Adding bentonite to sorghum grain-based supplements has no effect on cow milk production

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Ehrlich ◽  
T. M. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Friesian Cows

Summary. Twenty-four Holstein–Friesian cows were used in an experiment comparing milk production from cows offered rolled sorghum grain either alone at 8 or 10 kg/head. day of air-dried grain or with 4% sodium bentonite. The design was a 4 × 4 latin square with a 1 week adjustment period and a 3 week treatment period. This design was used to highlight the effects of high levels of grain feeding and changing that level of grain or grain–bentonite every 4 weeks. Cows grazed either ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum cv. Tetila) or oats (Avena sativa cv. Cluan) during the day and a mixed ration based on maize silage, lucerne hay, and meat and bone meal at night. There was no significant effect of treatments on milk yield or composition. Cows fed bentonite had a higher (P<0.05) rumen pH, tended to eat less grain sorghum and have lower concentrations of rumen ammonia and faecal starch. Faecal crude protein tended to increase with the use of bentonite indicating cows may have substituted pasture or mixed ration for grain and maintained a more stable rumen fermentation.

scholarly journals Effect of Varying Dietary Crude Protein Level on Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility, Milk Production, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency by Lactating Holstein-Friesian Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2439
Author(s):  
Constantine Bakyusa Katongole ◽  
Tianhai Yan
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Friesian Cows

The effect of dietary crude protein (CP) level on intake, digestibility, milk production, and nitrogen (N) use efficiency was studied. Twenty-four Holstein-Friesian cows (17 multiparous and seven primiparous) were grouped by parity, days in milk, milk yield, and live weight into six blocks of four, and randomly assigned to four total mixed ration (TMR) treatments, containing 141, 151, 177, or 210 g CP/kg dry matter (DM), over 28 day experimental periods. Apparent total-tract DM and fiber digestibilities and milk fat composition were similar across treatments. Milk protein and urea-N compositions, and urinary and manure N excretion increased linearly, while milk N efficiency (MNE) decreased linearly with increasing CP. DM intake was highest with the 177 diet, while CP intake increased linearly with increasing CP, peaking at 200 g/kg DM. Milk yield increased with CP intake for the three lower CP levels, peaking at 176 g CP/kg DM. The further increase in CP level from 177 to 210 g/kg DM did not result in improved milk yield, but resulted in decreased milk N secretion and increased urinary N excretion. In summary, milk protein composition increased linearly with increasing CP, accompanied by a linear decrease in MNE, resulting in a bell-shaped relationship between milk yield and dietary CP level.

scholarly journals Comparison of Fatty Acid Composition of Milk from Simmental and Polish Holstein-Friesian Cows in Different Production Seasons

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1211-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Adamska ◽  
Jarosława Rutkowska ◽  
Wiesław Przybylski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Friesian Cows

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acid (FA) profile of Simmental cow milk in relation to lipid intake in feeds and their composition, and to compare it with FA composition of milk from cows of Polish Holstein-Friesian (PHF) breed. To this end, 104 milk samples were collected from Simmental cows and 52 milk samples derived from PHF breed were taken over a 2-year period. The season significantly influenced both contents of lipid, dry matter and crude protein as well as FA content in lipids extracted from forages. Winter and autumn seasons were characterized by a significantly higher intake of lipids with forages resulting from the intake of fresh silages, compared with the other seasons when the animals were fed stored silages. This was reflected in the highest content of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) c-9 t-11 C18:2 in milk from the autumn season. Compared with PHF, milk from Simmentals had a higher content of short-chain saturated FAs (SCSFAs) and was characterized by great differences in FA contents determined in the group of odd- and branched-chain FAs (OBCFAs). Milk from Simmental cows had the butyric acid C4:0 and iso C15:0 content of 4.99 and 1.20 g/100 g FA on average, respectively, which have been associated with benefits for human health.

Overmilking causes deterioration in teat-end condition of dairy cows in late lactation

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Paul Edwards ◽  
Bernadette O'Brien ◽  
Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos ◽  
Jenny G Jago
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Mixed Age ◽  
Friesian Cows

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of varying degrees of overmilking on teat-end hyperkeratosis, milk production variables and indicators of udder health during late lactation. This was examined by assessing the effect of four end-of-milking criteria on 181 spring-calving, mixed-age Holstein-Friesian cows, at an average 217±24 d in milk, over a six-week period. The four treatments were: remove cluster once milk flow rate fell to 0·2 kg/min plus 5 s (Ovr0), plus 120 s (Ovr2), plus 300 s (Ovr5), and plus 540 s (Ovr9). Daily measurements included individual cow milk yield, milking duration, overmilking duration, maximum milk flow rate, milk flow rate at cluster removal and the number of cluster re-attachments. Individual cow bulk milk samples were collected weekly at AM and PM milkings to determine composition (fat, protein and lactose) and somatic cell count (SCC; AM only). Teat-end hyperkeratosis score was assessed at weeks 0, 3, 5 and 6. At week 6 mean teat-end hyperkeratosis score of the Ovr2 treatment was not greater than Ovr0, whilst Ovr5 was greater than Ovr2 and Ovr9 was greater than Ovr5 and Ovr2. Milk production, milking characteristics and SCC were not different between treatments, except milking duration and milk flow rate at cluster removal. However, higher teat-end hyperkeratosis scores may have a longer-term impact on indicators of udder health if teat-end condition reaches severe levels. Results indicate that to minimise changes in teat-end condition overmilking should be limited to 2 min, which has implications for milking management in large parlours not fitted with automatic cluster removers.

