scholarly journals Effect of Heat Resource Effectiveness Change on Rice Potential Yield in Southern China

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 896
Author(s):  
Qing Ye ◽  
Xiaoguang Yang ◽  
Wenjuan Xie ◽  
Junmeng Yao ◽  
Zhe Cai
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Effective Heat ◽  
Rice Growing Season

During the rice growing season, farmers’ decisions about cropping systems and seed varieties directly affect the utilization of heat resource, and eventually affect the potential yield. In this study, we used the hourly accumulated temperature model to calculate the available heat resource as well as the effective heat resource in southern China. We conducted a spatiotemporal analysis of the heat resource effectiveness during rice growing season and an impact assessment of heat resource effectiveness on rice potential yield and cereal yield reduction. The results showed that, during the period of 1951–2015, heat resource effectiveness generally declined in the rice cropping area of southern China. And this decrease worsened during the most recent three decades compared with the period of 1951–1980. A strong correlation was detected between heat resource effectiveness and rice potential yield in the study area. When the effective heat resource during the growing season increased by 1 °C·d, rice potential yield would increase by 14 kg ha−1. For each percentage increase in heat resource effectiveness, the rice potential yield reduction rate would go down by 0.65%. This agro-climatological study aims to offer a scientific basis for rice production decisions in southern China, such as when to plant, which varieties to choose and so on.

Response and adaptation of soybean systems to climate warming in Northeast China: insights gained from long-term field trials

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 876 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Zheng ◽  
L. D. Chen ◽  
X. Z. Han
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Term Field

Developing and assessing successful strategies to alleviate adverse impact of climate warming presents a new opportunity for sustainable agriculture and adaptation investment. Efforts to anticipate adaptation of cropping systems may benefit from understanding the global warming effects within decades. This study quantitatively examines the temperature warming impacts during, respectively, growing season and seed filling on soybean yields by using data from long-term field fertilisation experiments from 1987 to 2004. Here we report that grain yields significantly decreased with rising temperature during growing season, whereas the effects of increasing temperature at seed-filling stage on crop yields were significantly positive. The results indicate that a further temperature increment during seed filling appears to decrease soybean system’s risk of yield reduction. Importantly, we inferred that earlier occurrence of seed filling would increase the temperature of this period. The implication is that advancing the onset of soybean seed filling could be an effective adaptation option to global warming, providing an average yield benefit of ~14% per 10 days before the present date.

scholarly journals The Effects of Climate Change on the Planting Boundary and Potential Yield for Different Rice Cropping Systems in Southern China

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1546-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing YE ◽  
Xiao-guang YANG ◽  
Zhi-juan LIU ◽  
Shu-wei DAI ◽  
Yong LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Rice Cropping Systems

Improving Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Control in Soybean and Sunflower Cropping Systems

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel L. Van Esso ◽  
Claudio M. Ghersa
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Sunflower Crop

Overall efficacy of control practices for Johnsongrass was evaluated in soybean and sunflower cropping systems where timing of cultural and chemical control practices was adjusted to weed phenological stages by using visually estimated indices (stems 15 to 30 cm in height with 4 to 8 leaves) and with a thermal calendar model to forecast the crucial period for Johnsongrass propagation (when the population's rhizome mass is at a minimum). When visually estimated indices were used, weed infestation at the end of one growing season remained constant for the soybean cropping system and was reduced by about 70% in the sunflower crop. With the thermal calendar, weed infestation was reduced in both cropping systems by more than 90% in one growing season, and Johnsongrass was eradicated in two growing seasons. Although timing the control procedures to the crucial period severely hampered persistence of the weed in both cropping systems, the crop yield of sunflower was reduced by 35%. This yield reduction was caused by the delay in sowing date needed in order to adjust control procedures to the crucial period for propagation.

scholarly journals Identification and characteristics of combined agrometeorological disasters caused by low temperature in a rice growing region in Liaoning Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruipeng Ji ◽  
Wenying Yu ◽  
Rui Feng ◽  
Jinwen Wu ◽  
Yushu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Cold Damage ◽  
Rice Growing Season

AbstractOwing to climate change, agrometeorological disasters are becoming increasingly complex. Here, we analysed the characteristics of combined agrometeorological disaster (CAD) caused by low temperature in annual rice crops in Liaoning Province, China, from 1961 to 2017. We assessed the repeat occurrence of natural disasters on rice production. The results showed that (1) there were six possible CAD scenarios in a rice growing season. These included two scenarios with one disaster in two periods (OD-1, OD-2), three scenarios with two different disasters (TD-1, TD-2, TD-3) and one with multiple disasters (MD-1). Since 1961, the overall occurrence of the six CAD scenarios showed a downward trend. Among the six scenarios, TD-1 had the greatest distribution and occurred most frequently; (2) three possible single agrometeorological disaster (SAD) scenarios may occur during a rice growing season, delayed cold damage (SAD-d), frost damage at only one stage (SAD-f), sterile-type cold damage at one stage (SAD-s). Since 1961, the SAD-d frequency decreased, whereas, since the mid-1980s, the SAD-f frequency increased; (3) SAD and CAD frequencies showed downward trends, with CAD declining more than SAD. The CAD geographical range and frequency were smaller than those of SAD. Rice damage in SAD-f and OD-1 scenarios showed no significant trend, but appeared to have slightly increased. The main agrometeorological disasters affecting rice production in Liaoning Province were delayed cold damage, frost damage or both; (4) a comparison of the rice yield reduction rates of years in which CAD or SAD occurred in more than 50% of stations in Liaoning Province revealed that the yield reduction rates associated with the former were greater than those associated with the latter. CAD had more types, and the occurrences and impacts were more complicated, than for SAD. Compared with SAD, the effects of CAD may be magnified in rice crops, leading to reduced yields.

