Effect of soil management, pH, and fertilizers on Packham's Triumph and Josephine de Malines pears

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (43) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
A Selimi ◽  
JC Keatley
Keyword(s):  
Soil Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Potassium Sulphate ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Post Trial ◽  
Bare Surface ◽  
Tree Vigour ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Similar Yield

The effects of soil management, liming (soil pH), and fertilizers on Packham's Triumph and Josephine de Malines pears under irrigation conditions were studied. The management systems were cultivation, straw mulch, bare surface, and white clover sward. The fertilizers were phosphorus and nitrogen (on straw mulch only), potash and nitrogen (on bare surface only), nitrogen on clover sward only, and calcium as agricultural lime and nitrogen (on cultivation only). Treatment effects were expressed as yield or vigour differences between pre-trial and post-trial periods. Packham's gave similar yield of fruit whether on cultivation or straw mulch. The yield from clover sward and bare surface was much lower than from straw mulch trees. Tree vigour was best under straw mulch and similar within the other treatments. For Josephine, all treatments yielded equally, but tree vigour was best under straw mulch plots. Packham's under bare surface and receiving the highest dressing of potassium sulphate yielded better than the unfertilized trees. Josephine under straw mulch and receiving the highest dressing of superphosphate yielded better than unfertilized trees. Under clover sward, Packham's receiving no artificial nitrogen had lower yield than those receiving standard dressing of nitrogen (0.7 metric tons per hectare of ammonium sulphate). Under these conditions, there were no differences in the yield of Josephines, whether they had artificial nitrogen or not. Packham's under cultivation had similar yield at pH 5.0, 6.5, or 7.5. Josephines, however, yielded much better at pH 6.5 and 7.5 than at pH 5.0.

scholarly journals Adaptability of lettuce cultivars to planting in no-tillage on straw of Urochloa ruziziensis

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 824-832
Author(s):  
Andréia Cristina Silva Hirata ◽  
Edson Kiyoharu Hirata ◽  
João Augusto Rizzo Camara
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Similar Yield

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the adaptability of different lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivars grown in no-tillage on straw of ruzi grass (Urochloa ruziziensis), as well as its effects on soil temperature and weed control, in successive cultivations in the summer. The treatments were carried out in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates, in a split-plot arrangement (2x4), in which soil management (no-tillage on ruzi grass and convention tillage) was the main plot, and the different crisphead lettuce cultivars (Amanda, Solaris, Vanda, and Vera), the subplots. No difference was observed between cultivars for soil management. No-tillage reduced the soil temperature by up to 3.7°C and weed density by 3.7 times, in comparison with conventional tillage. Ruzi grass promoted a greater bed conservation. In comparison to with conventional tillage, the no-tillage management of lettuce cultivated on ruzi grass straw resulted in a lower yield in the first crop due to excess straw; in a similar yield in the second crop; and in a greater yield in the third crop. Lettuce cultivated on ruzi grass straw in no-tillage management results in a greater sustainability, in comparison with conventional tillage, in three successive plantings.

Soil management of peach trees in the Goulburn Valley, Victoria

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (20) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Cockroft
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Horticultural Research ◽  
Bare Surface

A soil management trial on peach trees at Tatura Horticultural Research Station included four treatments that were cultivated, three permanent sods, a bare surface, and a straw mulch. The trees under straw mulch grew the largest and produced the highest yields (11.4 tons an acre a year over five years). Yields of all other treatments were similar (7.8 tons an acre a pear over five years) although the trees under clean cultivation and bare surface tended to be larger than the rest. The results are discussed in terms of competition from summer covers, tree root growth in the surface soil, and the utilization of irrigation water.

Effects of soil management, pollination, and nitrogen fertilizers on Williams' pear trees

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (40) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
A Selimi ◽  
JC Keatley
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Dominant Response ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Growth Decline ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Better Than

The effect of soil management, pollination, and level and timing of nitrogen fertilizer on mature spurpruned Williams' pear trees under irrigated conditions was studied. The dominant response was due to soil management; straw mulch was better than cultivation, and cultivation was equal to clover sward in yield, but was inferior in vigour. Cross pollination improved yield, and tended to depress growth for both straw mulch and clover sward plots, but had little or no effect in cultivation. The various nitrogen treatments produced no important differences except that unfertilized trees declined in growth though not in yield, and the growth decline was slower than expected. After the fertilizer trials were concluded, the clover sward treatment was lifted in production to almost equal straw mulch. This improvement was probably due to the introduction of less severe pruning and the use of weedicides along the tree line.

