The importance of weight loss in reducing breakdown of Jonathan apples

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
KJ Scott ◽  
EA Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Cent Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Initial Storage

Studies were made of the effect of different treatments on weight loss and breakdown of Jonathan apples. The apples were stored at 30�F under high relative humidity except while the following treatments were applied : initial storage at 30�F for 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks at 65 per cent relative humidity ; storage at 30�F over calcium chloride for 8 weeks ; hydrocooling ; step-wise cooling from 36�F to 30�F ; and warming the fruit at 68�F for 24 hours. The level of breakdown in all treatments depended on the loss in weight of the fruit. Initial storage at low humidity appears to be a practical method of reducing breakdown.

scholarly journals Color change and quality response of ‘lane late’ orange submitted to degreening process

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCISCA L. DE C. MACHADO ◽  
JOÃO P. CAJAZEIRA ◽  
JOSÉ M. C. DA COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Peel Color ◽  
Golden Yellow ◽  
Puncture Force

This study aimed at evaluating the effects of ethylene on peel color and compositional changes in ‘Lane late’ orange stored under refrigerated and ambient conditions. Physiologically mature, but green-peeled, oranges were exposed to ethylene gas under room temperature and high relative humidity for 24 hours. Storage chamber was ventilated with fresh air after 12 hours to mitigate consequences derived from fruit respiration. Both nondestructive analysis, such as peel color (hue angle, chromaticity, and brightness) and weight loss, and destructive ones (soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids to acidity ratio, and puncture force) were performed upon harvest, after degreening, and every three days during eighteen days in storage. Experiment was carried out using an entirely randomized design with thirty replications for nondestructive and four replications for destructive analyses, in a split plot scheme. Exposure to ethylene ensured a golden yellow peel for both fruit stored under ambient and refrigerated conditions. High relative humidity, associated with low temperature prevented fruit from losing moisture. Fruit exposure to ethylene did not affect weight loss, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids, acidity ratio, or puncture force.

scholarly journals High Relative Humidity after Ethylene Gassing is Important to Banana Fruit Quality

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia M. Blankenship ◽  
Robert W. Herdeman
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Compression Injury ◽  
Peel Color ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Low Humidity

Bananas were held at 18C in all possible combinations of 65%, 75%, or 95% relative humidity (RH) before and after gassing with ethylene. Peel color, fruit firmness, starch loss, compression injury to peel and pulp, and overall peel scarring were measured. Peels were greener and the fruit were slightly firmer when fruit were held in the higher humidity combinations, particularly when the humidity was high after gassing with ethylene. Starch loss was not different among humidity treatments. Overall peel scarring was about twice as severe with 65% RH compared to 95% RH during the ripening phase. Low humidity before ethylene gassing had little effect on overall scarring. There were some instances where humidity had a significant effect on compression injury; high humidity caused less injury, but the effect was inconsistent.

Practical Method for Obtaining Dry Air for Humidity Control in a Rubber Laboratory

1929 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-322
Author(s):  
F. S. Conover
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
American Chemical Society ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Testing Laboratories ◽  
Physical Testing ◽  
Cent Relative Humidity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Short Time

Abstract THE effect of relative humidity on rubber-testing has been the subject of much recent investigation. String-field and Conover and Depew have published papers on this subject. The last-named authors recommended that the rubber be stored in dry cabinets before milling, between milling and vulcanization, and between vulcanization and testing, at a temperature of 75° ±5° F. A short time later the Physical Testing Committee of the Rubber Division of the American Chemical Society recommended that all laboratory testing be carried out at 45 per cent relative humidity and 82° ±5°F. While both methods have undoubted merit, it was believed that for physical testing laboratories, particularly such as this one, zero humidity was both more conducive to reliable results and easier to maintain. Accordingly, equipment was installed for maintaining zero humidity and its performance has been consistently good. Since several of the larger rubber laboratories have shown interest in the equipment, it has been decided to present this description of the installation and its operation.

scholarly journals (27) Peel Browning Development of Bananas Treated with SmartFresh™ and Film Coatings Stored under Low Humidity Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 994D-994
Author(s):  
Manuel Baez-Sañudo ◽  
Jorge Siller-Cepeda ◽  
Rosalba Contreras-Martinez ◽  
Laura Contreras-Angulo ◽  
Rosabel Velez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Film Coatings ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
And Control

Bananas are usually harvested at the “all green” maturity stage in the country of origin and exported to main markets. Upon arrival, fruits are forced to ripen with ethylene and moved to market conditions to accelerate color change and ripening. Fruits exposed to low relative humidity conditions at market frequently induce browning of the peel and diminish quality. To protect fruits marketed under those conditions and to reduce peel browning, SmartFresh™ (1-MCP) alone or combined with two film coatings was evaluated. Banana Cavendish type fruits obtained from a warehouse at all green color stage were applied with two film coatings: 1) SemperFresh™ (1.2%); or 2) FreshSeal™ (3 °Brix). Additionally, a set of fruits were left as a control without coatings. Coated and control fruits were then exposed to 150 ppm of ethylene for 24 hours at 20 °C. When fruits reached color stage 3 (more green than yellow), 0 and 300 ppb of 1-MCP were applied for 12 hours at 22 °C. Fruits from all six treatments were stored at 22 °C and 30% to 40% relative humidity for 5 days to follow quality changes and browning development. Weight loss, firmness, color, pH, acidity, °Brix and appearance were evaluated daily. Control fruits, SmartFresh™ alone, FreshSeal™ + SmartFresh™ and both film coatings alone lost more than 10% of weight after 5 days. Only fruits treated with SemperFresh™ + SmartFresh™ reduced weight loss below 10%. Firmness tests indicated a higher force penetration due to dehydration of peel. Pronounced browning was observed on control fruits. SemperFresh™ + SmartFresh™ delayed yellow color appearance, sugar spot incidence, and peel browning development, extending shelf-life. No significant changes were observed on chemical characteristics.

