Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and white clover on dry matter and nitrogen yields of Digitaria decumbens and Setaria sphacelata var. sericea in south-eastern Queensland

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (106) ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
JP Ebersohn ◽  
JC Mulder
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Nitrogen Yields

An experiment was conducted to evaluate yield dynamics of three candidate grasses that could replace Pangola (Digitaria decumbens CPI 18578). The grasses were Digitaria pentzii cn. Nelspruit and Setaria sphacelata var. sericea cvv. Nandi and Kazungula, grown in association with white clover (Trifolium repens), or at three levels of fertilizer nitrogen. Cumulative dry matter yields in t ha-1 taken from nine cuts between August 1965 and January 1967, differed (P< 0.05) as follows. For grasses, Pangola (26) > Kazungula (24) > Nelspruit (22) > Nandi (20); and for associated clover, Pangola (10.5) and Nelspruit (10.5) > Kazungula (6.8) and Nandi (6.7). Pangola and Nelspruit reached peak yields in December, Nandi and Kazungula in April. Clover yields peaked in September and again in December. Clover in Kazungula-clover plots became severely depressed after 14 months. When grown in association with grasses, clover smoothed out peaks and troughs characteristic of infrequent applications of nitrogen fertilizer. Periodicity of nitrogen yields was similar to that of DM yields. Clover produced more DM than either Pangola or Nelspruit. Conversely, clover was severely suppressed by Kazungula, less by Nandi. Except for reservations about Kazungula where grown with clover, any one of the three candidate grasses would be a suitable replacement for Pangola.

The influence of nitrogen and water on pastures of green panic, lucerne, and glycine at Lawes, South-eastern Queensland

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (28) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
FH Kleinschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Nitrogen Yields ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

The influence of nitrogen fertilizer and supplementary irrigation on pastures of green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume K. Schum. Eyles), green panic plus Hunter River lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), and green panic plus Cooper glycine (Glycine javanica L.) was measured in an experiment at Lawes, south-eastern Queensland. The yield of green panic increased and the yield of the legumes decreased when nitrogen fertilizer was added at the rate of 50 or 200 lb an acre a year. Nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the total dry matter and nitrogen yields from green panic and green panic plus glycine swards, but not from green panic plus lucerne swards. Lucerne was more productive than glycine. Inclusion of legumes in the sward increased the total yield of nitrogen. For plots without nitrogen fertilizer, lucerne increased the nitrogen yields by about 230 lb an acre a year, and glycine increased yields by about 60 lb an acre a year. Most of this extra nitrogen was harvested in the legume.

The combined use of fertilizer nitrogen and white clover as nitrogen sources for herbage growth

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Grass Sward ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

SUMMARYAn experiment is described which investigated the combined effects of fertilizer nitrogen and a medium-large-leaved variety of white clover on the production from a mixed sward. Over a period of 3 years six rates of nitrogen fertilizer ranging from 0 to 750 kg/ha were applied annually on three different sward types cut five times per year. The swards consisted of S. 23 perennial ryegrass alone, S. 23 ryegrass plus Blanca white clover, and Blanca white clover alone. Averaged over the 3 years the nitrogen rate required on the pure-grass sward to give the same yield of dry matter as the grass plus Blanca clover sward with no fertilizer nitrogen applied was 265 kg/ha; the corresponding application rate to achieve equal crude-protein yield was 322 kg/ha. Blanca had an additive effect on the yield from the mixed sward at nitrogen rates up to at least 300 kg/ha. The results from this experiment are compared with those from experiments in which medium-small-leaved varieties of white clover were used. The role of white clover in providing savings in nitrogen fertilizer input on grassland is discussed. Estimates from the results indicate that the nitrogen rates required to produce an annual herbage dry-matter yield of 12 t/ha were 340 kg/ha on the pure ryegrass swards, and 140 kg/ha on the ryegrass plus Blanca sward. The nitrogen fertilizer saving due to the inclusion of Blanca white clover in the sward was, therefore, 43%. A similar estimate from the results of an earlier experiment with the medium-smallleaved variety Aberystwyth S. 100 suggests a nitrogen fertilizer saving of 21%.

