Selection for economic characters in Lupinus angustifolius and L. digitatus

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (27) ◽  
pp. 360 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Gladstones
Keyword(s):  
Homologous Series ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Species Being

A search among field populations of Lupinus angustifolius L. and L. digitalus Forsk. yielded two morphologically and genetically distinct lines in each species with markedly reduced pod-shattering at maturity. In all four lines, reduced shattering was found to be due to a single recessive gene, the two genes of each species being non-allelic and probably unlinked. Double homozygotes were obtained, and proved to be fully non-shattering in both species. The anatomical changes resulting in reduced- or non-shattering are of at least two types. In one type of each species there is fusion of the normally divided strips of sclerenchyma in the pod seams, similar to that in the non-shattering Strain 3535A of L. luteus. In the others there is a weakening of the sclerified inner layer (endocarp) of the pod walls, similar to that in L. albus, L. mutabilis, and many other cultivated legumes. It is suggested that at least two independent homologous series of genes control pod-shattering in the genus Lupinus.

THE INHERITANCE OF CONDENSED TANNIN CONCENTRATION IN LENTIL

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. VAILLANCOURT ◽  
A. E. SLINKARD ◽  
R. D. REICHERT
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Components Of Variance ◽  
Method Selection ◽  
Tannin Concentration ◽  
Selection For

In lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) condensed tannins are responsible for seed coat darkening during storage and the associated reduction in crop quality. The vanillin-HCl method was used to measure tannin concentration. Tannins were present only in the seed coat. Tannin concentration in the seed coat of 87 lines from the USDA World Lentil Collection ranged from 35 to 93 g kg−1 and averaged 63.3 g kg−1. The zero-tannin trait of PI 345635 lentil was controlled by a single recessive gene (tan tan) that had pleiotropic effects on plant pigmentation and seed coat thickness. Heritability of tannin concentration among lines containing tannin was 66.4 ± 4.4%, based on the components of variance method. Selection for lower or higher tannin concentration in lentil should be effective.Key words: Lentil, tannin, tannin genetics, proanthocyanidin, Lens culinaris

scholarly journals A Proposed Model for Inheritance of Primocane Fruiting in Tetraploid Erect Blackberry

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Lopez-Medina ◽  
James N. Moore ◽  
Ronald W. McNew
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Tetrasomic Inheritance ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Inheritance Model ◽  
Diallel Crossing ◽  
Scheme Selection

Inheritance of the primocane-fruiting (PF) characteristic was studied in seedling populations of tetraploid (4x) blackberries (Rubus subgenus Rubus). Four selections (A-1836, A-593, A-830, and A-1680) and two cultivars (`Arapaho' and `Shawnee') were used as parents in a full diallel crossing scheme. Selection A-593 was used as the main source for PF due to its origin (`Brazos' × `Hillquist,' the latter an old PF cultivar). All parents except `Shawnee' have A-593 in their parentage; among the parents, only A-1836 fully expresses PF. Selfing of A-1836 resulted in 100% PF offspring, indicating that A-1836 is homozygous for this trait. Selfing of A-593, A-830, and `Arapaho' produced either a 35:1 or a 20.8:1 FF (floricane or summer-fruiting):PF segregation ratio, fitting a tetrasomic inheritance model under either random chromosome assortment (RCSA) or random chromatid assortment (RCTA), respectively, also suggesting that PF is controlled by a single recessive gene and that the parents are duplex (AAaa) for this trait. Selection A-1680 and `Shawnee' selfed did not produce PF progeny, but when crossed with the nulliplex A-1836, gave a 27:1 FF:PF ratio, indicating RCTA and that they are triplex (AAAa) for PF. According to these research, both gametic outputs (RCSA and RCTA) seem to operate in 4x blackberry. The intensity in expression of PF had a negative relationship with time to harvest, with those seedlings showing the highest PF scores producing a crop in early to mid-August. This knowledge will be helpful in implementing breeding strategies to produce PF blackberry cultivars.

The inheritance and chromosomal location of a gene for chocolate chaff in durum wheat

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Konzak ◽  
L. R. Joppa
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Chromosomal Location ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
D Genome ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Aneuploid Chromosome

The durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) cultivar 'Vic' was treated with the chemical mutagen N-methyl-N′-nitrosourea and among the M2 progeny a mutant with "chocolate chaff" (designated cc) was identified. Genetic analyses indicated that chocolate chaff is due to a single recessive gene mutation. The penetrance of the gene for chocolate chaff was environmentally influenced and varied from dark blotches on the glumes to complete coloration of culms as well as spikes. To determine the chromosomal location of the gene, the mutant was crossed with a set of 'Langdon' durum disomic substitution lines in which each of the 14 A- and B-genome chromosomes of durum wheat were replaced by their respective D-genome homoeologues. The segregation of cc was normal in all of the crosses except for those with the 7D(7A) and 7D(7B) lines. Cytogenetic analysis indicated that the gene was located on chromosome 7B, and that chromosome 7D has a gene that prevents the expression of cc when present in one or more copies. It was shown that the 'Langdon' D-genome disomic substitution lines can be used to determine the chromosomal location of genes in tetraploid wheat.Key words: Triticum turgidum, aneuploid, chromosome substitution, monosomic, cytogenetics.

