scholarly journals Nutrient uptake in tropical turfgrasses growing in winter in southern Queensland

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Menzel ◽  
P. Broomhall
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Stenotaphrum Secundatum ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides

The effects of fertilisers on 8 tropical turfgrasses growing in 100-L bags of sand were studied over winter in Murrumba Downs, just north of Brisbane in southern Queensland (latitude 27.4°S, longitude 153.1°E). The species used were: Axonopus compressus (broad-leaf carpetgrass), Cynodon dactylon (bermudagrass ‘Winter Green’) and C. dactylon × C. transvaalensis hybrid (‘Tifgreen’), Digitaria didactyla (Queensland blue couch), Paspalum notatum (bahiagrass ‘38824’), Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalograss ‘Palmetto’), Eremochloa ophiuroides (centipedegrass ‘Centec’) and Zoysia japonica (zoysiagrass ‘ZT-11’). Control plots were fertilised with complete fertilisers every month from May to September (72 kg N/ha, 31 kg P/ha, 84 kg K/ha, 48 kg S/ha, 30 kg Ca/ha and 7.2 kg Mg/ha), and unfertilised plots received no fertiliser. Carpetgrass and standard bermudagrass were the most sensitive species to nutrient supply, with lower shoot dry weights in the unfertilised plots (shoots mowed to thatch level) compared with the fertilised plots in June. There were lower shoot dry weights in the unfertilised plots in July for all species, except for buffalograss, centipedegrass and zoysiagrass, and lower shoot dry weights in the unfertilised plots in August for all species, except for centipedegrass. At the end of the experiment in September, unfertilised plots were 11% of the shoot dry weights of fertilised plots, with all species affected. Mean shoot nitrogen concentrations fell from 3.2 to 1.7% in the unfertilised plots from May to August, below the sufficiency range for turfgrasses (2.8–3.5%). There were also declines in P (0.45–0.36%), K (2.4–1.5%), S (0.35–0.25%), Mg (0.24–0.18%) and B (9–6 mg/kg), which were all in the sufficiency range. The shoots in the control plots took up the following levels (kg/ha.month) of nutrients: N, 10.0–27.0; P, 1.6–4.0; K, 8.2–19.8; S, 1.0–4.2; Ca, 1.1–3.3; and Mg, 0.8–2.2, compared with applications (kg/ha.month) of: N, 72; P, 31; K, 84; S, 48; Ca, 30; and Mg, 7.2, indicating a recovery of 14–38% for N, 5–13% for P, 10–24% for K, 2–9% for S, 4–11% for Ca and 11–30% for Mg. These results suggest that buffalograss, centipedegrass and zoysiagrass are less sensitive to low nutrient supply than carpetgrass, bermudagrass, blue couch and bahiagrass. Data on nutrient uptake showed that the less sensitive species required only half or less of the nitrogen required to maintain the growth of the other grasses, indicating potential savings for turf managers in fertiliser costs and the environment in terms of nutrients entering waterways.

scholarly journals Comparing Seeded Organicfiber Mat with Direct Soil Seeding for Warm-season Turfgrass Establishment

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. Hensler ◽  
B.S. Baldwin ◽  
J.M. Goatley
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Stenotaphrum Secundatum ◽  
Weed Population ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Turfgrass Establishment ◽  
Viable Method

A bioorganic fiber seeding mat was compared to traditional seeding into a prepared soil to ascertain any advantages or disadvantages in turfgrass establishment between the planting methods. Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), carpetgrass (Axonopus affinis), centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides), st. augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum), and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) were seeded at recommended levels in May 1995 and July 1996. The seeding methods were evaluated under both irrigated and nonirrigated conditions. Plots were periodically rated for percent turf coverage; weed counts were taken about 4 weeks after study initiation. Percent coverage ratings for all grasses tended to be higher for direct-seeded plots under irrigated conditions in both years. Bermudagrass and bahiagrass established rapidly for both planting methods under either irrigated or nonirrigated conditions. Only carpetgrass and zoysiagrass tended to have greater coverage ratings in nonirrigated, mat-seeded plots in both years, although the percent plot coverage ratings never reached the minimum desired level of 80%. In both years, weed counts in mat-seeded plots were lower than in direct-seeded plots. A bioorganic fiber seeding mat is a viable method of establishing warm-season turfgrasses, with its biggest advantage being a reduction in weed population as compared to direct seeding into a prepared soil.

