Tissue testing for assessing the phosphorus status of green panic, buffel grass and setaria

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (74) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
FW Smith
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Buffel Grass ◽  
Primary Shoot ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
Different Parts

The possibility of using phosphorus concentrations in different parts of pasture grasses for diagnosing their phosphorus status was studied. Critical phosphorus concentrations using youngest expanded leaves of green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume cv. Petrie), buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris cv. Biloela), or setaria (Setaria sphacelata cv. Nandi) were found to be almost identical to those assessed from the whole tops. Critical phosphorus concentrations in green panic and setaria decreased with age of plant, and for whole tops of green panic were : 0.55 per cent in plants with three to four leaves on the primary shoot, 0.32 per cent in plants with four to five leaves on the primary shoot and 0.1 5 per cent in plants with six to seven leaves on the primary shoot. Values in the whole tops of setaria were: 0.46 per cent (four leaves), 0.36 per cent (five leaves), 0.24 per cent (six leaves) and 0.14 per cent (seven leaves). A similar decline with stage of growth was observed when youngest expanded leaves were used to estimate critical phosohorus concentrations in setaria

Response of some tropical grasses to molybdenum application

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (94) ◽  
pp. 732 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Johansen
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Total N ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Tropical Legumes ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Large Growth

The response to Mo application of Panicum maximum var. trichoglume cv. Gatton (panic), Cenchrus ciliaris cv. Biloela (buffel) and Setaria sphacelata cv. Nandi (setaria) was studied at three rates of NO3 supply in pots containing soil that was severely Mo deficient for tropical legumes. There were no growth responses of these grasses to Mo, except for a marginally significant effect in panic at the highest NO3 treatment at the first harvest. These results are compared with Mo responses of legume/grass mixtures in the field and published data showing large growth responses of some temperate grasses to Mo. Application of Mo had no effect on total N concentrations of grass tops but markedly decreased NO3-N concentrations in buffel. Setaria had a greater ability to take up Mo than the other grasses and this was associated with the lower NO3 levels in this species. Critical Mo concentrations for growth of all grasses were below 0.02 p.p.m.

The influence of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) on biodiversity in an arid Australian landscape

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Smyth ◽  
M. Friedel ◽  
C. O'Malley
Keyword(s):  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Buffel Grass ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Environmental Weed ◽  
Grazing Lands ◽  
Land Types

Buffel grass [Cenchrus ciliaris L. syn. Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link] is an exotic species that has been widely planted in Australian arid and semi-arid grazing lands, and has become an important resource for livestock. It establishes readily and has expanded into such a diversity of land types beyond grazing lands that it is also regarded as a serious environmental weed. Although there is an abundance of literature on the production benefits of buffel grass, there is relatively little about its influence on native flora and fauna in arid Australia, particularly when its cover levels are low. This study attempted to clarify the influence of buffel grass and environmental patterns on the occurrence of ground vegetation, birds, reptiles and ants in a gneissic hill habitat in central Australia where buffel grass has encroached. Despite poor conditions for growth, we were able to distinguish the influence of buffel grass from that of other variables like overstorey cover, soil pH, fire and transect orientation. Cover of buffel grass did not exceed ~20% but it still accounted for a small amount of the variation in the composition of ground vegetation and birds, and of the ‘ground-dwelling’ bird guild and the ‘hot climate specialist’ functional group of ants. There were insufficient reptiles for analysis. We conclude that, even when cover is low, buffel grass can have a detectable influence on some aspects of community dynamics. Given the evidence from published literature and from this study, we expect the influence of buffel grass on the diversity of native flora and fauna to increase, particularly if buffel grass expands into land types previously thought unsuited to its environmental needs.

Adaptation to Water Stress of the Leaf Water Relations of Four Tropical Forage Species

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Wilson ◽  
MM Ludlow ◽  
MJ Fisher ◽  
E Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Buffel Grass ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus

Three tropical grasses, green panic (Panicum maximum var, trichoglume), spear grass (Heteropogon contortus) and buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) and the tropical legume siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum), were grown in plots in a semi-arid field environment. The water relations characteristics of leaves from plants subjected to a soil drying cycle were compared with those of unstressed leaves from plants in irrigated plots. Minimum water potentials attained in the stressed leaves were c. -44, - 38, - 33 and - 13 bar for the four species, respectively. The grass leaves adjusted osmotically to water stress, apparently through accumulation of solutes, so that there was a decrease in osmotic potential at full turgor (Ψπ100) of 5.5, 3.9 and 7.1 bar, and in water potential at zero turgor (Ψ0) of 8.6, 6.5 and 8.6 bar for green panic, spear grass and buffel respectively. Water stress appeared to increase slightly the proportion of bound water (B) and the bulk modulus of elasticity (ε) of the grass leaves, but it did not alter the relative water content at zero turgor (RWC0) or the ratio of turgid water content to dry weight of the tissue. The Ψπ100 and Ψ0 of stressed siratro leaves decreased by 2.5-4 bar and 3-5 bar respectively when subjected to soil drying cycles. These changes could be explained by the marked decrease in the ratio of turgid water content to dry weight of the leaf tissue rather than by accumulation of solutes. The values of RWC0 and ε for siratro leaves were not altered by stress but, in contrast to the grasses, B was apparently decreased although the data exhibited high variability. Adjustments in Ψπ100 and Ψ0 of stressed leaves of buffel grass and siratro were largely lost within 10 days of rewatering.

