Salinity response of cultivars of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris)

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (47) ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
TWG Graham ◽  
LR Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Solution Culture ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Buffel Grass ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Salinity Response ◽  
High Yields

Five buffel grass cultivars were grown in solution culture at levels of 0.5, 40, 80, and 160 m. equiv. NaCl/l. Yields did not differ between cultivars at the highest level of NaCl, and the more productive cultivars under low salinity conditions, Tarewinnabar, Biloela, and American, suffered greatest potential yield reduction and accumulated highest sodium concentrations. Biloela cultivar maintained relatively high yields up to the 80 m. equiv. NaCl/l level.

Correction - Salinity response of cultivars of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris)

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (47) ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
TWG Graham ◽  
LR Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Solution Culture ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Buffel Grass ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Salinity Response ◽  
High Yields

Five buffel grass cultivars were grown in solution culture at levels of 0.5, 40, 80, and 160 m. equiv. NaCl/l. Yields did not differ between cultivars at the highest level of NaCl, and the more productive cultivars under low salinity conditions, Tarewinnabar, Biloela, and American, suffered greatest potential yield reduction and accumulated highest sodium concentrations. Biloela cultivar maintained relatively high yields up to the 80 m. equiv. NaCl/l level.

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Resource Effectiveness Change on Rice Potential Yield in Southern China

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 896
Author(s):  
Qing Ye ◽  
Xiaoguang Yang ◽  
Wenjuan Xie ◽  
Junmeng Yao ◽  
Zhe Cai
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Effective Heat ◽  
Rice Growing Season

During the rice growing season, farmers’ decisions about cropping systems and seed varieties directly affect the utilization of heat resource, and eventually affect the potential yield. In this study, we used the hourly accumulated temperature model to calculate the available heat resource as well as the effective heat resource in southern China. We conducted a spatiotemporal analysis of the heat resource effectiveness during rice growing season and an impact assessment of heat resource effectiveness on rice potential yield and cereal yield reduction. The results showed that, during the period of 1951–2015, heat resource effectiveness generally declined in the rice cropping area of southern China. And this decrease worsened during the most recent three decades compared with the period of 1951–1980. A strong correlation was detected between heat resource effectiveness and rice potential yield in the study area. When the effective heat resource during the growing season increased by 1 °C·d, rice potential yield would increase by 14 kg ha−1. For each percentage increase in heat resource effectiveness, the rice potential yield reduction rate would go down by 0.65%. This agro-climatological study aims to offer a scientific basis for rice production decisions in southern China, such as when to plant, which varieties to choose and so on.

The influence of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) on biodiversity in an arid Australian landscape

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Smyth ◽  
M. Friedel ◽  
C. O'Malley
Keyword(s):  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Buffel Grass ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Environmental Weed ◽  
Grazing Lands ◽  
Land Types

Buffel grass [Cenchrus ciliaris L. syn. Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link] is an exotic species that has been widely planted in Australian arid and semi-arid grazing lands, and has become an important resource for livestock. It establishes readily and has expanded into such a diversity of land types beyond grazing lands that it is also regarded as a serious environmental weed. Although there is an abundance of literature on the production benefits of buffel grass, there is relatively little about its influence on native flora and fauna in arid Australia, particularly when its cover levels are low. This study attempted to clarify the influence of buffel grass and environmental patterns on the occurrence of ground vegetation, birds, reptiles and ants in a gneissic hill habitat in central Australia where buffel grass has encroached. Despite poor conditions for growth, we were able to distinguish the influence of buffel grass from that of other variables like overstorey cover, soil pH, fire and transect orientation. Cover of buffel grass did not exceed ~20% but it still accounted for a small amount of the variation in the composition of ground vegetation and birds, and of the ‘ground-dwelling’ bird guild and the ‘hot climate specialist’ functional group of ants. There were insufficient reptiles for analysis. We conclude that, even when cover is low, buffel grass can have a detectable influence on some aspects of community dynamics. Given the evidence from published literature and from this study, we expect the influence of buffel grass on the diversity of native flora and fauna to increase, particularly if buffel grass expands into land types previously thought unsuited to its environmental needs.

Yield response of barley germplasm to field variation in salinity quantified using the EM-38

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
PG Slavich ◽  
BJ Read ◽  
BR Cullis
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Field Variation ◽  
Secondary Salinisation ◽  
Salinity Response ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Barley Germplasm

Five field trials to screen a range of barley germplasm for tolerance to saline soil conditions were conducted on irrigation farms in southern New South Wales, in areas affected by secondary salinisation from shallow watertables. Three trials were located on heavy grey clay soils and 2 on red-brown earth soils. An electromagnetic soil conductivity meter (EM-38) was used to quantify the salinity of individual field plots. Cultivars were compared in terms of their grain yield response to soil salinity. Yields were significantly reduced by soil salinity at all sites except 1 on red-brown earth. Both genetic and site differences in salinity response were identified. The reduction in yield per unit increase in electrical conductivity of the saturated paste (EC,), averaged across sites, varied from 4.7% for Forrest to 6.6% for Schooner. However, the yield reduction per unit increase in EC,, averaged across cultivars, varied from 4.1% in a red-brown earth to 6.4% in heavy clays.

scholarly journals Ajuste de las especificaciones técnicas del test de viabilidad por tetrazolio en semillas de Cenchrus ciliaris L. (buffel grass)

