Enhancement of grape berry weight induced by an ethanol spray four weeks before harvest and effects of a night spray at an earlier date

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 731 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Chervin ◽  
S. Savocchia ◽  
M. Krstic ◽  
E. Serrano ◽  
R. van Heeswijck
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Berry Skin ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Made In

Spraying aqueous solutions of ethanol (between 2.5 and 10%, v/v) 1 month before harvest has been shown to increase berry weight of Cabernet Sauvignon by about 10% at harvest compared with controls sprayed with water. These observations were made in France and in Australia. The increase in berry weight was not associated with significant changes in total soluble solids. Additional measurements showed that spraying aqueous solutions of ethanol onto the berry surface 1 month before harvest had only small effects on the colour of berry skin extracts. In another trial, spraying ethanol at night 1 month earlier than other trials lead to a slight increase in the colour of the skin extracts. Optimisation of the spraying conditions is discussed.

scholarly journals The significance of scion × rootstock interactions

OENO One ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Clingeleffer ◽  
Norma Morales ◽  
Hilary Davis ◽  
Harley Smith
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Index Value

Aims: Rootstocks provide protection against soil-borne pests and are a powerful tool to manipulate growth, fruit composition and wine-quality attributes. The present study aimed to assess the consistency of rootstock effects on the growth and fruit composition of scion varieties and identify scion × rootstock interactions.Methods and results: Vine performance and fruit composition of hot-climate, drip-irrigated, spur-pruned Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz, grafted on seven rootstocks, was assessed over five seasons from 2013 to 2017. Rootstocks included Ramsey, 1103 Paulsen and 140 Ruggeri and four promising selections from the CSIRO rootstock development programme. Vines were trained as quadrilateral cordons on a two-wire vertical trellis of height 1.8 m and 3.0 m row × 1.8 m vine spacing, and irrigated with 5.5–6.0 ML/ha of water each season. The study was conducted with mature vines, established in 2006, as a randomised block design with five replicates. There were significant effects of both variety and rootstock on yield, number of bunches, bunch weight, berry weight (scion only), berries per bunch, pruning weight and the Ravaz Index (yield/pruning weight). Despite identical management practices, there were large differences between scion varieties in key growth characteristics across rootstocks. Chardonnay produced a high yield (mean 25.2 kg/vine) with low pruning weight (2.3 kg/vine) and a high mean Ravaz Index value of 12.1. Shiraz had the highest yield (27.4 kg/vine) with high pruning weight (5.1 kg/vine) and a Ravaz Index of 6.3. Cabernet Sauvignon had the lowest yield (15.9 kg/vine) and highest pruning weight (6.6 kg/vine) and a very low Ravaz Index value of 3.0. Effects of rootstock on growth characteristics were smaller than the effects of variety, with mean yields ranging from 19.5 to 25.9 kg/vine, pruning weights ranging from 3.24 to 6.13 kg/vine and mean Ravaz Index values ranging from 5.54 to 8.63. Each variety was harvested when the mean total soluble solids reached 25.0 °Brix. Significant effects of variety and rootstock on fruit composition, included pH, titratable acidity (scion only), malate, tartrate (scion only), yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN); and for the red varieties, total anthocyanins (scion only) and phenolic substances (scion only). Significant interactions between scion variety and rootstocks were found for yield, number of bunches, berry weight, pruning weight and Ravaz Index. The effect of rootstock on bunch weight and berries per bunch was consistent across scions. Significant scion × rootstock interactions were also found for pH and YAN. For each variety, significant effects of rootstock on fruit composition were linked to growth characteristics. However, these relationships, based on correlation analyses, varied for each scion.Conclusions: The study has shown that growth characteristics and fruit composition of the major varieties was not consistent across seven rootstock genotypes, as significant scion × rootstock interactions were determined. Hence, different rootstocks may be required for each variety to optimise scion performance and fruit composition. The study has also shown that the new CSIRO rootstock selections, covering a range of vigour classifications, may be useful alternatives to those currently in use by industry.Significance and impact of the study: The study has shown that the performance of scion varieties, and to a lesser degree the fruit composition, is dependent on rootstock choice. The inherent vigour of the scion variety must be considered in rootstock selection. Furthermore, individual scion/rootstock combinations may require specific irrigation, pruning or canopy management to achieve vine balance and optimise fruit and wine composition.

scholarly journals Rootstock-scion interaction:5. Effect on the evolution of Cabernet Sauvignon grape ripening

