Physiological mechanism of low purine derivative excretion in urine of buffaloes compared with Bos taurus cattle

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vo Thi Kim Thanh ◽  
E. R. Orskov ◽  
P. Susmel
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Rumen Development ◽  
Glomerular Filtrate ◽  
Milk Feeding

Three cattle calves (Bos taurus) and three buffalo calves (Bos bubalus) were weaned after receiving colostrum and then reared on bottle-fed milk. During the first month the animals did not have access to solid food. Urinary purine derivative concentration (PD), basal PD excretion and glomerular filtrate rate (GFR) were determined during fasting and feeding. After 1 month the animals were given access to solid feed (urea-treated rice straw 80% and molasses 20%) to stimulate rumen development. At 3 months of age, while the solid food was given, urinary PD, basal PD excretion and GFR were again determined. Urinary PD excretion both during fasting and milk feeding did not differ significantly between buffaloes and cattle during the milk-feeding period (P > 0.05), but there were highly significant (P < 0.01) differences between cattle and buffaloes after 3 months of age and 2 months of access to solid feed (P < 0.01). The GFR was lower in buffaloes than cattle in both the milk-fed and solid-feed periods (P < 0.05). It is suggested that the differences between buffaloes and cattle are due to differences in GFR as PD will stay longer in the blood and thus provide a greater possibility for recycling to the rumen. This, however, needs further confirmation. Whether permeability of PD from blood to rumen is an additional factor is not known.

Causes of differences in urinary excretion of purine derivatives in buffaloes and cattle

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vo Thi Kim Thanh ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rumen Development ◽  
Swamp Buffalo ◽  
The Difference

AbstractIn experiment 1, three male calves of Vietnamese cattle and three maleVietnamese swamp buffalo calves were weaned after receiving colostrum and reared by bottle feeding of milk. During the 1st month the animal did not have access to solid food. Urine was collected to determine differences in endogenous excretion of purine between the two types of animal. After that they were given access to equal amount of solid food for 2 months to stimulate rumen development, urine was again collected to determine the differences in purine excretion. In experiment 2, the same animals were given milk mixed with purines in three treatments (0, 1·7 and 3·4 g/day). The same animals were used in experiment 3 for intravenous allantoin infusion, to test the effect of purines themselves introduced into the plasma.The results showed that in period 1 of experiment 1 there was no significant difference in purine excretion between the two types of animal. The excretion being 0·65 mmol/kg M 0·75 for cattle and 0·69 mmol/kg M 0·75for buffaloes calves, respectively. For period 2, after rumen development there were significant differences between two types of animal. The excretion from buffaloes (0·26 mmol/kg M0·75) being less than half that of cattle (0·69 mmol/kg M 0·75).In experiment 2 the regression of purine excretion mmol/day (y) was y=0·6279x+9·1496 for cattle calves and y=0·2618x+5·8594 for buffalo calves where x was the purine given.In experiment 3, from each mmol of allantoin infusion, the recovery was about 0·70 in cattle but only half (0·32) in buffaloes ( P<0·01).It is clearly shown that the difference in purine derivative excretion occur only after rumen development It is suggested that glomerular filtration rate may be lower in buffaloes than cattle leaving more time in the blood thus more time for recycling to the rumen and metabolized by bacteria or the permeability from the blood to the rumen is greater in buffaloes than cattle.

A comparison of the growth of Brahman and F1 Senepol × Brahman steers in an Indonesian feedlot

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 2096 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Schatz
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Brahman Steers ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Live Export

This study compares the performance of F1 Senepol × Brahman steers (F1 SEN) to Brahman (BRAH) steers in an Indonesian feedlot. The focus was to address concerns that crossbred cattle are discriminated against by live export cattle buyers due to a perception that they do not perform as well as Brahmans in Indonesian feedlots. F1 SEN (n = 54) and BRAH (n = 32) steers that had grazed together since weaning at Douglas Daly Research Farm (Northern Territory) were exported to Indonesia and fed for 121 days in a feedlot near Lampung (Sumatra, Indonesia). The average daily gain of the F1 SEN steers over the feeding period was 0.17 kg/day higher (P < 0.001) than the BRAH steers (1.71 vs 1.54 kg/day). As a result the F1 SEN put on an average of 21.6 kg more over the 121-day feeding period and they did not have a higher mortality rate. Consequently, F1 SEN steers performed better than BRAH in an Indonesian feedlot and these results should encourage live export cattle buyers to purchase this type of cattle (Brahman crossed with a tropically adapted Bos taurus breed) with confidence that they can perform at least as well as Brahmans in Indonesian feedlots, although it should be noted that growth rates are usually higher in F1 crosses than in subsequent generations.

