Grazing trials on the Wallum of south-eastern Queensland. 3. A nursery grazed by sheep

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (53) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
WW Bryan ◽  
TR Evans
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Heavy Grazing ◽  
Brachiaria Mutica ◽  
Coastal Lowlands

A nursery of single species and simple mixtures of 12 grasses and 9 legumes at Beerwah on the coastal lowlands of southern Queensland was grazed by sheep for over 16 years. For the last eight years 25.8 wethers a hectare (10.5/acre) were carried and thrived, heavy grazing pressure being maintained. Changes in botanical composition were recorded. The final mixture was dominated by Trifolium repens and Paspalm notatum. Other species to survive were Digitaria decumbens, Pennisetum clandestinum, Paspalum wettsteinii, and Brachiaria mutica. The majority of species failed to survive the close intense grazing by sheep. Annual replacements of phosphorus, sulphur, calcium, and potassium were made but nitrogen was never applied, and the highly productive pasture was maintained by legume nitrogen, mainly from white clover. Soil fertility improved under the pasture.

Persistence and growth of Lotononis bainesii–Digitaria decumbens pastures: 1. Sheep stocking rate

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pott ◽  
L. R. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Heavy Grazing ◽  
Cotton South ◽  
Seed Reserves ◽  
Stocking Rates

SUMMARYSheep were grazed for 2 years at stocking rates of 7, 14, 21 and 28/ha on a pasture comprising Lotononis bainesii and Digitaria decumbens cv. Pangola at Mt Cotton, south–east Queensland. There were six replicates of each treatment grazed in rotation with 3 days' grazing followed by 15 days' rest.The initial dominance of lotononis was lost after 6 months of grazing and lotononis failed to persist satisfactorily at any stocking rate. Demographic studies showed that lotononis behaved as a short-lived plant, predominantly annual, with some vegetative perennation as stolon-rooted units under heavy grazing. Soil seed reserves varied from 5800 to 400 m2 at the lightest and heaviest stocking rates respectively. Lotononis failed to regenerate under Pangola shading or inopportune high grazing pressure. Soil bulk density (0–7 cm) increased from 1·2 to 1·4 g/cm3 according to stocking rate.

Summer Grazing Management of a White Clover-Bahiagrass Pasture: Legume Survival

1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Dzowela ◽  
G. O. Mott ◽  
W. R. Ocumpaugh
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Heavy Grazing ◽  
Seed Reserves ◽  
Survival Potential ◽  
Summer Grazing ◽  
Pasture Legume

SUMMARYA grazing management study involving the new white clover cultivar Osceola grown in association with Bahiagrass cv. Pensacola was conducted on wet and dry sites with and without pesticide/herbicide treatment. A combination of heavy grazing pressure and a short deferment period before grazing during the summer and autumn resulted in the largest soil seed reserves and seedling recruitment by the white clover component. However, maximum survival of plants was recorded from a combination of a short deferment period and moderate grazing pressure.A slight increase in plant survival and seedling recruitment was shown on the wet site. Survival potential was least in pasture treated with pesticide and herbicide. Heavy grazing pressure and short deferment periods appear essential for the survival of the clover component. Annual seedling recruitment from soil seed reserves was the primary mechanism of white clover survival from spring to spring in pasture associations based on tropical bahiagrass.

PASTURE COMPOSITION UNDER MIXED SHEEP AND GOAT GRAZING ON HILL COUNTRY

1984 ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
D.A. Clark ◽  
M.P. Rolston ◽  
M.G. Lambert ◽  
P.J. Budding
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Agrostis Tenuis ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