The production and persistence of grazed irrigated pasture mixtures in south-eastern Queensland

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (31) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Jones ◽  
Davies J Griffiths ◽  
RB Waite ◽  
IF Fergus
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Temperate Species ◽  
First Year ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Significant Difference

Five irrigated pasture mixtures (four containing tropical and temperate species and one containing only temperate species (winter mixture) ) were compared under grazing at three nitrogen levels -nil, 100, and 300 lb N an acre a year as urea-over a four-year period 1960-1963. Pastures were grazed for approximately one week every six weeks with a twelve-week rest period in the winter of 1962 and 1963. Under this management mean annual yields of dry matter increased from 15,700 lb to 25,000 lb an acre over the four-year period. Pasture growth rates varied from over 90 lb DM an acre a day in early summer to 10-40 lb DM an acre a day in winter due to variations in radiation and temperature. Urea increased pasture dry matter yields and also the yields of nitrogen measured in 1961 and 1962. Mean response was 19 lb and 14.5 lb DM/lb N applied at the N100 and N300 rates respectively. Yield of nitrogen was increased by a mean of 79 lb an acre a year by application of urea, but there was no significant difference between rates. Dry matter responses to urea were small in winter and spring and large in summer and autumn. The N300 rate reduced the yield of white clover in the first two years of the pasture, but there was no reduction in the yield of white clover at the N100 rate compared with the N0 treatment. There were no significant differences in yield between the pasture mixtures in the establishment year. In subsequent years mixtures containing summer and winter species outyielded (P<0.001) the winter mixture, particularly in summer and autumn. The pattern of production was similar for all mixtures and there was no significant difference between mixtures in yield of nitrogen. Chloris gayana Kunth CV. Samford and Setaria sphacelata (Schum) Stapf and C. E. Hubbard CV. Nandi. were the most successful summer grasses and Bromus unioloides (Willd.) H.B.K. cv. Priebes, the best winter grass. Three Paspalum species failed to compete with the Setaria and three winter grasses were low yielding after the first year. Trifolium repens L. CV. Ladino was the only successful legume of three winter and three summer legumes sown. It enabled yields of 400 lb N an acre a year to be achieved, increased total soil nitrogen, and made an estimated contribution of 760-810 lb N an acre over the four-year period. It is considered to be the key species for irrigated pastures in south-eastern Queensland.

The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the seasonal production of an irrigated ryegrass-clover pasture at Badgery's Creek

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
FC Crofts
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Clover Pasture

Nitrogen fertilizer applied as sulphate of ammonia at 23 to 92 pounds of nitrogen an acre in early spring made forage available for grazing six weeks earlier and returned 19 to 22 pounds of additional dry matter (with 14 to 19 per cent crude protein) for each pound of fertilizer nitrogen applied. However, the responses to nitrogen fertilizer became progressively less over the late spring and summer period and the responses in the autumn, when additional forage is urgently needed for winter reserves, were relatively small.

The voluntary intake and digestibility of diets containing different proportions of legume and mature Pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens)

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (29) ◽  
pp. 546 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Minson ◽  
R Milford
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Direct Replacement ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Three experiments were conducted with sheep fed ad lib. Digitaria decumbens Stent. (Pangola grass) containing 4.4 per cent crude protein (C.P.) (experiment I), and 3.7 per cent C.P. (experiments 2, 3) and supplemented with 0, 100, 200, 400 g/day lucerne (experiments 1 and 2) and white clover (experiment 3). Both legumes were also fed ad lib. with no grass. 546 The voluntary intake of the grass in experiment 1 decreased at all levels of legume feeding. In experiment 2 the voluntary intake of the grass was increased from 607 to 844 when 200 g of legume was fed, and in experiment 3 from 653 to 843 when 100 g of legume was fed, When the voluntary intake of the grass was not limited by a crude protein deficiency, the legume had a direct replacement effect causing a depression in the voluntary intake of the Pangola grass. The dry matter digestibility increased in direct proportion to the legume percentage of the ration.

scholarly journals Motility of the reticulum and rumen of sheep given juice-extracted pasture

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. McLeay ◽  
D. C. Kokich ◽  
H-U. Hockey ◽  
T. E. Trigg
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Juice Extraction ◽  
Medicago Saliva ◽  
Conventional Foods

1. Sheep were fed on different diets of juice-extracted herbage to determine what effect juice-extraction had on reticulo-rumen motility.2. The frequency of A and B sequences of contraction of the reticulo-rumen were recorded during eating, rumination and inactivity for continuous periods of 24–72 h by using integrated electromyograms obtained from electrodes implanted in the musculature of the reticulum and cranial dorsal rumen.3. Animals were fed on herbage in which approximately 200 g/kg dry matter had been removed in juice extracted from ryegrass (Lolium perenne), white clover (Trifolium repens), mixed ryegrass–white clover and lucerne (Medicago saliva).4. Over all the frequency of A sequences of contraction did not differ in animals fed on pressed herbage or the unpressed material from which it was derived, although it was slower during rumination on some of the pressed material. In contrast, the frequency of B sequences was higher on the pressed material. The frequencies of contraction of A and B sequences in animals fed on pressed herbage was related to the activity of the animals in the order eating > rumination > inactivity.5. Changes in reticulo-rumen motility due to juice extraction were small and the frequencies of A and B sequences of contraction in sheep fed on pressed herbage were in the range encountered in ruminants consuming more conventional foods.