Purple Nutsedge Control in Turfgrasses by S-21634

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Stenotaphrum Secundatum ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted on S-21634 (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium chloride) for control of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.) and tolerance of several turfgrass varieties and species. Purple nutsedge was controlled during the initial year of treatment with single applications of 3.4 and 5.6 kg/ha rates. All turfgrasses were injured following treatments, however, all except centipedegrass[Eremochloa ophiuroides(Munro) Hack.] had recovered in 7 to 8 weeks. In general, the injury to centipedegrass was higher and the turf density was lower in the treated plots at the final ratings. None of the treatments applied as a single S-21634 application affected root growth of bermudagrass (Cynodonsp.), ‘Emerald zoysia’ (Zoysia japonicaxZ. teniuflolia), centipedegrass, St. Augustine grass [Stenotaphrum secundatum(Walt.) Kuntze], or tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb, ‘Ky 31′).

Sulfometuron for Eliminating Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) From Centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides) and Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne W. Hanna ◽  
Charles W. Swann ◽  
Jill Schroeder ◽  
Phil R. Utley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Coastal Bermudagrass ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides

This study was conducted to determine if ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass, a major weed in turf and pastures in the southeastern United States, could be eliminated selectively from centipedegrass and ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass turf and a ‘Coastal’ bermudagrass pasture by treating with sulfometuron. Established Pensacola bahiagrass usually was controlled satisfactorily in Tifway bermudagrass and centipedegrass turf and in a Coastal bermudagrass pasture with sulfometuron at 210, 160, 105 g ai/ha applied twice, respectively. Bahiagrass seedlings were eliminated from both newly planted centipedegrass and Tifway bermudagrass turf with 105 g/ha sulfometuron applied once.

Purple Nutsedge Control by Bentazon and Perfluidone in Turfgrasses

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Stenotaphrum Secundatum ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Common Bermudagrass

Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted on bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)one 2,2-dioxide] at 2.2 and 4.4 kg/ha and perfluidone {1,1,1-trifluoro-N-[2-methyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl) phenyl] methanesulfonamide} at 4.5 and 9.0 kg/ha for purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.) control and tolerance of five turfgrasses. A single application of each herbicide was applied to purple nutsedge, but single and repeated applications were applied to turfgrasses. Purple nutsedge control during the initial year of treatment was 98 to 100% when bentazon was applied in late spring, but the control was only 28 to 68% when applied in mid or late summer. Perfluidone controlled 76 to 87% of purple nutsedge when applied in late spring and 95 to 100% when applied in late summer. Bentazon treatments generally did not cause turf injury. In the field, perfluidone treatments injured St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum(Walt.) Kuntze], zoysia grass (Zoysia japonica×Z. teniuflolia‘Emerald’), centipedegrass [Erenoehloa ophiuroides(Munro) Hack.], and common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers.]. ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass was generally tolerant to perfluidone treatments. In the greenhouse, perfluidone reduced the root growth of all turfgrasses except centipedegrass when compared with untreated checks.

scholarly journals Seletividade de herbicidas a cinco tipos de gramas

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Christoffoleti ◽  
A.N. Aranda
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Stenotaphrum Secundatum ◽  
Zoysia Matrella

Dentre as opções de controle de plantas daninhas em gramados, destaca-se o uso de herbicidas, porém poucas informações existem na literatura sobre a sua seletividade a gramados. Assim, foi desenvolvida a presente pesquisa em casa de vegetação da ESALQ - Piracicaba, com o objetivo de testar a seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em pré-plantio (sulfentrazone a 1,4 kg i.a. ha-1 e oxadiazon a 1,0 kg i.a. ha-1) e em pós-emergência (halosulfuron a 112,5 g i.a. ha-1, 2,4-D a 2,010 kg i.a. ha-1 e MSMA a 2,4 kg i.a. ha-1), em cinco espécies de gramas (família Poaceae): são-carlos (Axonopus affinis), esmeralda (Zoysia japonica), bermuda (Cynodon dactylon), zoysia (Zoysia matrella) e santo-agostinho (Stenotaphrum secundatum). As conclusões gerais deste trabalho de pesquisa foram de que a seletividade de herbicidas aos diversos tipos de grama é função principalmente da espécie de grama e do tipo e da dose do herbicida aplicado. Dentre os herbicidas testados, destacam-se como mais seletivos o halosulfuron na dose de 112,5 g i.a. ha-1 e o 2,4-D na de 2,010 kg i.a. ha-1; as espécies de grama do gênero Zoysia (esmeralda [Z. japonica] e zoysia [Z. matrella]), de maneira geral, são mais tolerantes aos herbicidas testados nesta pesquisa.