Valuing DNA marker tested bulls for commercial beef production

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Wood ◽  
J. H. J. van der Werf ◽  
P. F. Parnell
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Gene Frequency ◽  
Dna Marker ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Beef Herd ◽  
Thyroglobulin Gene ◽  
Commercial Breeder ◽  
Over Time

This paper quantifies the benefits of using a sire genotyped for a single recessive gene in a commercial beef herd. A modified gene-flow method was used to account for changing allele frequency over time. The benefits to a commercial breeder of using a genotyped sire were highest when initial allele frequency was moderate and when the sire was used in a self-replacing herd that had increased allele frequency over time. An example of the thyroglobulin gene affecting marbling in beef cattle was used. The value to a self-replacing herd of a sire homozygous for the favourable allele of the thyroglobulin gene was shown to be up to $338 more than of an ungenotyped sire, in a population where the initial gene frequency was 0.3 and the genotype accounted for 0.5 standard deviations of phenotypic variation.

Seed coat specific weight in Lupinus angustifolius: influence of genotype and environment and relationship with seed coat proportion

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mera ◽  
R. Jerez ◽  
H. Miranda ◽  
J. L. Rouanet
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Equal Mass ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Selection For

Abstract. The relatively high seed coat proportion of the narrow-leafed lupin reduces its economic value. This character has been shown to be affected by seed weight, and this limits the use of seed coat proportion as a selection criterion. We examined the variation for seed coat specific weight, a potential alternative selection criterion, and tested its relationship with seed coat proportion and seed weight. Seeds were sampled from mainstem pods of 14 winter-sown genotypes of Lupinus angustifolius L. grown at 4 southern Chile sites over 2 years. Seed coat specific weight had an overall mean of 30.1 mg/cm2. Highly significant genotypic effects were found (range 28.9–32.1 mg/cm2). The ranges for sites and years were 29.1–31.1 and 28.9–31.2 mg/cm2, respectively. Genotypes interacted significantly with years, but not with sites. Broad-sense heritability was 0.59, a value that predicts a good response to selection for this character. Seed coat specific weight was weakly correlated (rph = 0.11*) with seed coat proportion, and was not associated with mean seed weight. Seed coat proportion was negatively correlated with mean seed weight (rph = –0.75***) and had high broad-sense heritability (0.95). The correlation between seed coat specific weight and a theoretical seed coat thickness, calculated under the assumptions of equal mass density of seed coat, cotyledons, and embryo, and a spherical-shaped seed, was r = 0.14*. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations between seed coat specific weight and number of seeds per pod were 0.41 and 0.84, respectively. Our results indicate that selection for low seed coat proportion will lead to larger seeded genotypes, but will not reduce seed coat specific weight. Selection for low seed coat proportion after crosses would presumably be effective in reducing seedcoat specific weight if all segregating materials were uniformly large seeded, but that scenario is unrealistic. The evidence presented here suggests that selection for low seed coat specific weight (or measures correlated with it) in segregating populations will be necessary in order to increase the proportion of higher value kernels in seeds and to improve the economic yield of lupins.

Response of Corn (Zea maysL.) Inbreds and Hybrids to Sulfonylurea Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry M. Green ◽  
Jim F. Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Organophosphate Insecticide ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Varietal Response

Extensive field and greenhouse studies were done to characterize varietal response of three recently commercialized sulfonylurea corn herbicides: nicosulfuron, primisulfuron, and thifensulfuron. Most of the 94 varieties tested were highly tolerant to these herbicides. The 37 inbreds represented all major inbred families now used in hybrid seed production as well as several sensitive experimentals. Twenty-one defined hybrids from these inbreds as well as 36 commercially coded hybrids were also tested. Sensitive inbreds produced tolerant hybrids when crossed with tolerant inbreds. Sensitive hybrids occurred when both parents were sensitive. Genetic analysis of sensitive by tolerant crosses showed that sensitivity is controlled by a single recessive gene. Nicosulfuron had the widest corn safety margin and fewest sensitive varieties. Dose response analysis showed varieties can vary more than 40 000-fold in sensitivity. Only corn varieties with the AHAS-modified XA-17 gene showed any change in enzyme sensitivity. This gene overcame sensitivity to sulfonylureas, even when the organophosphate insecticide terbufos was present. Thus, breeders have three options to eliminate sulfonylurea sensitivity: backcross sensitive inbreds with tolerant, always use at least one tolerant hybrid parent, or use the XA-17 gene.

scholarly journals QTL Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis for Pod Shattering Tolerance in Soybean (Glycine max)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1163
Author(s):  
Jeong-Hyun Seo ◽  
Beom-Kyu Kang ◽  
Sanjeev K. Dhungana ◽  
Jae-Hyeon Oh ◽  
Man-Soo Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stages ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Elite Cultivar ◽  
Variance Explained

Pod shattering is an important reproductive process in many wild species. However, pod shattering at the maturing stage can result in severe yield loss. The objectives of this study were to discover quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for pod shattering using two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations derived from an elite cultivar having pod shattering tolerance, namely “Daewonkong”, and to predict novel candidate QTL/genes involved in pod shattering based on their allele patterns. We found several QTLs with more than 10% phenotypic variance explained (PVE) on seven different chromosomes and found a novel candidate QTL on chromosome 16 (qPS-DS16-1) from the allele patterns in the QTL region. Out of the 41 annotated genes in the QTL region, six were found to contain SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism)/indel variations in the coding sequence of the parents compared to the soybean reference genome. Among the six potential candidate genes, Glyma.16g076600, one of the genes with known function, showed a highly differential expression levels between the tolerant and susceptible parents in the growth stages R3 to R6. Further, Glyma.16g076600 is a homolog of AT4G19230 in Arabidopsis, whose function is related to abscisic acid catabolism. The results provide useful information to understand the genetic mechanism of pod shattering and could be used for improving the efficiency of marker-assisted selection for developing varieties of soybeans tolerant to pod shattering.

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