scholarly journals Avaliação de características de valor nutritivo das gramíneas forrageiras Marandu, Setária e Tanzânia nas estações do ano

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 955-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Gerdes ◽  
Joaquim Carlos Werner ◽  
Maria Tereza Colozza ◽  
Rosana Aparecida Possenti ◽  
Eliana Aparecida Schammass
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata

Foi realizado um experimento de campo, em blocos completos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com 12 repetições, com o objetivo de comparar os teores de proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS), da planta inteira e suas frações lâmina e haste do Marandu (Brachiaria brizantha Stapf. cv. Marandu), da setária (Setaria sphacelata [Schum.] Moss var. sericea [Stapf.] cv. Kazungula) e do Tanzânia (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzânia-1), em cortes aos 35 dias de crescimento, nas estações de primavera (21/11 a 25/12/97), verão (29/12/97 a 02/02/98), outono (13/04 a 18/05/98) e inverno (28/05/98 a 01/07/98). As parcelas foram representadas pelas gramíneas forrageiras e as subparcelas, pelas estações do ano. Marandu e Tanzânia não diferiram quanto aos teores de PB e DIVMS. A Setária apresentou teores de PB mais elevados que o Marandu, no outono e no inverno, porém menor DIVMS que este, nas quatro estações. Tanzânia e Setária não diferiram quanto aos seus teores de PB e DIVMS, nas quatro estações. Os teores de FDN foram maiores no Tanzânia, mas não diferiram entre Marandu e Setária. O mais alto valor nutritivo, considerando-se maiores teores de proteína e DIVMS e menores teores de FDN, foram observados no outono, independentemente da espécie forrageira.

scholarly journals Ajuste de las especificaciones técnicas del test de viabilidad por tetrazolio en semillas de Cenchrus ciliaris L. (buffel grass)

Agriscientia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
César Germán Agüero
Keyword(s):  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Buffel Grass

El objetivo del estudio fue establecer lineamientos para realizar el test de viabilidad de semillas por tetrazolio en Cenchrus ciliaris utilizando los protocolos de Panicum (ISTA, 2012). Se trabajó con fascículos (unidad de dispersión) de Cenchrus ciliaris del cultivar Texas de los cuales se extrajeron cariópsides para realizar los ensayos. Se determinó el método apropiado de corte de cariópsides y los tiempos de tinción; se probaron dos concentraciones de solución de tetrazolio. Además, se desarrollaron protocolos de evaluación. Las condiciones adecuadas para realizar el test de viabilidad son: 18 h de humedecimiento entre papel a temperatura de 20 °C; corte longitudinal incompleto a través del embrión; concentración de tetrazolio al 0,5 o 1 % y 10 h de tinción a 30 °C. Los mapas de tinción permiten diferenciar de forma precisa la viabilidad de las cariópsides.

Ozone phytotoxicity to Panicum maximum and Cenchrus ciliaris at Indo-Gangetic plains: an assessment of antioxidative defense and growth responses

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 853-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsetan Dolker ◽  
Arideep Mukherjee ◽  
Shashi Bhushan Agrawal ◽  
Madhoolika Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Antioxidative Defense ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Gangetic Plains

Salinity response of cultivars of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris)

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (47) ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
TWG Graham ◽  
LR Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Solution Culture ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Buffel Grass ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Salinity Response ◽  
High Yields

Five buffel grass cultivars were grown in solution culture at levels of 0.5, 40, 80, and 160 m. equiv. NaCl/l. Yields did not differ between cultivars at the highest level of NaCl, and the more productive cultivars under low salinity conditions, Tarewinnabar, Biloela, and American, suffered greatest potential yield reduction and accumulated highest sodium concentrations. Biloela cultivar maintained relatively high yields up to the 80 m. equiv. NaCl/l level.

Nutritional values for 17 subtropical grasses

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Milford
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Natural Pasture

The nutritional values of 17 subtropical grasses have been compared with the use of crude protein content, crude protein digestibility, nitrogen balance, dry matter intake, and dry matter digestibility as criteria. Under the experimental conditions at the Cooper Laboratory, differences in nutritional values were obtained between individual subtropical grasses, the main differences being in digestible C.P. contents and in dry matter intakes. When mature and frost-affected grasses were fed to sheep, Paspalum plicatulum (C.P.I. 11826) and Cenchrus ciliaris (West Australian strain) had the highest nutritional values, and were superior to Panicum maximum var. trichoglume, Cenchrus ciliaris (C.P.I. 6934), Paspalum plicatulum (C.P.I. 2741), and Urochloa pullulans. These four were, in turn, better than Chloris gayana (commercial strain) and Paspalum commersonii. All grasses tested had higher nutritional values than mature natural pasture. All grasses which were fed to sheep at a young leafy stage of growth had high nutritional values. Those with the best performances at this stage were Paspalum plicatulum (C.P.I. 11826 and C.P.I. 2741), Panicum maximum var. trichoglume, and Paspahm commersonii. Limited data are presented on the nutritional values of Paspalum notatum (four strains), Paspalum malacophyllum, Panicum minus, Panicum coloratum, and Pennisetum purpureum.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document