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Miele ◽  
Luiz Antenor Rizzon
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Wine Composition

Abstract The rootstock effect on grapevine yield components, grape must and wine composition and wine sensory characteristics were evaluated in previous studies. This experiment carried out over five years had the objective to determine the effect of the rootstock on the evolution of variables related to sugar and acidity contents of the juice during grape ripening. The treatments consisted of Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine grafted on rootstocks such as Rupestris du Lot, 101- 14 Mgt, 3309 C, 420A Mgt, 5BB K, 161-49 C, SO4, Solferino, 1103 P, 99 R, 110 R, Gravesac, Fercal, Dogridge and Isabel. The berries were sampled during the grape ripening period, on nine dates during the summer of each year. Taken to the laboratory, they were hand crushed and the juice was centrifuged to separate the solid and liquid phase, where the supernatant was then used for physicochemical analyses. The data were submitted to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and polynomial regression analysis. The main results show that, at grape maturity, the PCA discriminated mainly the juices of CS/101-14 Mgt, CS/SO4 and CS/Gravesac, which had high density, total soluble solids, total soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio and pH, and CS/Dogridge and CS/Fercal, which had high titratable acidity. The density, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio increased as grape ripened, but the titratable acidity decreased. However, the increase or decrease rates were lower at the end of the grape ripening cycle according to the variable, and the total soluble solids having the highest increase (116.3%) and the titratable acidity the highest decrease (68.3%).

scholarly journals Rootstock-scion interaction:6. Phenology, chilling and heat requirements of Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Miele
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Heat Requirements ◽  
Chilling Hours ◽  
Heat Requirement

Abstract The grapevine phenology is dependent on several factors, such as genetics, soil characteristics, climate conditions, pests and diseases and vineyard cultural practices. Among these, grafting may have an effect on the scion behavior due to the influence of the rootstock. Therefore, an experiment was carried out for two years to determine the effect of rootstocks on Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) grapevine phenology, chilling and heat requirements. Treatments consisted of vines grafted on the rootstocks Rupestris du Lot, 101-14 Mgt, 3309 C, 420A Mgt, 5BB K, 161-49 C, SO4, Solferino, 1103 P, 99 R, 110 R, Gravesac, Fercal, Dogridge and Isabel. Budbreak and flowering of the vines, veraison and maturity of the grapes were the phenological stages evaluated, determining the dates of each stage and the number of days between them. The chilling hours (Tbase= 10 °C) for budbreak and the heat summation required to ripen the grapes were also determined. The results showed that the dates of each phenological stage varied according to the year and the rootstock. The average of two years showed that CS/3309 C, CS/161-49 C and CS/101-14 Mgt sprouted earlier and CS/Dogridge later. Grape maturity was earlier on seven CS/rootstocks, where CS/101-14 Mgt and CS/Rupestris du Lot ripened first and CS/Isabel, CS/5BB K and CS/SO4 later. The average intervals between the stages of CS/rootstocks were (in days), 46.8±3.0 (budbreak-flowering), 64.3±2.1 (flowering-veraison), 54.6±6.1 (veraison-maturity) and 165.7±7.4 (budbreak-maturity). In 1998, 615.9±8.0 chill hours were needed to achieve 50% budbreak and in 1999, 870.6±6.5 chill hours, where CS/Dogridge required the highest chilling to break dormancy. In order to ripen the grapes, the heat requirement from budbreak to maturity was 1573.4±43.0 °C in 1998/1999 and 1599.4±25.5 °C in 1999/2000, and the juice total soluble solids values were 19.1 and 18.1 °Brix, respectively. Although the heat summation of the second cycle was 1.65% higher, the total soluble solids were lower due to the rainfall that was much higher during its grape ripening period.

Changes in the composition of ripening grapes in a warm climate

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (62) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
RM Cirami
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Warm Climate ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Ripening Period

Grapes from 15 wine varieties of Vitis vinifera selected for suitability in warm areas were sampled over their ripening period in 1971 and 1972. Samples were analysed for total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, tartrate and malate. At maturity, titratable acidities ranged from 7.3 to 14.0 g l-1and pH from 2.8 to 3.6. In every instance pH was lower in 1971 than in 1972, but there was no pattern evident for titratable acidities. At the commencement of ripening the concentration of malate was always higher than of tartrate, and the rate of decrease of malate was faster than of tartrate. In the final stages of maturity acid losses of up to 1 g l-1 every ten days were common. Based on tartrate : malate ratios, the following varieties warrant further investigation: Barbera, Cabernet Sauvignon, Emerald Riesling, Gewurztraminer, Merlot, Petite Sirah, Pinot Noir, Semillon and White Riesling.

