Chondrilla juncea in Australia. 4. Root morphology and regeneration from root fragments

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (58) ◽  
pp. 528 ◽  
Author(s):  
EG Cuthbertson
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Lateral Spread ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Shoot Bud ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Chondrilla Juncea

The morphology of the root system of Chondrilla juncea and its response to changes in soil type near Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, is described. The root system is described as consisting of vigorous long roots capable of vegetative reproduction at any depth and short roots, apparently without secondary thickening, of limited life span. The long root system consists of a simple tap root and a number of surface laterals, which increase in frequency and extent of lateral spread as soil clay content decreases. The relationship between plant age, growth stage, and depth of origin, as well as depth of planting and soil type, on shoot production from root fragments also was studied. Root fragments from depths to 80 cm and more did not differ appreciably in regenerative capacity. But, whereas shoot buds formed on some seedling roots two to four weeks after germination, all such roots formed buds five weeks after germination. Soil type and depth of planting did not affect shoot production from root fragments per s e, but establishment of new plants fell as depth of planting increased. A comparison of vegetative and reproductive plant roots of similar age showed that regenerative capacity was minimal during the reproductive growth phase. The inhibition of shoot bud formation on the roots, however, was confined to the proximal 40 cm. It is suggested that weed control operations are likely to be more effective when carried out shortly after stem initiation than at other times.

Chondrilla juncea in Australia. 3. Seed maturity and other factors affecting germination and establishment

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (42) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
EG Cuthbertson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rate Of Spread ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Chondrilla Juncea

The relationship between seed colour and viability and also the effect of seed age, moisture stress, depth of seed burial, and soil type on the germination of skeleton weed (Chondrilla juncea L.) were studied at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales. As the developing seeds matured their colour changed from greenish-white through yellow to yellow-brown or olive-green. Some 25 per cent of the yellow seeds were capable of germination but then only for a short period after shedding. Fully coloured, mature seeds showed 80 to 90 per cent germination capacity and remained viable for two to three years when stored in open containers. A few samples were dormant for about 12 weeks but the majority germinated rapidly when ample moisture was available. Germination was delayed and decreased with increasing water stress. Soil type had no apparent effect on germination but emergence was inversely related to depth of planting. There was no emergence from below 13 mm (1/2 inch) in heavy clays or 38 mm (19 inches) in other soils. Surface sown seeds did not establish readily on compacted surfaces, emphasizing the importance of the cultivated fallow in increasing the rate of spread.

Soil Type, Soil Moisture, and Field Slope Influence the Horizontal Movement of Salmonella enterica and Citrobacter freundii from Floodwater through Soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY THERESA CALLAHAN ◽  
SHIRLEY A. MICALLEF ◽  
ROBERT L. BUCHANAN
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Horizontal Movement ◽  
Initial Soil Moisture ◽  
Salmonella Newport ◽  
Initial Soil ◽  
Rate Of Decline

ABSTRACT Pathogens in soil are readily mobilized by infiltrating water to travel downward through the soil. However, limited data are available on the horizontal movement of pathogens across a field. This study used a model system to evaluate the influence of soil type, initial soil moisture content, and field slope on the movement of Salmonella enterica serovar Newport across a horizontal plane of soil under flooding conditions. Three soil types of varying clay content were moistened to 40, 60, or 80% of their maximum water-holding capacities and flooded with water containing 6 log CFU/ml Salmonella Newport and Citrobacter freundii, the latter being evaluated as a potential surrogate for S. enterica in future field trials. A two-phase linear regression was used to analyze the microbial populations recovered from soil with increasing distance from the flood. This model reflected the presence of lag distances followed by a quantifiable linear decrease in the population of bacteria as a function of the distance from the site of flooding. The magnitude of the lag distance was significantly affected by the soil type, but this was not attributable to the soil clay content. The rate of the linear decline with distance from the flood zone was affected by soil type, initial soil moisture content, and soil incline. As the initial soil moisture content increased, the rate of decline in recovery decreased, indicating greater bacterial transport through soils. When flooding was simulated at the bottom of the soil incline, the rate of decline in recovery was much greater than when flooding was simulated at the top of the incline. There was no significant difference in recovery between Salmonella Newport and C. freundii, indicating that C. freundii may be a suitable surrogate for Salmonella Newport in future field studies.

Importance of phosphorus and potassium in soil-specific nutrient management for wet-season rice in Cambodia

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-217
Author(s):  
Kea Kong ◽  
Sarith Hin ◽  
Vang Seng ◽  
Abdelbagi M. Ismail ◽  
Georgina Vergara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Specific Recommendation ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

AbstractRice is widely grown in rainfed lowlands during the wet season in the Mekong region. Limited nutrient availability is a common constraint on crop yield, and the optimal rate of fertilizer application depends on the soil type. The objective of our study was to evaluate rice productivity and the economic feasibility of various nutrient management regimes in Cambodia. We conducted field experiments on three soil types (Prey Khmer, Prateah Lang, and Toul Samroung, equivalent to Psamments, Plinthustalfs, and Endoaqualfs, respectively) in four provinces (Battambang, Kampong Thom, Pursat, and Siem Reap) during the 2016 and 2017 wet seasons to compare nine (2016) and seven (2017) N–P–K combinations. Grain yield ranged from 0.9 to 4.8 t ha−1 in 2016 and from 1.0 to 5.2 t ha−1 in 2017, depending on soil type and nutrient management. The Prey Khmer soil contained around 80% sand, and rice yield responded most weakly to nutrient management. The moderate fertilizer input in the current soil-specific recommendation was effective on this soil type. However, on more fertile soils with a higher clay content and a higher cation-exchange capacity (Toul Samroung and Prateah Lang), an additional 20 kg N ha−1 combined with adding 15 kg ha−1 of P2O5 or 20 kg ha−1 of K2O significantly increased yield and economic return. Although P and K use during Cambodia’s wet season is uncommon, our results demonstrate the importance of these nutrients in improving the country’s rice production.

