Influence of wheat hardness and xylanase supplementation on the performance, energy utilisation, digestive tract development and digesta parameters of broiler starters

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Amerah ◽  
V. Ravindran ◽  
R. G. Lentle
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Soft Or ◽  
Hard Wheat ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Ground Wheat

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of wheat hardness and xylanase supplementation on the performance, energy utilisation, digestive tract development and digesta parameters of broilers fed wheat-based diets. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating wheat hardness (soft or hard) with or without xylanase supplementation. Two diets based on soft or hard wheat were formulated. Whole wheat (200 g/kg) from the same wheat batch replaced ground wheat before cold-pelleting of each diet. Each diet was fed ad libitum to six pens of eight male broilers each from day 1 to 21 posthatch. The distribution of particle size differed between diets, with the hard wheat diet having 32.7% of particles greater than 1 mm in size compared with 18.7% in the soft wheat diet. Interactions (P < 0.05) were observed between wheat hardness and enzyme supplementation for weight gain, feed intake, feed per gain and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn). Enzyme supplementation increased (P < 0.05) weight gain in the soft wheat-based diet but not in the hard wheat diet. Enzyme supplementation also increased (P < 0.05) feed intake in the soft wheat-based diet, but reduced (P < 0.05) intake in the hard wheat diet. Feed per gain and AMEn were improved (P < 0.05) by enzyme supplementation in the hard wheat-based diet, while no enzyme effect was observed in the soft wheat diet. Feeding the hard wheat-based diet increased (P < 0.05) the relative gizzard weight, and this was associated with a general increase in finer particles in the proximal intestinal digesta when compared with those present in the diet. These results suggest that the response of broilers to xylanase supplementation is influenced by wheat hardness and that wheat hardness may be an important criterion to consider when choosing for whole wheat inclusion in broiler diets.

Influence of method of wheat inclusion and pellet diameter on performance, nutrient utilisation, digestive tract measurements and carcass characteristics of broilers

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Singh ◽  
V. Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Pellet Diameter ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
Ground Wheat

The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of method of wheat inclusion and pellet diameter on performance, nutrient utilisation, digestive tract development and carcass characteristics of broilers. The experimental design was a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, which included three diet forms, namely ground wheat (GW) and 200 g/kg whole wheat (WW) replacing GW before or after pelleting, and two pellet diameters (3.0 and 4.76 mm). Experimental diets were offered ad libitum from Day 11 to Day 35 post-hatch. Pellet durability index was higher (P < 0.05) in GW diets and deteriorated (P < 0.05) with pre-pelleting inclusion of WW when the larger die was used. Larger pellet diameter increased (P < 0.05) the weight gain and lowered (P < 0.05) feed per gain of birds fed diets with GW and post-pellet inclusion of WW. However, in birds fed diets with pre-pelleting inclusion of WW, the larger pellet diameter lowered (P < 0.05) feed intake and weight gain, and increased (P < 0.05) feed per gain. Relative gizzard weight was increased (P < 0.05) by larger pellet diameter with pre-pelleting inclusion of WW, but was unaffected (P > 0.05) in diets containing GW or post-pellet inclusion of WW. Irrespective of the method of WW inclusion, larger pellet diameter increased (P < 0.05) the apparent metabolisable energy and ileal starch digestibility. Larger pellet diameter was associated with reductions (P < 0.05) in the relative length and weight of all components of the digestive tract in GW-fed birds, but had no effect (P > 0.05) on these parameters in birds fed WW diets. Larger pellet diameter increased (P < 0.05) carcass yield in the GW group, reduced (P < 0.05) in the pre-pelleting WW group and had no effect in the post-pelleting WW group. Overall, these results showed that the effect of pellet diameter on broiler performance varied depending on the form of wheat and method of WW inclusion. Adverse effects on weight gain in the pre-pelleting WW group were due primarily to reduced feed intake resulting from poor pellet quality.

Influence of particle size and microbial phytase supplementation on the performance, nutrient utilisation and digestive tract parameters of broiler starters

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 704 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Amerah ◽  
V. Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Coarse Particle ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
Microbial Phytase

The aim of the present experiment was to examine the interaction between particle size and microbial phytase supplementation on the performance, nutrient utilisation and digestive tract development of broiler starters fed maize-based diets. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating two maize particle sizes (medium and coarse) and two levels of phytase supplementation (without or with 500 phytase units/kg diet). The two particle sizes were achieved by grinding the whole maize in a hammer mill to pass through 3- and 7-mm screens, respectively. Broiler starter diets, based on maize and soybean meal, were formulated to meet recommended requirements for major nutrients, except phosphorus. Each of the four diets was fed ad libitum to six pens of eight male broilers each, from day 1 to day 21 post-hatching. Phytase supplementation increased (P < 0.001) the feed intake and weight gain, and lowered (P < 0.05) feed per gain in both medium and coarse particle size diets. Coarse grinding improved (P < 0.05) weight gain, but had no effect (P > 0.05) on feed intake and feed per gain. No interactions (P > 0.05) between phytase supplementation and particle size were observed for any of the performance parameters. Phytase supplementation increased (P < 0.001) ileal phosphorus digestibility and toe ash content of birds fed the medium particle size diet, but had no effect in those fed the coarse particle size diet. Apparent metabolisable energy and ileal digestibility of calcium and nitrogen were not influenced by particle size or phytase supplementation. The present findings suggest that the effectiveness of supplemental phytase on broiler performance is not influenced by the particle size of maize.