Energy balance of lactating cows given diets of grass silage and whole crop wheat

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 45-45
Author(s):  
S.B.Cammell ◽  
J.D.Sutton ◽  
D.J.Humphries ◽  
R.H.Phipps ◽  
D.E.Beever
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

A previous experiment (Sutton, Abdalla, Phipps, Cammell and Humphries, 1995) showed that low digestibility is a major cause of the poor utilisation of urea-treated whole crop wheat (WCW) by lactating cows. The purpose of the present experiment was to examine energy balance in more detail by means of indirect calorimetry.Four multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were offered diets based on spring wheat (cv Axona), harvested on 11 August at 603 g dry matter (DM)/kg and preserved with 20 or 40 g urea/kgDM (WCW-20, WCW-40), and first-cut perennial ryegrass silage (GS). For GS, WCW-20 and WCW-40 respectively, DM was 213, 801 and 712 g/kg; crude protein (CP) 124, 163 and 171 g/kg DM; ammonia-N 3.1, 4.6 and 7.6 g/kg DM; pH 3.9, 6.7 and 7.2. The cows were offered four diets in a 4 X 4 latin square with 4-week periods starting 10 weeks after calving. In week 4 of each period urine and faeces were collected for 6 days and gas exchange was measured for 3 days in respiration chambers.

Responses in milk yield from feeding grain and meat-and-bone meal to cows grazing tropical pastures

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
TM Davison ◽  
D Williams ◽  
WN Orr ◽  
AT Lisle
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Friesian Cows

An experiment was conducted with 36 Holstein-Friesian cows to determine the effect on milk yield and milk composition of feeding maize grain with or without meat-and-bone meal (MBM) at high levels of pasture on offer. Cows were offered ground maize with and without MBM to give supplements of 3.0, 5.5 and 8.0 kg DM/day at 16% or 10% crude protein. Animals grazed nitrogen-fertilised tropical grass and grass-legume pastures. Milk production was recorded over a 300-day lactation. Milk yields over 300 days at 3.0, 5.5 and 8.0 kg DM/day averaged 5435, 5605 and 5882 kg/cow, respectively. For milk yields over both 100 and 300 days, a linear response to grain supplement occurred. This represented 0.22 kg milk/kg DM (P<0.05) for the first 100 days, and 0.30 kg milk/kg DM (P=0.087) over the 300-day lactation. Cows receiving MBM tended to lose less (P=0.068) liveweight in the period 1-100 days and to gain more (P=0.054) between 100 and 300 days than cows without MBM. Milk yields across treatments for cows fed with and without MBM averaged 2143 and 2061 kg/cow (P>0.05) for days 1-100, and 5668 and 5614 kg/cow (P>0.05) for days 1-300 of lactation.

Energy balance of lactating cows given diets of grass silage and whole crop wheat

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 45-45
Author(s):  
S.B.Cammell ◽  
J.D.Sutton ◽  
D.J.Humphries ◽  
R.H.Phipps ◽  
D.E.Beever
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

A previous experiment (Sutton, Abdalla, Phipps, Cammell and Humphries, 1995) showed that low digestibility is a major cause of the poor utilisation of urea-treated whole crop wheat (WCW) by lactating cows. The purpose of the present experiment was to examine energy balance in more detail by means of indirect calorimetry.Four multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were offered diets based on spring wheat (cv Axona), harvested on 11 August at 603 g dry matter (DM)/kg and preserved with 20 or 40 g urea/kgDM (WCW-20, WCW-40), and first-cut perennial ryegrass silage (GS). For GS, WCW-20 and WCW-40 respectively, DM was 213, 801 and 712 g/kg; crude protein (CP) 124, 163 and 171 g/kg DM; ammonia-N 3.1, 4.6 and 7.6 g/kg DM; pH 3.9, 6.7 and 7.2. The cows were offered four diets in a 4 X 4 latin square with 4-week periods starting 10 weeks after calving. In week 4 of each period urine and faeces were collected for 6 days and gas exchange was measured for 3 days in respiration chambers.

Effect of maize silage maturity on digestibility and energy balance of lactating cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 32-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Sutton ◽  
S.B. Cammell ◽  
D.E. Beever ◽  
R.H. Phipps ◽  
D.J. Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Production Response ◽  
Friesian Cows

Increasing maturity at harvest of maize silage has been shown to affect feed intake and milk production in Holstein-Friesian cows (Phipps et al., 1998). The purpose of the present experiment was to determine whether the milk production response was related to improvements in the efficiency of feed energy utilisation.Four multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows (mean live weight 620 kg) fitted with permanent cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were given diets based on maize silage and grass silage (3:1 DM ratio) offered ad libitum plus 8.7 kg DM/day of a concentrate (254 g crude protein (CP)/kg DM) starting 5-10 weeks post-calving. The maize silage was harvested at four different stages of maturity as defined by DM content and ensiled without additives. The grass silage was a first-cut perennial ryegrass (260 g DM/kg, 519 g neutral detergent fibre (NDF)/kg DM, 146 g CP/kg DM).