Effect of inoculation method on rhizobium survival and plant nodulation under adverse conditions

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (85) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Philpotts
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Arabic Gum ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Cent Relative Humidity ◽  
Series Of Experiments

In a series of experiments, different inoculation methods applied to seeds of Glycine wightii were compared for their effect on survival of rhizobia (Rhizobium sp.) under various conditions: high temperature with and without high relative humidity, exposure to sunlight, and contact with superphosphate. Seeds were inoculated with peat inoculum in gum arabic (gum treatment), in gum arabic plus a coating of lime or rock phosphate, or with peat inoculum in water (slurry). When subjected to 50�C for eight hours a day, survival of the cowpea-type Rhizobium strain CB756 was poorer at 75 per cent relative humidity than at 40 per cent. CB756 survived better than the clover strain TA1 under high temperature and high relative humidity, and neither lime nor phosphate pelleting increased survival of the two strains over the gum treatment. Poorest survival was with phosphate for TA1 and lime for CB756. When exposed to sunlight, numbers of CB756 fell most rapidly in the gum treatment but, after a longer period in a glasshouse at about 30�C, survival was poorest in the slurry treatment. When mixed with superphosphate, lime pelleting resulted in best survival of both strains. In pot experiments, lime pelleting resulted in a higher percentage of nodulated plants and higher plant weights of Trifolium subterraneum and Glycine wightii, the advantage being greatest when low numbers of rhizobia were on the seed at sowing.

A study of the influence of humidity on the friction and squeal generation of automotive brake pads

2001 ◽  
Vol 215 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Eriksson ◽  
A. Lundqvist ◽  
S. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Brake Squeal ◽  
Humid Atmosphere ◽  
High Metal Content ◽  
Cent Relative Humidity ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Low Humidity

In order to clarify the influence of humidity on the coefficient of friction and brake squeal generation, a series of brake rig tests has been performed. The influence of both air humidity and pad humidity was evaluated. The results show that, between 20 and 80 per cent relative humidity, air humidity has a limited influence on the coefficient of friction. Nevertheless, in a humid atmosphere the friction coefficient was considerably lower than in a wet environment for two of the pads and higher for one pad. This is believed to be an effect of different mechanisms of tribofilm formation on the pad surfaces. The tribofilm observed on the pads mainly consists of iron oxide originating from the disc. The film is more easily formed in dry environments and preferentially by the pads with low metal content. The friction increase often seen during each individual stop is slightly lower at high air humidity. This effect is more pronounced for the pads with high metal content. Generally, the pads with smooth surfaces were less sensitive to changes in humidity. Only a limited correlation was found between relative humidity and brake squeal generation. One of the pads generated considerably more squeal in low humidity. None of the pads showed the opposite behaviour.

Persistence of nosocomial bacteria on 2 biocidal fabrics based on silver under conditions of high relative humidity

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 879-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa López-Gigosos ◽  
Alberto Mariscal ◽  
Mario Gutierrez-Bedmar ◽  
Eloisa Mariscal-Lopez ◽  
Joaquín Fernández-Crehuet
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
High Relative Humidity

scholarly journals High Temperatures Decrease the Flight Capacity of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Antolinez ◽  
Tobias Moyneur ◽  
Xavier Martini ◽  
Monique J. Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Flight Duration ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Flight Capacity ◽  
Low Humidity

Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), commonly known as Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), is an invasive insect pest and the vector of the bacterium causing Huanglongbing (HLB), a lethal disease of citrus. In the United States, ACP has been established in all citrus-producing zones, all of which have different environmental conditions. The spread of ACP and, more importantly, HLB, has progressed differently depending on the state, with more rapid spread in Florida and Texas than in California. Climatic variations between the regions are likely a strong factor in the difference in the rate of spread. Despite this, it is unknown how the flight capacity of D. citri is influenced by high temperatures (>30 °C) and subsequently, low humidity experienced in California but not in Texas or Florida. In this study, by using a custom-made, temperature-controlled flight mill arena, we assessed the effect of high temperatures on the flight capacity and flight propensity of D. citri under low (20–40%) and high (76–90%) relative humidity conditions. We found that temperature and humidity influence the propensity to engage in short or long-distance flight events. Psyllids exposed to temperatures above 43 °C only performed short flights (˂60 s), and a high relative humidity significantly decrease the proportion of long flights (≥60 s) at 26 and 40 °C. The flight capacity for insects who engaged in short and long flights was significantly affected by temperature but not by humidity. For long flyers, temperature (in the 26–43 °C range) was negatively correlated with distance flown and flight duration. The most favorable temperature for long dispersion was 26 °C, with suboptimal temperatures in the range of 32–37 °C and the least favorable temperatures at 40 and 43 °C. In conclusion, D. citri is able to fly in a broad range of temperatures and efficiently fly in high and low humidity. However, temperatures above 40 °C, similar to those experienced in semi-arid environments like Southern California or Arizona, are detrimental for its flight capacity.

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