scholarly journals Impact of Rootstock and Season on Red Blotch Disease Expression in Cabernet Sauvignon (V. vinifera)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1583
Author(s):  
Arran C. Rumbaugh ◽  
Raul C. Girardello ◽  
Monica L. Cooper ◽  
Cassandra Plank ◽  
S. Kaan Kurtural ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Disease Expression ◽  
Diseased Fruit ◽  
Berry Composition

Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV), the causative agent of grapevine red blotch disease, is widespread across the United States and causes a delay in ripening events in grapes. This study evaluates the effects of GRBV on Cabernet Sauvignon grape berry composition, grafted on two different rootstocks (110R and 420A) in two seasons (2016 and 2017). Total soluble solids, acidity, and anthocyanin concentrations were monitored through ripening and at harvest. Phenolic and volatile compounds were also analyzed at harvest to determine genotypic and environmental influences on disease outcome. Sugar accumulation through ripening was lower in diseased fruit (RB (+)) than healthy fruit across rootstock and season. GRBV impact was larger in 2016 than 2017, indicating a seasonal effect on disease expression. In general, anthocyanin levels and volatile compound accumulation was lower in RB (+) fruit than healthy fruit. Total phenolic composition and tannin content was higher in RB (+) fruit than healthy fruit in only 110R rootstock. Overall, GRBV impacted Cabernet Sauvignon grape composition crafted on rootstock 110R more than those crafted on rootstock 420A.

scholarly journals Regulated Deficit Irrigation Effect on Yield and Wine Color of Cabernet Sauvignon in Central California

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1520-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Costello ◽  
W. Keith Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Central California ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Wine Color

Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) is a management strategy that on grape can improve shoot/fruit ratio, water efficiency, and wine quality but has the potential to reduce yield. As part of a study on the influence of RDI on leafhopper density, we evaluated the effects on grape yield, berry size, berry soluble solids, and wine color. The studies were conducted at commercial vineyards in the San Joaquin Valley and in the Paso Robles region, CA, with Cabernet Sauvignon as the cultivar. Water deficits were imposed at either 50% (moderate deficit) or 25% (severe deficit) of standard irrigation (the control) for a period of 3 or 6 weeks and initiated at berry set, leafhopper egg hatch, or veraison. Deficit irrigation decreased berry weight by 16.1% at the San Joaquin Valley site (Aliso) and 11.7% at one of the Paso Robles sites (Frankel) but did not differ at the other site (Steinbeck). Yield was decreased by the deficits by 18.1% at Aliso, 26.7% at Frankel 2001 (but not 2002), and 24% at Steinbeck. Wine color density was increased by 21.8% at Aliso, 34.4% at Frankel 2001 (but not 2002), and did not differ at Steinbeck. Soluble solids did not differ among treatments at any site. There was no difference in berry weight, yield, or color between the moderate and severe deficits. It appears that in central California, RDI such as these are likely to reduce yield but are only one factor among many variables affecting quality such as wine color.

scholarly journals Secondary Bud Gas Exchange, Growth, and Fruitfulness of Vitis vinifera L. cultivars, ‘Grenache’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ Grown on the Texas High Plains

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thayne Montague ◽  
Emily Graff ◽  
Suraj Kar
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Bud Growth