EFFECT OF PROCESSING AND ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION OF CASSAVA ROOT MEAL ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
J. U. OGBONNA ◽  
K. J. McCRACKEN ◽  
J. LILLEY ◽  
A. McALLISTER
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Cassava Root Meal ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

The effects of processing by mashing, cold-pelleting, bent- pelleting and extrusion, and enzyme applicatentation of diets containing 0200 and 400g cassava root meal (CRM)/kg on the performance of broiler chicks were studied. During the first week, DM intake was higher (P<0.05) for the chicks on Diet 1 and the absence of CRM while feeding mash as against pellets reduced feed intake from 7- 28d (P<0.05), weight gain (P<0.001) and feed to gain ratio (P<0.001). Heat -pelleted and extruded diets did not result in significantly, higher intakes (P>0.05) and weight gains compared with the cold-pellet diets. Supplementation with Enzyme premix improved feed to pain ratio (P<0.05) during the resistant starch at first week but had no effect over the 3 week period of the study. Ideal viscosity tests showed In Europe, dietary CRM inclusion had a significant effect (P<0.001) on the intestinal viscosity.

Effects of time of initiation of feeding after hatching and diet composition on performance, carcass characteristics, digestive tract development and immune responses of broilers

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sima Sarlak ◽  
Sayed Ali Tabeidian ◽  
Abasali Gheisari
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Antibody Titres

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of time of initiation of feeding after hatching and influence of diet composition on growth performance, carcass characteristics, digestive tract development and immune responses of broilers. A total of straight-run 420 Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to six treatments with five replicates of 14 chicks each. The dietary treatments consisted of feeding a maize-soybean meal diet immediately posthatching until 14 days of age (Control), fasting for 24 or 48 h posthatching, feeding maize for 24–48 h posthatching, and feeding a maize gluten-dextrose pre-starter diet for 5 days posthatching. The study lasted from 0 to 42 days of age. For the entire 42-day period, chicks fasted or fed maize for 48 h posthatching or those fed the maize gluten-dextrose diet for 5 days posthatching had lower (P &lt; 0.05) feed intake and lower (P &lt; 0.05) weight gain compared with the Control. However, birds fasted or those fed maize for 24 or 48 h posthatching had similar (P &gt; 0.05) feed intake and weight gain as the Control. The duodenal villus height and villus height:crypt depth ratio were lower (P &lt; 0.05) and the duodenal crypt depth was higher (P &lt; 0.05) in birds fasted for 48 h posthatching compared with the Control. Conversely, birds fasted for 48 h posthatching had higher (P &lt; 0.05) jejunal villus height and villus height:crypt depth ratio and lower (P &lt; 0.05) jejunal crypt depth compared with the Control. The antibody titres against Newcastle disease was lower (P &lt; 0.05) for the groups other than the Control, whereas the antibody titres against Avian Influenza virus was lower (P &lt; 0.05) in birds fasted for 48 h posthatching and in those fed maize for 48 h posthatching compared with the Control. Also, birds fed maize for 24 h posthatching had lower (P &lt; 0.05) antibody titres against sheep red blood cells compared with the other treatments. These results indicated that feeding a maize-soybean meal starter diet immediately after hatch has a beneficial effect on growth performance and immune response of broilers and improves morphological development of the intestine.

scholarly journals DETERMIN ATION OF THE APPARENT AND TRUE METABOLISABLE ENERGY VALUE OF THEVETIA OIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
O. A. ADEYEMI ◽  
O. J. ATTEH ◽  
S. A. IBIYEMI
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

An experiment was designed to evaluate the metabolisable energy value of solvent extracted thevetia oil for the chicken. Apart from the metabolisable energy value, the productive performance and nutrient retention was also examined. Day-old broiler chicks were fed diets with 0.0, 2.5, 5.0 or 10.0% thevetia oil over a 2-week period. There was no significant difference (P<0.05) of the treatments on feed intake, weight gain, feed efficiency or mortality rate. The apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and the true metabolisable energy (TME) values of thevetia oil were determined to be 7846 and 8016 Kcal/Kg respectively.  