Agriscientia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
César Germán Agüero
Keyword(s):  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Buffel Grass

El objetivo del estudio fue establecer lineamientos para realizar el test de viabilidad de semillas por tetrazolio en Cenchrus ciliaris utilizando los protocolos de Panicum (ISTA, 2012). Se trabajó con fascículos (unidad de dispersión) de Cenchrus ciliaris del cultivar Texas de los cuales se extrajeron cariópsides para realizar los ensayos. Se determinó el método apropiado de corte de cariópsides y los tiempos de tinción; se probaron dos concentraciones de solución de tetrazolio. Además, se desarrollaron protocolos de evaluación. Las condiciones adecuadas para realizar el test de viabilidad son: 18 h de humedecimiento entre papel a temperatura de 20 °C; corte longitudinal incompleto a través del embrión; concentración de tetrazolio al 0,5 o 1 % y 10 h de tinción a 30 °C. Los mapas de tinción permiten diferenciar de forma precisa la viabilidad de las cariópsides.

The Development of a Workflow to Improve Predictive Capability of Low Salinity Response

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.M.J.M. Suijkerbuijk ◽  
H.P.C.E. Kuipers ◽  
C.P.J.W. Van Kruijsdijk ◽  
S. Berg ◽  
J.F. van Winden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Capability ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Salinity Response

Tolerance of Phalaris aquatica L. lines and some other agricultural species to excess manganese, and the effect of aluminium on manganese tolerance in P. aquatica

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 695 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Culvenor
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Manganese Tolerance ◽  
Manganese Uptake ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Manganese Concentrations

Tolerance to excess manganese in 13 Mediterranean accessions and 3 Australian cultivars of phalaris was determined in solution culture with manganese concentrations from 0.5 to 210 ppm. The effect of aluminium (0, 2.5, 5-0 ppm) on the response of two accessions to excess manganese was studied in a second experiment. Phalaris was very tolerant to excess manganese. Shoot yield at 150 ppm manganese ranged from 25 to 50% of the maximum yield, which was achieved at 0.5 ppm in some lines and at 40 ppm in others. The cultivars Australian and Sirosa were among the most tolerant types. With one exception, Algerian accessions were the least tolerant. These accessions were of similar tolerance to Egret, the most tolerant wheat cultivar examined. All phalaris lines were much more tolerant than Isis wheat, Clipper barley, Woogenellup subterranean clover and Jumbuck rape. Variation in tolerance of high internal manganese levels was the principal determinant of relative tolerance within phalaris. Shoot manganese concentrations causing 10% yield reduction ranged from 730 to 2200 8g g-1 dry wt. The greater tolerance of phalaris compared with the other species was due to lower manganese uptake and higher internal tolerance. Presence of aluminium in the solution did not increase the susceptibility of phalaris to manganese toxicity. Aluminium strongly reduced manganese uptake in phalaris. It is concluded that selection for manganese tolerance need be only of low priority in developing a phalaris cultivar with improved tolerance of acid soils.

Five-membered ring annulation via thermal rearrangement of β-cyclopropyl α,β-unsaturated ketones. A formal total synthesis of the sesquiterpenoid (±)-zizaene

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (23) ◽  
pp. 2965-2975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Piers ◽  
Jacques Banville ◽  
Cheuk Kun Lau ◽  
Isao Nagakura
Keyword(s):  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Sodium Methoxide ◽  
Membered Ring ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Thermal Rearrangement ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Unsaturated Ketones ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Sodium Amalgam ◽  
High Yields

Treatment of the β-iodo enones 7–10 with lithium (phenylthio)(cyclopropyl)cuprate provided excellent yields of the corresponding β-cyclopropyl α,β-unsaturated ketones 11–14, respectively. When 3-isopropenyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (16) was allowed to react with dimethyloxosulfonium methylide in dimethyl sulfoxide – tetrahydrofuran, 3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one (17) was produced in 59% yield. Although thermal rearrangement (~425–450 °C) of compounds 11 and 17 produced high yields of the annulation products 19 and 22, respectively, similar reactions involving the β-cyclopropyl enones 12 and 13 were not efficient in terms of production of the corresponding bicyclic systems (23, 26, and/or 27, respectively). In these cases, predominant (24 + 25 from 12) or significant (28 + 29 from 13) amounts of monocyclic dienones were formed. The annulation product 22 served as a convenient starting material for a new formal total synthesis of the sesquiterpenoid (±)-zizaene (30). Conjugate addition of lithium divinylcuprate to 22 afforded the ketone 36 which was converted by standard methods (via 38 and 39) into the enone 40. Treatment of the latter substance with thiophenol in the presence of tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride gave 41, which was transformed via ketalization (41 → 42), hydroboration(42 → 43), tosylation (43 → 44), and oxidation (44 → 45) into the sulfone 45. When the latter compound was treated with potassium tert-butoxide in hexamethylphosphoramide, the tricyclic ketal sulfone 46 was produced in 85% yield. Reduction of 46 with sodium amalgam afforded the ketal 47, which upon hydrolysis under mild conditions gave the ketone 32. Treatment of the latter substance with sodium methoxide in methanol provided a 1:2 mixture of the epimeric ketones 31 and 32, which had been converted previously by Coates and Sowerby into (±)-zizaene (30).

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