scholarly journals Photosynthesis as an Index of Turfgrass Growth Following Application of Herbicides

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.R. Willard ◽  
C.M. Peacock ◽  
D.G. Shilling
Keyword(s):  
Butyl Ester ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Stenotaphrum Secundatum ◽  
Relative Susceptibility ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides

The effects of sethoxydim, cloproxydim, and fluazifop on photosynthesis and growth of St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze `Floralawn'], bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum var. saurae Parodi `Pensacola'), and centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.) Hack.] were evaluated to determine if photosynthesis could be used as a rapid, nondestructive measure of relative susceptibility. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted using infrared CO2 analysis to estimate photosynthesis. Under field conditions, St. Augustinegrass was susceptible to sethoxydim and fluazifop applications, as indicated by a 40% and 38% reduction in apparent photosynthesis, respectively. Bahiagrass incurred a respective 62% and 51% reduction in apparent photosynthesis from sethoxydim and fluazifop application. Growth of these species, as measured by foliage dry weight, was also inhibited by both herbicides. Centipedegrass growth was unaffected by sethoxydim, but was reduced 48% by fluazifop. Under greenhouse conditions, centipedegrass apparent photosynthesis was reduced by sethoxydim and cloproxydim (41% and 51%, respectively), while fluazifop caused a 71% reduction. Growth of centipedegrass was significantly reduced only by fluazifop (83%). These studies indicated that in vivo photosynthetic measurements may provide a sensitive, rapid, and nondestructive method for determining the susceptibility of turfgrasses to postemergence grass herbicides. chemical names used: 2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio) propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-l-one (sethoxydim); (E,E) -2-[1-[[(3-chloro-2-propenyl) oxy]imino]butyl] -5-[2-(ethylthio) propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-l-one (cloproxydim); and butyl ester of 2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]-propanoate(fluazifop).

scholarly journals Efeito do trinexapac-ethyl na anatomia foliar de quatro espécies de grama

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Costa ◽  
D. Martins ◽  
R.A. Rodella ◽  
A.C.P. Rodrigues ◽  
L.A. Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Stenotaphrum Secundatum ◽  
Anatomía Foliar

Os reguladores de crescimento podem retardar o desenvolvimento vegetativo das plantas de gramas e, assim, reduzir a frequência de cortes; contudo, existem poucas informações referentes aos efeitos desses produtos sobre as estruturas da anatomia foliar. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da aplicação sequencial de duas doses de trinexapac-ethyl sobre a anatomia foliar das espécies de gramas São Carlos (Axonopus compressus), Batatais (Paspalum notatum), Santo Agostinho (Stenotaphrum secundatum) e Esmeralda (Zoysia japonica). Os tratamentos utilizados foram constituídos de duas aplicações sequenciais de trinexapac-ethyl nas doses de 56,5+56,5 e 113,0+113,0 g ha-1; além de uma testemunha sem aplicação, para cada espécie avaliada. Os gramados foram cortados à altura de 3 cm, com auxílio de um aparador de grama motorizado, e, em seguida, foram realizadas as aplicações dos tratamentos. Após 20 dias da primeira aplicação de trinexapac-ethyl, as parcelas foram novamente aparadas à altura de 3 cm e foi realizada a segunda aplicação dos tratamentos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Aos 70 dias após a segunda aplicação dos tratamentos, foram realizadas as amostragens do material foliar, para as quatro espécies estudadas. Os dados das variáveis quantitativas foram submetidos ao teste estatístico multivariado de análise de componentes principais. Os resultados evidenciaram a formação de três e dois grupos principais, para os caracteres da região da quilha (nervura mediana) e da região da asa (situada entre a nervura mediana e a margem do limbo foliar), respectivamente. De modo geral, em cada formação dos agrupamentos, os tratamentos com trinexapac-ethyl apresentaram maior similaridade entre si, em relação às respectivas testemunhas. Conclui-se que a aplicação sequencial de trinexapac-ethyl alterou algumas estruturas anatômicas da região da quilha e da asa do limbo foliar das espécies de gramas estudadas.