scholarly journals Evaluation of maize–sorghum mixture based diets supplemented with exogenous enzyme on growth response, haematology and serum biochemical indices of starter broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
A. S. Gidado ◽  
M. A. Oguntoye ◽  
A. R. Akintunde
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Poultry diets are largely composed of plant based materials that hold non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). The inclusion of NSP rich ingredients often reduces feed cost, but hampers a proper digestion due to anti-nutritional factors (ANF). Against this background, potency of exogenous enzymes was evaluated to upgrade dietary energy and total protein. A total of 180 broiler chickens were used in 28 days feeding trial. Six experimental diets were formulated in which maize based diet served as control (T1). Maize in the control diet was replaced by sorghum at the levels of 20% (T2), 40% (T3), 60% (T4), 80% (T5), and 100% (T6), respectively. Besides the control diet every other dietary groups were supplemented with enzyme at the rate of 50g/100kg. The broiler chicks were weighed and allotted to six dietary treatments of 30 birds each. The groups were replicated three times with 10 birds per replicate. The parameters determined for growth performance include: Final weight (g), Weight gain (g/bird), Daily weight gain (g/bird), Feed intake (g/bird), Daily feed intake (g/bird) and Feed conversion ratio (FCR). The result showed significant (p<0.05) effect on total feed intake and daily feed intake. Final weight, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not significantly (p>0.05) influenced by dietary treatments. Birds fed 60% (T4), 80% (T5) and 100% sorghum (T6) with enzyme supplementation showed higher similar statistical values 1365.00g, 1373.33g and 1373.66g, respectively for total feed intake. Haematological parameters were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by dietary treatments. Maize-sorghum based diet with enzyme supplementation had significant (p<0.05) effect on total protein, albumin and uric acid. Birds fed diets with 80% (T5) and 100% T6 sorghum levels with enzyme supplementation showed higher (p<0.05) statistical values 4.10 and 3.66 g/dl for total protein. Inclusion of sorghum up to 100% replacement level for maize with enzyme supplementation could be fed to starter broiler chicks for improved growth performance without adverse effect.

scholarly journals Effect of supplementation of cassava peel meal based diet with enzyme Maxigrain® on performance, apparent nutrient digestibility and economic indices of broiler finishers

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Aguihe ◽  
A. S. Kehinde ◽  
T. O. Babatunde ◽  
E. A. Iyayi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Economic Indices ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Cassava Peel

A four-week experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of Maxigrain® enzyme supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility and economic indices of broiler finishers fed soaked and sun-dried cassava peel meal (CPM) based diet. CPM was included in the diets replacing maize at 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% respectively on a weight for weight basis. Diets with 25%, 50% and 75% CPM were supplemented with Maxigrain® at 100mg/kg. Two hundred (200) Anak, day old broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD) with five replicates containing ten birds each after balancing for live weight. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum throughout the 4 weeks period of the experiment. Data on the body weight and feed intake were collected on a weekly basis and that of weight gain and feed conversion ratio(FCR) were calculated fortnightly while data on apparent nutrient digestibility was collected towards the end of the experiments in a metabolic trial. Data on feed costanalysis were calculated using the prevailing current market price of feed ingredients. The result shows that average weight gain and feed intake were significantly affected (P<0.05) by dietary treatments. Birds on 50% CPM enzyme diet had a significant (P<0.05) higher weight gain and feed intake followed by those on 75% CPM diet as compared to control group. Enzyme supplementation of the CPM diets produced a slight improvement in feed conversion ratio than the control diet. Feed cost/kg weight gain significantly (P<0.05) decreased with increasing levels of enzyme supplemented CPM. Profit margin generated were higher (P<0.05) in bird fed enzyme treated CPM diet group. Apparent nutrient digestibility of the birds revealed a significant (P<0.05) variation in all parameters with the exception of dry matter. Digestibility values of the birds were observed to increase as the inclusion level of enzyme supplemented CPM increased across the diet. Therefore, it is concluded that enzyme supplemented CPM could replace 75% of maize in broiler finisher diet without any deleterious effect however, supplementing CPM with enzyme Maxigrain® at 50% replacement level for maize resulted in a more profitable performance as well as improved nutrient digestibility and is hereby recommended for poultry farmers.

scholarly journals Using different levels of energy and protein and their effects on bodyweight and blood chemistry of ostriches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Nikravesh-Masouleh ◽  
Alireza Seidavi ◽  
Magdalena Solka ◽  
Mohammad Dadashbeiki
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Protein Levels

AbstractTo determine the effect of different dietary energy and protein levels on bodyweight and blood chemistry, 36 ostriches at 2 to 9 weeks of age for feeding conditions and 18 for blood chemistry parameters was used. The birds were divided into six treatment groups. Energy and protein levels of diet were 2400 and 2600 kcal/kg and 20%, 22%, and 24%, respectively. The feed intake and bodyweight gain were determined a weekly. Blood chemical parameters including glucose, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate amino-transferase and alanine amino-transferase activity were determined. The highest weight gain during the whole experiment was observed in ostriches offered 2400 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 20% protein. The lowest level of total cholesterol and protein was observed in treatment V (2600 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 22% protein). The lowest level of glucose and triglycerides was noted after treatment I. The highest albumin and globulin concentrations were in treatment III (2400 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 24% protein) and treatment II (2400 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 22% protein), respectively. The energy level had no effect (P < 0.05) on feed intake and weight gain in all experimental period. The results of this study showed that with increasing energy and protein levels, most blood parameters increased in ostriches but total cholesterol did not.

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