Washing and filtration of wheat straw treated with sodium hydroxide alone or with hydrogen peroxide to modify cell wall composition and in vitro digestibility

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

Summary. This study compared the effect of different levels (24–160 g/kg DM) of NaOH alone or in combination with 2 levels (130 or 260 g/kg straw DM) of H2O2 (alkaline hydrogen peroxide, AHP) in improving in vitro dry matter digestibility of wheat straw. The study also examined the role of filtration or a water wash of straws treated at a regulated pH (± s.d.) of 11.5 ± 0.2 to maximise the effects of NaOH and AHP on in vitro dry matter digestibility. The experiment was a 3 × 2 × 3 factorial design, replicated twice, and included 3 straw groups (pH-control, NaOH-control, AHP), each treated with 2 volumes of chemical solutions (high, 26 L/kg DM containing 48 or 160 g NaOH alone or 160 g NaOH plus 260 g H2O2 ; low, 13 L/kg DM containing 24 or 80 g NaOH alone or 80 g NaOH plus 130 g H2O2 ) and each was subdivided into 3 groups for storage (unfiltered, filtered, washed). Both NaOH-control and AHP reduced (P<0.001) neutral detergent fibre content and increased (P<0.001) in vitro dry matter digestibility of straw compared with pH-control. However, AHP was more effective (P<0.001) in reducing neutral detergent fibre and increasing in vitro dry matter digestibility of straw compared with NaOH alone. Filtration and washing of treated straws increased (P<0.001) neutral detergent fibre and reduced (P<0.001) in vitro dry matter digestibility compared with unfiltered samples of treated straws. High volumes of chemicals were more effective (P<0.001) in reducing neutral detergent fibre content and improving in vitro dry matter digestibility of straws compared with those treated with low volumes of chemicals. While regulation of pH around 11.5 was effective in reducing neutral detergent fibre and enhancing in vitro dry matter digestibility the use of filtration or a water wash of straws following chemical treatments is not recommended.

effect of treating wheat straw with sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide alone or in combination with hydrogen peroxide on the in Vitro dry matter digestibility

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 119-119
Author(s):  
A. S. Chaudhry ◽  
E. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Farm Scale

That alkali treatments can improve the nutritional quality of poor quality roughages has long been established (Sundstol and Owen, 1984). However, their effectiveness is limited by their potential hazards to the animals and mankind. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) has recently emerged as a possible substitute (Gould, 1985) but its farm scale application is limited by the need for high amounts of chemicals and water. Lack of any information regarding its effectiveness over NaOH alone is another factor which requires further investigation. The present study was, therefore, planned to assess the effectiveness of pH-regulated (11.5±0.2) H2O2 (AHP) in improving the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of wheat straw (WS, Avalon) under different laboratory conditions. The possibility of using CaO on its own or to regulate pH for AHP was also tested.

Effect of calcium oxide, sodium hydroxide and alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatments on the nutrient digestion of wheat straw (norman) by sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 118-118
Author(s):  
A. S. Chaudhry ◽  
E. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestion

Previous studies (Chaudhry and Miller,1990) have shown the effectiveness of CaO, NaOH and alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) in improving the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of wheat straw (WS). Based on those results, therefore, an experiment was planned to test the effectiveness of some of the selected treatments in improving ruminal and total tract digestibilities by sheep of WS (Norman), treated on a large scale. Rumen conditions were also characterised to see if there was any relationship between digestion and the rumen conditions.

Methane production and in vitro digestibility of low quality forages treated with a protease or a cellulase

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
J. M. Cantet ◽  
D. Colombatto ◽  
G. Jaurena
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
The Impact

The objective was to assess the impact of application of two enzyme mixtures on the in vitro dry matter digestibility, neutral detergent fibre digestibility, net cumulative gas production and methane production after 24 h of incubation of Milium coloratum (formely Panicum coloratum) and a Patagonian meadow grassland. A protease (Protex 6-L) and a fibrolytic enzyme (Rovabio) were assessed at three application rates (30, 60 and 90 mg/100 mL of distiller water) on the substrates. Meadow samples were higher to Milium ones (P < 0.05) for in vitro dry matter digestibility and net cumulative gas production at 24 h. Nevertheless, Milium was ~11% higher than meadow (P < 0.05) for methane when expressed as a proportion of digested dry matter (g/kg). Rovabio did not induce differences in any variable, but the addition of Protex reduced (P < 0.05) in vitro dry matter digestibility in both substrates without bringing about differences in methane production. Collectively, the addition of these enzymes did not benefit in vitro ruminal fermentation of low quality forages.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF NEAR INFRARED CALIBRATIONS FOR ESTIMATING IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY IN WHOLE-PLANT CORN HYBRIDS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. VALDES ◽  
R. B. HUNTER ◽  
G. E. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Whole Plant