Hill country pasture was grazed by the following ratios of goats and sheep from 1979-l 983: 100% goats (Goat 100). 66% goats and 34% sheep (Goat 66)) 33% goats and 67% sheep (doat 33), 100% set-stocked sheep (Sheep 100) and 100% mobstocked sheep. Changes in botanical composition, herbage mass and herbage accumulation rate were measured by sample dissection, visual estimation and trimmed exclosure cages respectively on three slope classes (banks, slopes and tracks). Pastures grazed by goats developed Yorkshire fog IHolcus lanatus)- white clover (Trifolium repens L.) associations with strong white clover growth on all slope classes unlike sheep-grazed pastures which contained little white clover and were dominated by perennial' ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and browntop (Agrostis tenuis Sibth.). The herbage mass of 3000, 1830, 1410 kg DM/ha on banks, slopes and tracks respectively for Sheep 100 pastures contrasted with that on the Goat 100 pastures of 2030, 3750 and 4300 kg DM/ha. White clover was enhanced on all slope classes in the Goat 100 treatment. Annual herbage accumulation was greater on the Goat 100 than Sheep 100 pastures, 13.9 and 11.2 t DM/ha respectively. There was a close association between increased annual white clover accumulation and tofal herbage accumulation. The complementary nature of sheepandgoatgrazing behavioursuggeststhe possibility of increased meat and fibre production from mixed grazing. The implications of these results for future research are discussed. Keywords: Sheep, goats, herbage mass, herbage accumulation rate, botanical composition, slope classes, white clover (Trifolium repens L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatusl, browntop (Agrostis tenuis Sibth.).

Bloat incidence and liveweight gain in beef cattle on pastures containing different proportions of white clover (Trifolium repens)

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (55) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
EC Wolfe ◽  
A Lazenby
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
The Other ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Depressive Effect ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Clover Pasture

During the spring of both 1968 and 1969 three phalaris-white clover pasture types, differing in botanical composition from clover-dominant to grass-dominant, were grazed by beef cattle. The cattle were scored twice a day for bloat incidence and severity and were weighed each month. No cattle died from bloat or any other cause. Of the 289 moderate and severe cases of bloat observed during the experiment, 221 occurred on the high clover pasture type (60-80 per cent white clover) ; comparable figures on the medium clover (30-50 per cent white clover) and low clover (15-25 per cent white clover) pasture types were 58 and 10 respectively. In addition to the greater incidence of bloat, liveweight gains on the highest clover pasture were 20-30 per cent lower than on the the other two pasture types in both years. The digestibility and availability of the herbage on the clover-dominant pasture equalled or exceeded that of pastures containing <50 per cent white clover ; reduced liveweight gains were attributed to a depressive effect of bloat on herbage intake.

scholarly journals THE VALUE OF REGRASSING WITH IMPROVED PASTURE CULTIVARS IN WAIKATO

1985 ◽  
pp. 179-183
Author(s):  
G.J. Goold ◽  
W.C. Weeda
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Paspalum Dilatatum ◽  
Autumn And Winter

The pasture and animal productivity of established high producing pastures in the Waikato has been compared with newly sown pastures based on recently released herbage cultivars. The established pastures were a mixture of Nui perennial ryegrass, Paspalum dilatatum and Htiia white clover. The new cultivars tested were Ellett perennial ryegrass, Wana cocksfoot and Roa tall fescue, each sown with Pitau white clover. The main advantages of the new pastures containing Ellett were in increased autumn and winter herbage production, higher stock carrying capacity and lower hay requirements. The Ellett pastures had higher ryegrass content and lower weed levels than the older pastures. Wana cocksfoot when grown with Ellett ryegrass increased in content over the experimental period, especially under less intense grazing pressure although some frost damage was evident in winter wi!h a possible lowering of herbage nutritive value of the mixture. Tall fescue pastures only showed occasional merit in summer-autumn periods under the less intensive grazing regime. Keywords: established pastures, Nui ryegrass, Ellett ryegrass, Wana cocksfoot, Paspalum dilatatum, Huia white clover, Pitau white clover, Roa tall fescue, steer liveweight gains, seasonal herbage yields, herbage yields, herbage botanical composition.

