Band incorporation of fluazinam (Shirlan) into soil to control clubroot of vegetable brassica crops

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Donald ◽  
I. J. Porter ◽  
R. A. Lancaster
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Vegetable Brassica ◽  
Methods Of Application

Commercially suitable methods for application of fluazinam were evaluated in field trials conducted in Victoria and Western Australia. Incorporation of fluazinam into the soil in bands 23 cm wide along the transplant row (to a depth of about 15–20 cm) immediately before transplanting was the most effective method of application. Plants grown in soil treated in this way developed significantly less clubroot than when fluazinam was applied using either a spot drench (100 mL/plant) or a continuous spray over the plants immediately after transplanting. The banded soil incorporation treatment consistently increased the marketable yield of broccoli and cauliflower. In one trial, banded soil incorporation increased the marketable yield of both crops by at least 80% compared with the other commercial methods of application currently in use. The banded soil incorporation treatment was more reliable and effective in a range of soil types than the high volume drenches currently used. This method of application remained effective, significantly reducing clubroot severity, when the volume of water used to apply fluazinam was reduced by 80% from 2500 to 500 L/ha.

Yield, plant characteristics, and relative tolerance to bunch loss of four banana varieties (Musa AAA Group, Cavendish subgroup) in the semi-arid subtropics of Western Australia

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
TR Hill ◽  
ARJ Bissell ◽  
JR Burt
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Relative Tolerance ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Semi Arid

The yield, plant characteristics (pseudostem height and girth), and relative tolerance to bunch loss of 4 banana varieties (Musa AAA Group, Cavendish subgroup) were studied over 2 crops in the semi-arid subtropics at Carnarvon, Western Australia. The varieties were New Guinea Cavendish, Chinese Cavendish, Hsien.Jen Chiao, and the most widely grown Australian variety, Williams. The marketable yield of Williams was higher (P<0.05) than the mean of the other varieties in the parent crop (70.2 v. 50.7 t/ha) and ratoon 1 crop (65.8 v. 34.4 t/ha). This was the result of lower (P<0.05) bunch loss, about 41% less over the 2 crops, than for the other varieties. Resistance to bunch loss-pseudostem breakage and bunch peduncle snap was not associated with the shorter varieties (New Guinea Cavendish and Chinese Cavendish), but resistance to choke throat was associated with the taller varieties (Williams and Hsien Jen Chiao).

The cage method of sampling to assess herbage mass and herbage consumed on annual rangeland vegetation

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
BB Zahran ◽  
AM Holm ◽  
WR Stern ◽  
WA Loneragan
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Stocking Rates

The cage method of sampling vegetation was used to estimate herbage mass and herbage consumed by sheep, grazing a pasture dominated by annual species, near Camawon, Western Australia. Using paired quadrats (2m x lm), one caged and the other open, herbage mass and herbage consumed were measured at five stocking rates on two soil types, on eight occasions between December 1983 and January 1985. The data were highly variable; nevertheless, some effects of season, soil type and stocking rate could be observed. The results showed clear seasonal trends. Some soil type x stocking rate interactions were detected during the dry periods of the year when herbage mass was low. Generally, the cage method tended to over-estimate herbage consuped. Sheep consumed approximately 119 to 116 of the available herbage at low and high stocking rates respectively when feed was plentiful; when feed was in short supply the corresponding figures were approximately 113 and 1/2. The limitations of the method are discussed and some suggestions made concerning its applicability in rangeland studies.

Rapid Failure Analysis of Low-Yielding Electrical Test Structures Using E-beam Physical and Voltage Contrast Inspection

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver D. Patterson ◽  
Deborah A. Ryan ◽  
Xiaohu Tang ◽  
Shuen Cheng Lei
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Defect Detection ◽  
High Volume ◽  
The Other ◽  
Defect Inspection ◽  
Electrical Test ◽  
Detection Mode ◽  
Rapid Generation ◽  
Voltage Contrast ◽  
Additional Support

Abstract In-line E-beam inspection may be used for rapid generation of failure analysis (FA) results for low yielding test structures. This approach provides a number of advantages: 1) It is much earlier than traditional FA, 2) de-processing isn’t required, and 3) a high volume of sites can be processed with the additional support of an in-line FIB. Both physical defect detection and voltage contrast inspection modes are useful for this application. Voltage contrast mode is necessary for isolation of buried defects and is the preferred approach for opens, because it is faster. Physical defect detection mode is generally necessary to locate shorts. The considerations in applying these inspection modes for rapid failure analysis are discussed in the context of two examples: one that lends itself to physical defect inspection and the other, more appropriately addressed with voltage contrast inspection.