EFFECTS OF LOW FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURES ON FARM ANIMALS.: III. INFLUENCE OF AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE ON FEED INTAKE OF LACTATING HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN COWS

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. MacDonald ◽  
J. M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Ambient Air Temperature ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Cent Level ◽  
Friesian Cows

This report presents effects of low temperatures on the feed consumption and efficiency of milk production of six mature, lactating, Holstein-Friesian cows that were confined in stanchions for three fortnightly experimental periods during which ambient temperatures measured in degree-hours per day (d-h/day) ranged from 110 to 1152 and daily minimum ambient air temperature (DMAAT) varied from 0° to 38°F. Applying results obtained, it was calculated that as temperatures decreased, i.e., d-h/day increased from 100 to 1200 and DMAAT decreased from 40° to 0°F, average daily intakes of total dry matter, hay, and gross and digestible Calories increased approximately 6.4 lb., 5.3 lb., 13 Therms and 9 Therms, respectively. Each of these increases was statistically significant at the 1 per cent level. Reductions in temperature also decreased gross and net caloric efficiencies of milk production approximately 10 and 8.5 per cent, respectively. These decreases were significant at the 2 per cent level. No correlation was evident between crude protein utilization and temperature.Results indicated that thermal stress was not overcome adequately by supplementary hay intake alone and that appetite stimulation by low temperatures had a carry-over effect continuing at least 24 hours. For continued efficient milk production during winters where low ambient temperatures are prevalent these results suggest it is necessary to provide some form of building insulation, ambient heat and/or provide a high energy supplement to otherwise adequate production rations.

Effect of offering three amounts of maize stover to dairy cows on intake and selection

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 85-85
Author(s):  
J. N. Methu ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
A. Abate ◽  
M. Scarr ◽  
J. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Friesian Cows

Several studies with barley straw (e.g. Wahed et al, 1990) and sorghum stover (e.g. Osafo, 1993) have shown improvements in intake with increasing ‘ad libitum’ amounts offered. Furthermore, these studies have demonstrated that sheep and goats offered barley straw or sorghum stover in long, unprocessed form, increase intake by selecting for leaf and leaf sheath, and against stem. This phenomenon offers a simple feeding strategy to use selective feeding behaviour to improve intake and hence production. The aim of the present experiment was to study the effect of offering increasing amounts of long maize stover on intake and selection by dairy cows.Six, early- to mid-lactation Ayrshire and Friesian cows (live weight, M, 430 kg) were used in a double 3x3 Latin square design with 24-day (d) feeding periods. Cows were offered long (unchopped) maize stover at low, medium or high ‘ad libitum’ rates, i.e. 31, 59 or 87 g dry matter (DM)/kg M.d. Cows also received 3.2 kg DM/d of cotton seed cake (339 g/kg DM crude protein) in two meals at milking (0700 h and 1800 h). Stover was offered in one meal daily, at 0700 h, after collecting refusals from the previous day. Amounts of stover offered and refused were weighed daily. Samples of offered stover (0.5 kg) and refused stover (0.5 kg) were analysed for DM daily. All refused stover and 4.0 kg samples of offered stover were botanically fractionated, daily, into stem (S), leaf (L), sheath (Sh) and husk (H). Milk yield was recorded daily and cows weighed at the start and end of each period.

The Effect of Level of Supplement Feeding and Source of Protein on Milk Production and Nutrient Flows of Dairy Cows

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 142-142
Author(s):  
F.P. O'Mara ◽  
J.J. Murphy ◽  
M. Rath
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Flows ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Bacterial Marker ◽  
Friesian Cows

Milk protein synthesis may be limited by amino acid (AA) flow to the duodenum. This can be increased by increasing the flow of microbial AA's or undegraded feed AA's. This experiment was carried out to determine the effect on milk production and nutrient flows at the duodenum of including fishmeal (120g/kg) in the supplement to grass silage at two levels of supplement feeding.The treatments, arranged in a 2x2 factorial, were 1.) 3.5 kg/day of 0% fishmeal supplement (L-UDP), 2.) 7 kg/day of L-UDP, 3.) 3.5 kg/day of 12% fishmeal supplement (H-UDP), and 4.) 7 kg/day of H-UDP. Supplements were fed to 3 6 Friesian cows in a 4x4 multiple Latin-square trial with three week periods to determine production responses, and to four ruminally and duodenally cannulated cows to determine rumen fermentation and nutrient flows. Flows were determined by the dual marker technique of Faichney (1975) using cobalt-EDTA and ytterbium acetate as liquid and solid phase markers respectively. Purines were used as the bacterial marker (Zinn and Owens, 1986). Degradability of the feeds was measured in 3 other cows using the small bag technique described by De Boer et al. (1987).

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