A comparison of two near infrared (NIRA) calibrations (C1 and C2) for the prediction of in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDM) in whole-plant corn (WPC) was conducted. C1 consisted of 40 WPC samples collected from four locations across Ontario (Brucefield, London, Guelph and Elora). C2 consisted of 90 samples and included the above locations plus Pakenham and Winchester. Nine wavelengths were used in both equations but only three were common in C1 and C2 equations. These wavelengths were 2139 nm, 2100 nm, and 1445 nm, respectively. The predictions of IVDM utilizing both C1 and C2 were good. Coefficients of determination (r2) and standard error of the estimate (SEE) for calibration and prediction sets were 0.91, 1.7; 0.85, 1.7 for C1 and 0.88, 1.6; 0.77, 1.6 for C2 respectively. Regression analysis within location, however, showed low r2 values for the prediction of IVDM for Pakenham and Winchester in both calibrations. The more mature stage of harvest at these locations might be the cause of the poorer predictions. Key words: In vitro digestibility, whole-plant corn, near infrared reflectance

THE IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF PLANT PARTS OF ORCHARDGRASS CLONES WITH ADVANCING STAGES OF MATURITY

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Mowat ◽  
B. R. Christie ◽  
J. E. Winch
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Early Maturing

The in vitro dry matter digestibility (I.V.D.) of the stem and total leaf fractions of four orchardgrass clones was similar at the preheading stage. Even at 100% head emergence, differences in I.V.D. between stems and living leaves were not great with the early-maturing clones. However, wide differences existed between the values for stems and living leaves in mature plants. Heads were only slightly higher than stems in digestibility.Leaf digestibility was lower for those leaves dead or even partially dead. Nevertheless, in mature plants, dead leaves were higher in I.V.D. than heads or stems. Large differences occurred among clones in stem digestibility. However, the variability among clones in leaf digestibility was small.

Dry matter intake, nutrient selection and milk production of dairy cows grazing rainfed perennial pastures at different herbage allowances in spring

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 923 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Moate ◽  
D. E. Dalley ◽  
J. R. Roche ◽  
C. Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Selection Differentials

Summary. The effect of herbage allowance (20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 kg DM/cow. day) on the consumption of nutrients from herbage and milk production by cows in early lactation, was examined. The experiment was conducted on rainfed perennial ryegrass pastures in September and October 1997 in south-eastern Victoria, Australia. The herbage on offer comprised 64% perennial ryegrass, 21% other grasses, 1% white clover, 5% weeds and 9% dead material on a dry matter (DM) basis. The average pregrazing herbage height was 13 cm, at an estimated pregrazing herbage mass of 3.6 t DM/ha. The herbage on offer was of high quality containing 11.6 MJ metabolisable energy/kg DM, 202 g crude protein/kg DM and 525 g neutral detergent fibre/kg DM. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur and chloride were 4.4, 2.2, 4.4, 31.2, 3.5, 2.7 and 11.4 g/kg DM, respectively. As daily herbage allowance per cow increased, dry matter intake increased curvilinearly (P<0.01) from 11.2 to 18.7 kg DM/cow. day. This was associated with a decrease in utilisation of herbage from 54 to 26% and an increase in milk production from 25.9 to 29.1 kg/cow. day. The cows on all treatments grazed for less than 8.7 h/day. The increase in intake was achieved by an increase in the rate of herbage intake from 1.5 to 2.2 kg DM/h for herbage allowances of 20 and 70 kg/cow.day, respectively. Irrespective of herbage allowance, cows selected a diet that was approximately 10% higher in in vitro dry matter digestibility and 30% higher in crude protein than that in the herbage on offer. The neutral detergent fibre content of the herbage selected was lower (P<0.05) than that on offer. The herbage consumed contained more (P<0.05) magnesium, potassium and sulfur, the same amount of calcium and phosphorus and less (P<0.05) sodium and chloride than the herbage on offer. For rainfed perennial pastures in spring, herbage allowance is an important factor in determining voluntary feed intake and production of dairy cows. To achieve 30 L from herbage, without supplementation, high herbage allowances are required. The increase in herbage intake, with increasing herbage allowance, resulted from an increase in rate of dry matter intake and not an increase in grazing time. No relationship was evident between herbage allowance and the selection differentials for in vitro dry matter digestibility, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre. Selection differentials for rainfed perennial pastures in spring are similar to those reported for irrigated perennial pastures in northern Victoria in spring and autumn. When determining nutrient requirements it is important to consider the interaction between herbage intake and nutrient concentration in the herbage.