Some effects of botanical composition of pasture on growth and wool production of weaner sheep

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (57) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
KFM Reed
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Fleece Weight

August-born Corriedale lambs were weaned at ten weeks old and, for the following 12 months, were grazed on 16 plots. Each plot had been sown six years previously, to one of eight pasture mixtures which differed in their grass component, but not in their clover component. Trifolium perenne, Phalaris tuberosa, Dacylis glomerata, Trifolium repens, T . subterraneum, and T. fragiferum were sown. Hordem leporinum volunteered in most plots. Where perennial grass species were sown, Trifolium repens (white clover) contributed less than two per cent to the pasture present on the plots. For the two plots where perennial grass was not sown, white clover contributed up to 31 per cent. The total for all sown clover species present in the pasture varied from approximately 100 to 1000 kg ha-1, or approximately 3-30 per cent. Apart from the two plots where perennial qrass was not sown, the clover species present was mainly Trifolium subterraneum (subterranean clover). Average fleece weights varied from 3.1-4.9 kg on the different plots. The amount of sown clover present in the pasture accounted for 77 per cent of the between-plot variation in fleece weight and 66 per cent of the between-plot variation in annual liveweight gain. Measurements of pasture growth were made for four pasture mixtures. Total pasture growth showed differences of over 50 per cent due to pasture mixture, yet, when grazed at 20 weaners per hectare, differences in annual liveweight gain and fleece weight (10 months wool), due to pasture mixture, did not exceed 10 per cent. Annual liveweight gain and fleece weight were not correlated total pasture growth. However, pasture growth rate measured at monthly intervals, accounted for 43 per cent of the variation in mean daily liveweight gain during these individual months.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and white clover on dry matter and nitrogen yields of Digitaria decumbens and Setaria sphacelata var. sericea in south-eastern Queensland

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (106) ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
JP Ebersohn ◽  
JC Mulder
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Nitrogen Yields

An experiment was conducted to evaluate yield dynamics of three candidate grasses that could replace Pangola (Digitaria decumbens CPI 18578). The grasses were Digitaria pentzii cn. Nelspruit and Setaria sphacelata var. sericea cvv. Nandi and Kazungula, grown in association with white clover (Trifolium repens), or at three levels of fertilizer nitrogen. Cumulative dry matter yields in t ha-1 taken from nine cuts between August 1965 and January 1967, differed (P< 0.05) as follows. For grasses, Pangola (26) > Kazungula (24) > Nelspruit (22) > Nandi (20); and for associated clover, Pangola (10.5) and Nelspruit (10.5) > Kazungula (6.8) and Nandi (6.7). Pangola and Nelspruit reached peak yields in December, Nandi and Kazungula in April. Clover yields peaked in September and again in December. Clover in Kazungula-clover plots became severely depressed after 14 months. When grown in association with grasses, clover smoothed out peaks and troughs characteristic of infrequent applications of nitrogen fertilizer. Periodicity of nitrogen yields was similar to that of DM yields. Clover produced more DM than either Pangola or Nelspruit. Conversely, clover was severely suppressed by Kazungula, less by Nandi. Except for reservations about Kazungula where grown with clover, any one of the three candidate grasses would be a suitable replacement for Pangola.

The influence of grazing on the botanical composition of an irrigated pasture at Lawes, south-east Queensland

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (14) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
FH Kleinschmidt
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Weekly Treatment ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

An irrigated mixed pasture of short rotation ryegrass (Lolium multiflorium x L. perenne) Phalaris tuberosa L. and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) was grazed at six- and eight-weekly intervals and at six-weekly intervals with two summer grazings omitted. Yields of the components were measured for three years. Short rotation ryegrass contributed very little to yield after its first flush of growth following sowing. At the end of the three years, short rotation ryegrass in the six-weekly grazing treatment was contributing six per cent of the total yield, two per cent in the eight-weekly treatment, and one per cent in the rested treatment. Resting for eighteen weeks in summer favoured the development of Phalaris and hence reduced clover dominance. At the end of three years, Phalaris was contributing forty-four per cent of the total yield in the rested treatment and twenty-three and thirty-seven per cent in the six-weekly and eight-weekly grazing treatments.

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