scholarly journals Growth and vegetative reproduction of Chilean flame creeper (Tropaeolum speciosum) in two diverse climates of New Zealand

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 442-442
Author(s):  
C.A. Dowsett ◽  
T.K. James
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Root System ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Root Structure ◽  
Outer Skin ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Second Year

Chilean flame creeper is a summer active perennial vine growing to 5 m or more It has an extensive rhizomatous root system and has proved very difficult to control with herbicides Both the above and below ground stems are soft without any tough outer skin or bark For these studies plants were grown in 50 litre tubs in Waikato and Southland and four replicate tubs were destructively harvested at monthly intervals to measure the root structure and top growth Plant material for both studies was sourced from an infestation at Mangaweka The rhizomes appeared to be entirely replaced with none of the remaining original root fragments sprouting in the second year Also the growing rhizomes initiated secondary rhizomes before they emerged It appears that this is the reason this species is difficult to control as the herbicides were not translocating into the secondary rhizomes The growth of Chilean flame creeper from Waikato and Southland was markedly different After 4 months growth the Waikato plants averaged 151 mm of primary rhizome and nine emerged shoots while Southland plants averaged 116 mm of rhizome and three emerged shoots At this time however plants grown in both locations had tertiary rhizomes

scholarly journals Benefit of ancillary data acquired at the cooperative level to study soil type and climatic zone influence on berry composition: a case study in Rioja appellation

OENO One ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-133
Author(s):  
Urtzi LEIBAR ◽  
Olatz UNAMUNZAGA ◽  
María José FERNÁNDEZ-GÓMEZ ◽  
Purificación GALINDO-VILLARDÓN ◽  
Cesar CASTRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Colour Intensity ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Berry Composition ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Soil Climate

Aim: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of soil type and climate on must qualitative parameters in a winegrower’s cooperative at Rioja appellation.Methods and results: The study was conducted from 2009 to 2011 with data collected routinely before harvest by the technician of a cooperative with a total surface area of 525 ha. Soils were classified using an existing soil map (1:50.000 scale) according to their water-holding capacity (WHC), and two climatic zones were differentiated based on the Huglin index. Effects of soil and climate on berry composition were evaluated using HJ-Biplot statistical analysis. High WHC soils produced musts with high total acidity, mainly due to malic acid. Must K concentrations were lower in soils with lower K and clay content. Soils with lower WHC were the only ones able to produce musts with high anthocyanin concentration and higher colour intensity. The climatic zones established only resulted in small differences in grape composition.Conclusion: It is possible to differentiate berry composition parameters according to soil type considering soil WHC, but less clear differences were observed among climatic zones considering a 50 km2 area and a difference of approximately 200 m in elevation between the two zones.Significance and impact of the study: Many wineries have access to soil, climate and grape composition data. Therefore, these data could be used to make a grape composition classification at harvest that could be assessed every year using simple statistical tools.

Does soil texture influence the distribution of the greyback canegrub, Dermolepida albohirtum (Waterhouse) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), in the Burdekin River sugarcane growing area?

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
District Level ◽  
Patchy Distribution ◽  
Delta Type ◽  
Series Of Experiments

A series of experiments was undertaken to examine the effect of soil type on the spatial distribution of greyback canegrub in sugarcane in the Burdekin region of Queensland. These experiments examined spatial distribution at a district level as well as within individual fields, using both field and laboratory experiments. The studies concluded that soil type affected canegrub distribution both within fields and within the Burdekin district. However, the mechanisms affecting the distribution at each level were very different. At a regional or district level the preference of greyback canegrub for sandy delta-type soils over soil with higher clay content was hypothesised to be the result of preferential oviposition and improved larval survival in sandy soils over soils with a high clay content. At the field level, cane height was thought to be the primary reason for the patchy distribution of damage, with taller areas being damaged in preference to shorter areas. As all cane is planted or harvested at the same time in each field, differences in cane height between damaged and undamaged areas were thought to be the result of differences in soil type.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PRE-PLANTING TREATMENT OF SEEDLINGS WITH BACTERIAL STRAINS ON THE VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION OF GARDEN STRAWBERRIES

2022 ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
A. A. Belyaev ◽  
A. A. Shakhristova
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Stimulation Of

   In field experiments of the strawberry queen bee, it was found that pre-planting treatment of the root system of seedlings with bacterial biopreparation Phytop 8.67, at a concentration of 1×105 CFU/ml, as well as its tank mixture with humic preparation Phoenix, 0.05% gave the greatest efficiency – stimulation of vegetative reproduction of plants by 3.9-4.9 rosettes /plant (by 24-32 %) relative to control was observed. At the same time, it should be noted that the effect of the tank mixture Phytop 8.67, 1×105 CFU/ml + Phoenix, 0.05 % statistically significantly (P<0.05) exceeded all other options for stimulating vegetative reproduction of plants.

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