RAISING DAIRY CALVES WITHOUT WHOLE MILK

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
Milk Feeding

The results of feeding experiments, involving a total of 117 Holstein-Friesian calves, were reported. No whole milk nor fresh skimmilk was fed to the calves after their second day of age. Milk substitutes containing 40 to 50 per cent dried skimmilk, 5 to 10 per cent emulsified, stabilized lard and at least 30 p.p.m. of Aureomycin (chlortetracycline) or Terramycin (oxytetracycline) in the dry matter permitted weight gains equal to, or exceeding, the Beltsville standards during the milk feeding period. Supplementary lecithin had no effect on performance of the calves. Weaning calves from milk substitutes at weights of 145 to 150 lb. was considered preferable to weaning at specified ages because of apparent differences in physiological development that exist among calves for the first few months of life.

Development of gastric somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in response to corticosterone acetate and dietary changes in young rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyasu Okahata ◽  
Yoshikazu Nishi ◽  
Kotaro Muraki ◽  
Koji Sumii ◽  
Yukitaka Miyachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Adult Level ◽  
Milk Feeding ◽  
Somatostatin 14

Abstract. The effects of dietary changes from breast milk to solid food and corticosterone acetate administration on somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) in the gastric antrum and corpus were studied in young and adult rats. At 7 days of age, a single dose of corticosterone acetate (250 mg/kg of body weight) was injected in one group of rats, and a single dose of physiological saline was injected in another group. Each group was divided into two subgroups; one was fed only rat breast milk until 25 days of age and the other weaned (solid food alone) at 21 days of age. Gastric antrums and corpora were removed at various ages for assay of SLI concentrations by radioimmunoassay. In non-corticosterone treated rats, antral and corpus SLI increased gradually until 20 days of age, and after changing from breast milk to solid food on day 21 antral SLI increased 2-fold to the adult level, whereas corpus SLI remained constant. In corticosterone-treated rats, antral and corpus SLI on day 11 was 5-fold that on day 7, and thereafter remained constant before changing from breast milk to solid food; after weaning (solid food alone) antral SLI increased again to reach the adult level at 25 days of age whereas corpus SLI remained constant after weaning. Prolonged breast milk feeding alone did not influence antral or corpus SLI levels in either corticosterone-treated or non-treated rats as compared to levels on day 20. Gel filtration of antral and corpus SLI from 15 day old corticosterone-treated and non-treated, and 25 day old weaned (solid food alone) and unweaned (breast milk alone) rats showed almost the same results: only one peak coeluted with synthetic somatostatin-14. The resuits suggest that weaning (solid food alone) and corticosterone administration affect the antral and corpus SLI.

scholarly journals Suitability of n-alkanes and chromium (III) oxide as digestibility markers in calves at the end of the milk feeding period supplemented with a prebiotic

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Schäfers ◽  
Michael Bulang ◽  
Ulrich Meyer ◽  
Anne Lindwedel ◽  
Liane Hüther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Period ◽  
Milk Feeding

scholarly journals Effect of the Rearing System on the Establishment of Different Functional Groups of Microorganism in the Rumen of Kid Goats / Uticaj Sistema Uzgoja Na Uspostavljanje Različitih Funkcionalnih Grupa Mikroorganizama U Buragu Jaradi

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastián Paez Lama ◽  
Diego Grilli ◽  
Vanina Egea ◽  
María Cerón Cucchi ◽  
Mercedes Fucili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Rumen Development ◽  
Ground Corn