The effect of cutting frequency and root segregation on the yield from perennial ryegrass-white clover associations

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. Bland
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nitrogen Yield ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Nitrogen Yields ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Defoliation Frequency

1. Dry-matter and nitrogen yields were recorded from perennial ryegrass-white clover associations which were defoliated 2, 4 or 6 times a year during the period 1963 to 1965.2. The average yearly output of dry matter was approximately 4000, 7000 and 6000 lb/acre for 1963, 1964 and 1965 respectively. Nitrogen harvested amounted to 132, 184 and 179 lb N/acre.3. The mean annual dry-matter yields from 2, 4 and 6 defoliations were 5300, 6100 and 6000 lb/acre and the corresponding figures for nitrogen yields were 112, 166 and 217 lb N/acre.4. Both segregation of the species below ground and increasing the defoliation frequency were responsible for higher contributions towards drymatter and nitrogen yield from the clover component.5. A comparison of the nitrogen yields between the plots with species segregated rather than integrated below ground suggests that the effects of underground nitrogen transference from 30–31 lb N/acre could first be demonstrated in the spring of the third year.

scholarly journals Efficacy of several organic herbicides and glyphosate formulations under simulated rainfall

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. James ◽  
A. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Glyphosate Formulations

Glasshouse studies were conducted to determine the efficacy and rainfast interval of several organic and glyphosatebased herbicides marketed for use in home gardens The test species used were white clover (Trifolium repens) annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and couch (Elytrigia repens) After spraying the 6weekold plants some pots were set aside and received no simulated rainfall while others were placed under the rainfall simulator (11 mm rain over 30 minutes) at 2 3 or 6 h after application Plants were visually assessed for herbicide efficacy and after 4 weeks all the new growth was harvested and dry matter measured Rainfall applied 2 or 3 h after application did not reduce the efficacy of organic herbicides In the case of glyphosate rain applied at 2 h after spraying reduced efficacy by 440 while rain 6 h after application reduced it by 020 depending on formulation and plant type

scholarly journals Annual dry matter, metabolisable energy and nitrogen yields of six dryland pastures six and seven years after establishment

2010 ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mills ◽  
D.J. Moot
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Pasture Quality ◽  
N Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Yields ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Lincoln University

Dry matter (DM) yields, botanical composition, liveweight production and pasture quality of six grazed dryland pastures established in 2002 at Lincoln University, Canterbury, are reported for Years 6 (2007/08) and 7 (2008/09). Lucerne (Medicago sativa) yielded 14.0 t DM/ha/yr and sheep liveweight (LW) production totalled 903 (2007/08) and 1 141 kg/ha/yr (2008/09). Metabolisable energy (ME) on offer (~134 GJ/ha/yr) and N yield (>500 kg/ha/yr) from the lucerne exceeded those of grass-based pastures. Yields (9.8- 11.2 t DM/ha/yr) and liveweight production (814-912 kg/ha/yr) from cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) pastures established with subterranean (Trifolium subterraneum) clover were greater than all other grass-based pastures. Annual ME was 79-96 GJ/ha and N yield was 269- 316 kg/ha from the cocksfoot, subterranean clover and volunteer white clover (T. repens) components. For Year 7, the contribution of unsown weeds and grasses in cocksfoot-based pastures was ~28% of total annual yield compared with 55% in ryegrass (Lolium perenne)/ white clover pastures. Consequently, the ME and N yields from sown pasture components in ryegrass/white clover pastures were lower than those from cocksfootbased pastures. These results indicate dryland farms with lucerne and/or cocksfoot/sub clover pastures can produce higher DM yields from more persistent pasture species. Persistence led to more ME and N on offer to grazing livestock, which resulted in higher liveweight production than from the ryegrass pastures. Keywords: balansa clover, Caucasian clover, growth rates, pasture quality, T. ambiguum, T. michelianum

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