Differences between the in vitro digestibility of extrusa collected from oesophageal fistulated steers and the forage consumed

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Coates ◽  
Robert J. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
C3 Grasses

In a study that included C4 tropical grasses, C3 temperate grasses and C3 pasture legumes, in vitro dry matter digestibility of extrusa, measured as in vitro dry matter loss (IVDML) during incubation, compared with that of the forage consumed, was greater for grass extrusa but not for legume extrusa. The increase in digestibility was not caused by mastication or by the freezing of extrusa samples during storage but by the action of saliva. Comparable increases in IVDML were achieved merely by mixing bovine saliva with ground forage samples. Differences were greater than could be explained by increases due to completely digestible salivary DM. There was no significant difference between animals in relation to the saliva effect on IVDML and, except for some minor differences, similar saliva effects on IVDML were measured using either the pepsin–cellulase or rumen fluid–pepsin in vitro techniques. For both C4 and C3 grasses the magnitude of the differences were inversely related to IVDML of the feed and there was little or no difference between extrusa and feed at high digestibilities (>70%) whereas differences of more than 10 percentage units were measured on low quality grass forages. The data did not suggest that the extrusa or saliva effect on digestibility was different for C3 grasses than for C4 grasses but data on C3 grasses were limited to few species and to high digestibility samples. For legume forages there was no saliva effect when the pepsin–cellulase method was used but there was a small but significant positive effect using the rumen fluid–pepsin method. It was concluded that when samples of extrusa are analysed using in vitro techniques, predicted in vivo digestibility of the feed consumed will often be overestimated, especially for low quality grass diets. The implications of overestimating in vivo digestibility and suggestions for overcoming such errors are discussed.

scholarly journals Yield and nutritional value of BRS Capiaçu grass at different regrowth ages

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 2045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Pinto Monção ◽  
Marco Aurélio Moraes Soares Costa ◽  
João Paulo Sampaio Rigueria ◽  
Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽  
Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The objective was to evaluate the productivity, chemical composition, ruminal degradability of dry matter and digestibility of BRS capiaçu grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) managed at five regrowth ages. A completely randomized design with ten replications was used in the BRS capiaçu elephant grass subjected to five cutting intervals (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days) in the summer, making a total of 50 plots with a useful area of 4 x 2 m. There were daily increases in the dry matter production in the order of 382 kg ha-1, with 49,859 kg ha-1 being produced at 150 regrowth days. The dry matter content and organic matter linearly increased (P < 0.01) at different regrowth ages. The crude protein content, in vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber linearly reduced (P < 0.01) 0.037%, 0.196% and 0.256% per day, respectively. Potential degradability of dry matter decreased from 68.9% at 30 days to 44.7% at 150 regrowth days (0.194 percentage units per day). The rate of degradation of fraction B 'c' was not modified (P = 0.94), averaging 1.46% hour-1. In the cultivation of BRS capiaçu elephant grass in the summer season, in the northern region of Minas Gerais, the age for harvesting between 90 and 120 days of regrowth is recommended.

scholarly journals Protein enrichment of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus - indica Mill) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae in solid-state fermentation

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (spe) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lúcia de Fátima Araújo ◽  
Ariosvaldo Nunes Medeiros ◽  
Américo Perazzo Neto ◽  
Líbia de Sousa Conrado Oliveira ◽  
Flávio Luiz Honorato da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Gross Energy

The microbial protein bioconversion of cactus pear by yeast in solid medium was studied. Three cultivation variables used were: inoculum's concentrations (5, 10 and 15 %), substrate layer thickness (2, 4 and 6 cm) and temperature (30, 34 and 38 ºC). The rate of dry matter production and total protein were determined. Results obtained were variance analysis, gross energy and in vitro dry matter digestibility. The maximum protein amount achieved for the conditions studied in the present work was higher than 26 %, which was compatible or greater than those of conventional concentrates of protein supplements used for animal feed. The protein concentrate of cactus pear had a higher in vitro digestibility index (95.8 %) and did not show any changes in the gross energy value when compared to that of the cactus pear in natura.

The influence of weather on the quality of tropical legume pasture during the dry season in northern Australia. III. Effects of digestibility and chemical composition

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL McCown ◽  
BH Wall
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Dry Tropics

In the semi-arid tropics, accumulated shed leaf of certain pasture legumes can provide highly nutritious feed for cattle in the dry season. Previous papers in this series have dealt with the fungal spoilage of leaf of Caribbean stylo in response to dew and unseasonal rainfall and the threat to acceptability by cattle. This paper focuses on the effects of varying degrees of moulding and leaching on dry matter digestibility of leaf of this legume. Uniform leaf material of high digestibility was exposed at six locations during the dry season and samples retrieved at 4-weekly intervals. From initial values of 75%. in vitro digestibility dropped to as low as 50%. Degree of moulding, as indicated by a quantitative index of discoloration, accounted for about 80�/o of loss. Moulding was much more important than leaching. This latter finding in the winter-dry tropics contrasts with previous findings in the summer-dry Mediterranean climate.

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