Abstract This study was aimed to determine the effect of the rearing system on the establishment and development of different functional groups of microorganisms in the rumen of kid goats. Fifty kids were fed on goat milk until weaning at 45 (TR, traditional rearing system, n = 25) and 30 days of age (alternative rearing system, AR, n = 25). In addition, only AR group was offered with rumen starter from birth. Both groups consumed alfalfa hay and ground corn between 30 and 90 days of age. Five kids from each group were slaughtered at 21, 30, 45, 70 and 90 days old. It was determined the total number of protozoa, anaerobic, amylolytic and cellulolytic bacteria present in the rumen. Kids of AR were lighter in weight than TR kids between 42 and 56 days old. In both rearing systems, anaerobic and amylolytic bacteria were found at 21 days of age, while cellulolytic and protozoa were not found until 45 days of age. Kids of AR had higher quantities of anaerobic and amylolytic bacteria until 30 and 45 days of age, respectively. These results demonstrate the rearing system does not affect the sequence and time in which the functional groups of microorganisms are established in the rumen. However, the alternative rearing system with early intake of solid food allowed the establishment of greater amount of bacteria and protozoa. Nevertheless, the effect of weaning on growth rate was more marked in kids from alternative rearing system, despite its greater microbiological rumen development.

scholarly journals Effect of weaning age and milk feeding volume on growth performance of Nili-Ravi buffalo calves

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waseem Abbas ◽  
Shaukat A. Bhatti ◽  
Muhammad S. Khan ◽  
Nawaz Saeed ◽  
Hassan M. Warriach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Milk Feeding

scholarly journals A Comparison of Rice Straw and Whole-Crop Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Silage Supplements on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) Steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7725
Author(s):  
Seung Hak Yang ◽  
Won Ho Kim ◽  
Suk-Nam Kang ◽  
Ki Choon Choi ◽  
Dahye Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

This study aimed to analyze the effects of whole-crop barley silage (WCBS) and a high-concentrate diet combination to replace a rice straw/concentrate on growth performance, and meat quality of Hanwoo steers (HS). Twenty-four animals were allocated to two groups with a rice straw/concentrate control treatment (CON) and a WCBS/concentrate treatment group. The concentrate was offered to all animals based on live weight after a feeding trial of grass-based diets. Feed intake of WCBS was lower than the CON (p < 0.01) and intake of concentrate was lower in the WCBS group than the CON in all experimental phases (p < 0.01). WCBS increased backfat thickness (BFT) and slaughter weight (p > 0.05). The marbling score was slightly higher in the WCBS group (p > 0.05). WCBS-fed beef had higher crude fat, lower crude protein, and moisture contents. WCBS feeding increased the levels of alpha-linolenic acid (p < 0.01) and decreased arachidonic acid in meat (p < 0.02). Hanwoo steers fed WCBS/concentrate improved feed intake, carcass traits, meat price, palatability, and FA content compared to those fed rice straw/concentrate, suggesting that WCBS is a potential source for improving the growth performance and meat quality in Hanwoo steers with significant economic efficiency.

scholarly journals Signs of hunger in dairy calves indicate suboptimal periods in two weaning methods.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Patt ◽  
Lorenz Gygax ◽  
Edna Hillmann ◽  
Nina M. Keil
Keyword(s):  
Solid Food ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Rumen Development ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Individual Capacity

Abstract In order to promote rumen development by stimulating concentrate intake, dairy calves are usually fed low amounts of milk, however this may result in prolonged hunger. Furthermore, calves are often weaned off milk without considering individual capacity to feed on solid food. We investigated the effects of two feeding regimes differing in milk allowance and in how milk was reduced on signs of hunger and concentrate intake. After birth, 17 calves were housed individually for two weeks. Then, calves were moved to a group pen and nine calves were assigned to the weaning method "individual weaning" (restricted milk amount before gradual weaning, gradual weaning off milk dependent on concentrate intake), the other eight calves to "ad libitum" (high amount of milk before gradual weaning, gradual weaning off milk on a fixed schedule). Average weaning age did not differ between treatments but varied greatly between individual calves. Before gradual weaning, individually weaned calves engaged in more unrewarded visits to the milk feeder than ad libitum calves. During gradual weaning, the number of unrewarded visits of individually weaned calves decreased, while it increased in ad libitum calves. During unrewarded visits, the number of contacts with the teat increased during gradual weaning in both weaning treatments. Whereas the increase was only marginal in individually weaned calves, it was considerable in ad libitum calves. Concentrate consumption increased in both groups from before to during gradual weaning. However, both before and during gradual weaning, individually weaned calves consumed a higher proportion of their daily concentrate allowance. On average, individually weaned calves consumed less milk and more concentrate over the course of the weaning process. The findings regarding unrewarded visits to the feeder, however, indicate that calves in both treatments showed signs of prolonged hunger before and/or during gradual weaning and stress the importance of further improving weaning treatments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document