In 2017, the grape and wine industry had an overall economic impact of $13.1 billion within the state of Texas. The majority of grapes grown in Texas are produced within the Texas High Plains American Viticultural Area (AVA). However, vineyards within the Texas High Plains AVA are subject to late spring frosts which can potentially diminish fruit quality, and reduce crop production. To assist in planning and production efforts, Texas High Plains AVA grape growers require information regarding vine secondary bud growth and fruitfulness. Therefore, the objectives of this experiment were to compare the growth and fruitfulness of shoots grown from primary and secondary buds of Vitis vinifera L. ‘Grenache’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ vines grafted to 110R rootstocks. Vines were planted in an experimental vineyard in 2008. Each year over two consecutive growing seasons (2016 – 2017) vines were exposed to the following treatments: primary bud growth intact, and following bud break allowing primary bud shoot growth to reach 15.0 cm in length then removing primary bud shoots (forcing growth from secondary buds). Gas exchange, growth, fruitfulness, and fruit total soluble solid data were collected each year. Collected data followed similar trends each growing season. Hence, data from each growing season were pooled. Gas exchange data indicate leaves from primary shoots had lower photosynthetic rates, and stomatal conductance when compared to leaves grown on secondary shoots. In addition, ‘Grenache’ leaves had greater gas exchange when compared to ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ leaves. Pruning weights, vine yield, cluster mass, and total soluble solids were greater for shoots grown from primary buds. ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ vines had greater pruning weights, but ‘Grenache’ vines had greater crop load (Ravaz Index) and cluster mass. Yield and total soluble solids did not differ between grape cultivars, but the number of clusters from each vine, and berry mass varied with cultivar and bud treatment. In the late spring frost-prone Texas High Plains AVA, cultivar selection continues to be a critical factor for vineyard success. Results indicate decreased yields from all vines with shoot growth only from secondary buds. However, even though ‘Grenache’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ vines responded differently to bud treatments (‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ vines generally produced a greater number of smaller clusters when compared to ‘Grenache’ vines), for each cultivar overall yield was similar across all bud treatments. Therefore, Texas High Plains AVA and other grape producers now have additional information that may assist them when making critical vineyard management choices.

scholarly journals 095 `Jupiter' Seedless Table Grape

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 457F-457
Author(s):  
John R. Clark ◽  
James N. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Table Grape ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Grape Cultivar ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Table Grape Cultivar ◽  
Grape Cultivars ◽  
Grape Breeding ◽  
Made In

`Jupiter' is the fifth table grape cultivar released from the Univ. of Arkansas grape breeding program. `Jupiter' originated from a cross of Ark. 1258 × Ark. 1672 made in 1981. The original seedling vine was selected in 1984, and `Jupiter' was tested as Ark. 1985. `Jupiter' was tested at two locations in Arkansas (Fayetteville and Clarksville) and at West Lafayette, Ind. Fruit of `Jupiter' are reddish-blue, and berry weight averaged 5.5 g over 12 years of evaluation at Clarksville. Fruit are seedless, have a non-slipskin texture, ripen early mid-season, and averaged 19.8% soluble solids. Flavor is a mild muscat, a noteworthy character of this new cultivar. Clusters averaged 257 g over 12 years and are well-filled. Yields of `Jupiter' have been very good, exceeding 29 t/ha at Clarksville. Hardiness of `Jupiter' was greater than `Einset Seedless', `Himrod', or `Vanessa Seedless', but less than `Mars' or `Reliance' at West Lafayette. `Jupiter' is recommended for trial where other other eastern U.S. table grape cultivars are adapted.

scholarly journals ROOTSTOCK-SCION INTERACTION: 2. EFFECT ON THE COMPOSITION OF CABERNET SAUVIGNON GRAPE MUST

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MIELE ◽  
LUIZ ANTENOR RIZZON
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Grape Must ◽  
Grape Musts

ABSTRACT The interaction between rootstock, scion and the environment may induce different responses to the grapevine physiology and, consequently, to the grape composition. The vineyards of Serra Gaúcha, Brazil, are established in different soil types, each with different morphological and physicochemical attributes. Moreover, the grapevines are grafted onto a diversity of rootstocks. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of 15 rootstocks in the composition of the Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) grape must. The following rootstocks were used: Rupestris du Lot, 101-14 Mgt., 3309 C, 420A Mgt., 5BB K, 161-49 C, SO4, Solferino, 1103 P, 99 R, 110 R, Gravesac, Fercal, Dogridge and Isabel, featuring some genetic diversity altogether. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 15 treatments, three replicates, 10 vines per plot. The grapes were harvested at maturity for four years, and then crushed for winemaking. Next, the grape musts were centrifuged to separate the solid phase from the liquid phase, which was used for analyses related to sugar, acidity and minerals. The data were submitted to correlation analysis and Principal Component Analysis. The main results from the average of four years show that, in general, the grape musts of the CS/101-14 Mgt., CS/161-49 C, CS/3309 C, CS/Rupestris du Lot and CS/Gravesac combinations had high values of density, total soluble solids, pH and °Brix/titratable acidity ratio, and low titratable acidity, which was high with CS/99 R, CS/110 R, CS/Dogridge and CS/1103 P. Potassium had higher concentrations in the grape musts of CS/SO4 and CS/5BB K. Titratable acidity did not correlate with density and total soluble solids, but positively correlated with yield. Density, total soluble solids, and the concentration of potassium were positively correlated with pH.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document