold stress adaptation. Conclusions Our results extend to an entire rice subspecies the initial finding that nitrogen increases rice blast susceptibility. We demonstrate the usefulness of estimating plasticity for the identification of novel loci involved in the response of rice to the blast fungus under different nitrogen regimes.

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