Turfgrass Species Response to Herbicides Applied Postemergence

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Pentanoic Acid ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides ◽  
Cynodon Transvaalensis

Sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio) propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} at 0.34 kg ai/ha, fluazifop {(+)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid} at 0.13 kg ai/ha, and SC-1084 {3-hydroxy-4-[4-[[5-trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy] pentanoic acid} at 0.28 kg ai/ha controlled ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass [Cynodon transvaalensisBurtt-Davy #3CYNTR] x [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. # CYNDA] nearly 100% when applied for 2 consecutive years. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb. ‘Ky 31’ # FESAR) tolerated fluazifop at 0.13 kg/ha and SC-1084 at 0.07 to 0.28 kg/ha; however, centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides(Munro) Hack, ‘common’ #ERLOP] and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonicaSteud. # ZOYJA xZoysia tenuifoliaWilld. ex trin. ‘Emerald’ #ZOYTE did not tolerate these treatments. Centipedegrass tolerated sethoxydim, zoysiagrass tolerance was intermediate, and tall fescue was injured severely. Sethoxydim at 0.22 kg/ha discolored leaves of zoysiagrass, but the turf recovered fully. Thus, bermudagrass, when mixed with either tall fescue, centipedegrass, or zoysiagrass, can be controlled selectively with herbicides applied postemergence.

Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Control with Imazaquin in Warm-Season Turfgrasses

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Euel Coats ◽  
Roni F. Munoz ◽  
Doug H. Anderson ◽  
David C. Heering ◽  
Jim W. Scruggs
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Stenotaphrum Secundatum ◽  
Monosodium Salt ◽  
Methylarsonic Acid ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Quinolinecarboxylic Acid

Postemergence applications of imazaquin {2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid} controlled higher levels of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL. # CYPRO) in common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers.] and hybrid bermudagrass (′Tifgreen’ and ‘Tifdwarf′,C. dactylon×C. transvaalensisBurtt-Davy) than monosodium salt of methylarsonic acid (MSMA). Control was better at 560 or 840 g ai/ha of imazaquin than at lower rates. Postemergence applications of imazaquin plus 2240 g ai/ha of MSMA controlled more purple nutsedge than equivalent rates of imazaquin alone. Preemergence applications of imazaquin were not effective. Bermudagrass discoloration was observed in some experiments on turfs mowed at a height of 1.3 cm or less but usually disappeared within 2 to 3 weeks, especially when MSMA was used in combination with imazaquin. No injury was observed on bermudagrasses, zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonicaSteud. ‘Meyer′), St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum(Walt.) Ktze. ‘Raleigh′], and centipedegrass [Erernochloa ophiuroides(Munro) Hack.] maintained at mowing heights above 1.3 cm.

Renovation of Turfgrasses with Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Cacodylic Acid ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides ◽  
The Common ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Common Bermudagrass

Renovation of common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers.] turf to either ‘Tifway’ or ‘Tifdwarf’ bermudagrasses, zoysia (Zoysia japonica Steud.xZoysia tenuifoliaWilld. ex Trin. ‘Emerald’) or centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides(Munro) Hack.] was undertaken with the aid of herbicides. Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] applied to common bermudagrass turf followed by treatments of MSMA (Monosodium methanearsonate) + 2,4-D[2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] alone or in sequence with DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate) reduced the cover of common bermudagrass in renovated Tifway or Tifdwarf bermudagrass turf. Dalapon (2,2-dichloropropionic acid) applied alone or in sequence with DCPA, MSMA + 2,4-D, or DCPA + MSMA + 2,4-D also reduced coyer of common bermudagrass in some plantings. Paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) and cacodylic acid (hydroxydimethylarsine oxide) did not reduce the cover of common bermudagrass in turf renovations. Slower growing Emerald zoysia and centipedegrass could not compete with the common bermudagrass that escaped the herbicide applications and renovation was unsuccessful.

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