The effects of soil management and fungicides on the development of grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) of strawberries

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
PT Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
The Other ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

The incidence of grey mould (Botrytis cinerea Fr.) in Red Gauntlet strawberries growing under a clean cultivation system of soil management was reduced by the use of fungicides captan 0.1 per cent and dichloran 0.2 per cent. Dichloran was phytotoxic, and when applied as a soil drench, reduced yields. With straw mulch and black polyethylene mulch systems of management, there was no reduction in incidence of grey mould through the use of fungicides, but the level of grey mould was lower than with the clean cultivation system. The lower incidence of grey mould under the mulch systems is attributed to the absence of direct contact of the fruit with soil vegetation debris invaded with Botrytis. Polyethylene mulch resulted in earlier cropping than the other management systems. Total yields were the same with polyethylene mulch and clean cultivation, and were lower with straw mulch.

scholarly journals Earthworm Abundance Changes Depending on Soil Management Practices in Slovenian Vineyards

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1241
Author(s):  
Stanko Vršič ◽  
Marko Breznik ◽  
Borut Pulko ◽  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
The Impact

Earthworms are key indicators of soil quality and health in vineyards, but research that considers different soil management systems, especially in Slovenian viticultural areas is scarce. In this investigation, the impact of different soil management practices such as permanent green cover, the use of herbicides in row and inter-row areas, use of straw mulch, and shallow soil tillage compared to meadow control for earthworm abundance, were assessed. The biomass and abundance of earthworms (m2) and distribution in various soil layers were quantified for three years. Monitoring and a survey covering 22 May 2014 to 5 October 2016 in seven different sampling dates, along with a soil profile at the depth from 0 to 60 cm, were carried out. Our results showed that the lowest mean abundance and biomass of earthworms in all sampling periods were registered along the herbicide strip (within the rows). The highest abundance was found in the straw mulch and permanent green cover treatments (higher than in the control). On the plots where the herbicide was applied to the complete inter-row area, the abundance of the earthworm community decreased from the beginning to the end of the monitoring period. In contrast, shallow tillage showed a similar trend of declining earthworm abundance, which could indicate a deterioration of soil biodiversity conditions. We concluded that different soil management practices greatly affect the soil’s environmental conditions (temperature and humidity), especially in the upper soil layer (up to 15 cm deep), which affects the abundance of the earthworm community. Our results demonstrated that these practices need to be adapted to the climate and weather conditions, and also to human impacts.

Corn rhizosphere microbial community in different long term soil management systems

2022 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 104339
Author(s):  
Eliane Cristina Gruszka Vendruscolo ◽  
Dany Mesa ◽  
Emanuel Maltempi de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbial Community

scholarly journals Nutrient losses by water erosion

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildegardis Bertol ◽  
Eloy Lemos Mello ◽  
Jean Cláudio Guadagnin ◽  
Almir Luis Vedana Zaparolli ◽  
Marcos Roberto Carrafa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Water erosion causes soil degradation, which is closely related to nutrient losses either in, the soluble form or adsorbed to soil particles, depending mainly on the adopted soil management system. This study was carried out in São José do Cerrito, SC, Brazil, between March 2000 and June 2001. The objective was to quantify available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium losses in water erosion obtained with simulated rainfall in the following soil management systems: conventional tillage with no-crop (bare soil) (BS), conventional tillage with soybean (CT), reduced tillage with soybean (RT), no tillage with soybean on a desiccated and burned natural pasture (DBNP), and no tillage with soybean on a desiccated natural pasture (DNP). A rotating boom rainfall simulator was used to perform three rainfall tests with constant intensity of 64 mm h-1 and sufficient duration to reach constant runoff rate, on a clayey-loam, well-structured Typic Hapludox, with an average slope of 0.18 m m-1. The first test was carried out five days before soybean emergence and the second and third at 30 and 60 days, respectively. The nutrient concentration in water and total losses of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium were higher under CT than in the other soil management systems.

Advanced Bridge Automation

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (04) ◽  
pp. 276-285
Author(s):  
Edward Denham
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Routine Tasks ◽  
Information Management Systems ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Do So

The past thirty years have seen great advances in many areas of the technologies used in naval vessels. Propulsion systems, machinery automation, and information management systems have all undergone revolutionary changes. The bridges of these ships have similarly seen the advent of many new sources of navigational and environmental data. The process of correlating and interpreting all of this information has until now remained very labor-intensive, subject to human error at many stages of the process. In response to this challenge, a suite of new equipment has been developed for distributing, displaying, correlating, and logging shipboard data. This equipment automates most of the low-level, routine tasks involved in navigating a vessel at sea, significantly reducing the stress and workload of bridge personnel. This gives the humans on the bridge more time for doing the job that they do so much better than machines: making decisions. This paper focuses on the key technologies that are used in these new products and the advances in bridge design and automation they make possible. The benefits of these new capabilities to system designers, to shipbuilders, and to ship operators are also explored.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document