scholarly journals Locally Available Organic Waste for Counteracting Strawberry Decline in a Mountain Specialized Cropping Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3964
Author(s):  
Sebastian Soppelsa ◽  
Luisa Maria Manici ◽  
Francesco Caputo ◽  
Massimo Zago ◽  
Markus Kelderer
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Anaerobic Digestate ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects

Crop decline caused by soil borne fungal pathogens affects specialized cropping systems such as fruit trees and strawberry. A study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of pre-plant application of waste-derived biomasses in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) to reduce that phenomenon. A field experiment was carried out in an alpine strawberry specialized valley in South Tyrol (Italy), in a long term cultivated field selected for yield reduction over recent years. In July 2018, one month before strawberry transplanting, a field experiment with four soil treatments was set up: anaerobic digestate (solid fraction) of liquid manure, compost from anaerobic digestate of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), untreated control and Dazomet as chemical control. Plants were grown for two cycles (2019 and 2020). Dazomet always gave a significant (over 50%) increase in marketable yield per plant in both the years, anaerobic digestates did not improve strawberry production; compost from OFMSW gave phytotoxic effects in the first year, but improved strawberry yield like Dazomet in the second. Changes of rhizosphere bacterial populations and difference in root pathogen abundance, especially that of Dactylonectria torresensis, were correlated to the crop response to treatments. Findings suggest that waste-derived biomasses are a promising eco-friendly option for counteracting strawberry yield decline. Their positive impact was mostly linked to functional improvements induced by microbial variations. However, the use of such organic amendment requires careful evaluation of composition, doses and above all application times to reduce phytotoxic effects that in some cases can occur in the first months after application.

scholarly journals Identifying maize yield and precipitation gaps in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Epule Epule ◽  
Driss Dhiba ◽  
Daniel Etongo ◽  
Changhui Peng ◽  
Laurent Lepage
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Bank Group ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Yield Gaps ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Growing Season Precipitation

AbstractIn sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), precipitation is an important driver of agricultural production. In Uganda, maize production is essentially rain-fed. However, due to changes in climate, projected maize yield targets have not often been met as actual observed maize yields are often below simulated/projected yields. This outcome has often been attributed to parallel gaps in precipitation. This study aims at identifying maize yield and precipitation gaps in Uganda for the period 1998–2017. Time series historical actual observed maize yield data (hg/ha/year) for the period 1998–2017 were collected from FAOSTAT. Actual observed maize growing season precipitation data were also collected from the climate portal of World Bank Group for the period 1998–2017. The simulated or projected maize yield data and the simulated or projected growing season precipitation data were simulated using a simple linear regression approach. The actual maize yield and actual growing season precipitation data were now compared with the simulated maize yield data and simulated growing season precipitation to establish the yield gaps. The results show that three key periods of maize yield gaps were observed (period one: 1998, period two: 2004–2007 and period three: 2015–2017) with parallel precipitation gaps. However, in the entire series (1998–2017), the years 2008–2009 had no yield gaps yet, precipitation gaps were observed. This implies that precipitation is not the only driver of maize yields in Uganda. In fact, this is supported by a low correlation between precipitation gaps and maize yield gaps of about 6.3%. For a better understanding of cropping systems in SSA, other potential drivers of maize yield gaps in Uganda such as soils, farm inputs, crop pests and diseases, high yielding varieties, literacy, and poverty levels should be considered.

scholarly journals Soil microbial biomass and function are altered by 12 years of crop rotation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall D. McDaniel ◽  
A. Stuart Grandy
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Biodiversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Catabolic Potential ◽  
And Function

Abstract. Agriculture-driven declines in plant biodiversity reduce soil microbial biomass, alter microbial functions, and threaten the provisioning of soil ecosystem services. We examined whether increasing temporal plant biodiversity (by rotating crops) can partially reverse these trends and enhance microbial biomass and function. We quantified seasonal patterns in soil microbial biomass, respiration rates, extracellular enzyme activity, and catabolic potential three times over one growing season in a 12-year crop rotation study at the W.K. Kellogg Biological Station LTER. Rotation treatments varied from one to five crops in a three-year rotation cycle, but all soils were sampled under corn to isolate historical rotation effects from current crop effects. Inorganic N, the stoichiometry of microbial biomass and dissolved organic C and N varied seasonally, likely reflecting fluctuations in soil resources during the growing season. Soils from biodiverse cropping systems increased microbial biomass C by 28–112 % and N by 18–58 % compared to monoculture corn. Rotations increased potential C mineralization by as much as 64 %, and potential N mineralization by 62 %, and both were related to substantially higher hydrolase and lower oxidase enzyme activities. The catabolic potential of the microbial community, assessed with community-level physiological profiling, showed that microbial communities in monoculture corn preferentially used simple substrates like carboxylic acids, relative to more diverse cropping systems. By isolating plant biodiversity from differences in fertilization and tillage, our study illustrates that crop biodiversity has overarching effects on soil microbial biomass and function that last throughout the growing season. In simplified agricultural systems, relatively small increases in plant biodiversity have a large impact on microbial community size and function.

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