scholarly journals Selection of cotton lines for high oil content

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 530-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Paulo de Carvalho ◽  
Josiane Isabela da Silva Rodrigues ◽  
Francisco José Correia Farias
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Expected Gain ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the oil content and characters related to fiber quality and yield in cotton lines (Gossypium hirsutum), in order to select genotypes with high oil content and acceptable levels of the other characters. Twenty-two F6 lines and three checks were cultivated in three field trials - two in the municipality of Apodi, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, and one in the municipality of Barbalha, in the state of Ceará, both in Brazil. The genetic parameters and the genetic gain from selecting 20% of the lines were estimated according to their means in each environment and in the group of environments. Regarding oil content, there is genetic variability, and the selection based on the overall mean is indicated, since this character showed high heritability, with 4.58% expected gain. The lines selected with this criterion have oil contents between 23.52 and 24.51%, which are higher than those of the Brazilian cultivar BRS Aroeira with the highest grain oil content (22.04%).

scholarly journals Managing Bees for Delivering Biological Control Agents and Improved Pollination in Berry and Fruit Cultivation

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki M. T. Hokkanen ◽  
Ingeborg Menzler-Hokkanen ◽  
Marja-Leena Lahdenpera
Keyword(s):  
Crop Protection ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Dissemination Activity ◽  
Grey Mold ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Disease Pressure

<p>Targeted precision biocontrol and improved pollination were studied Europe-wide in the EU ERA-NET CORE ORGANIC 2 project BICOPOLL (Biocontrol and Pollination). A case study was conducted on the management of strawberry grey mold <em>Botrytis cinerea</em>, with the biocontrol fungus, <em>Gliocladium catenulatum</em>, vectored by honey bees or bumble bees. A joint field trial carried out in five countries targeted strawberry cultivations in open field, and included four treatments: untreated control, chemical fungicide, entomovectored biocontrol, and chemical and biocontrol combined. In organic fields, no pesticide treatments were included. The proportion of moldy berries, and/or the marketable yield of healthy berries were recorded from each treatment, along with other parameters of local interest. A pilot study was started in Finland in 2006, and, by 2012, large commercial farms were using entomovectoring. In 2012, field trials were started in Estonia and in Italy, and in 2013-14, these experiments were expanded to Slovenia and Turkey. In total, 26 field tests were conducted using entomovectoring and <em>Gliocladium catenulatum</em> (Prestop<sup>®</sup> Mix) on strawberry, with five additional trials on raspberry. Efficacy results have been excellent throughout the field studies. The results show crop protection equalling or exceeding that provided by a full chemical fungicide program, under all weather conditions, and over a wide geographical range (from Finland to Turkey). Under heavy disease pressure, entomovectoring provided on average a 47% disease reduction, which was the same as multiple fungicide sprays. Under light disease pressure, biocontrol decreased grey mold by an average of 66%, which was greater than fungicide sprays. The concept has proven to be effective on strawberries, raspberries, pears, apples, blueberries, cherries, and grapes. A conservative estimate for Finland is that over 500 ha of strawberry cultivation currently use the technique (≈15% of the strawberry growing area). To make full use of the entomovectoring technique, organic berry and fruit growers are encouraged to (i) keep bees, or to hire the service from local beekeepers for entomovectoring; and (ii) manage vegetation within and around the target crop to support the activity of bees and other pollinators, which can help to disseminate the beneficial microbial populations within the crop. Beekeepers are encouraged to (i) market pollination and biocontrol services to fruit and berry growers, and (ii) ensure that all operations are effective in mananging bees and their microbe dissemination activity. Biocontrol product manufacturers are encouraged to further develop products and their formulations specifically for entomovectoring, because current formulations are suboptimal as they are initially optimized for other uses (e.g., mixing into the soil).</p>

scholarly journals A Review of Industrial Crop Yield Performances on Unfavorable Soil Types

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2382
Author(s):  
Jana Reinhardt ◽  
Pia Hilgert ◽  
Moritz Von Cossel
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Indirect Land Use Change ◽  
Industrial Crop ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
Marginal Agricultural Land ◽  
The Impact

Industrial crop cultivation on marginal agricultural land limits indirect land-use change effects that pose a threat to food security. This review compiles results from 91 published crop-specific field trial datasets spanning 12 relevant industrial crops and discusses their suitability for cultivation on unfavorable soil types (USTs). It was shown that the perennial species Miscanthus (Miscanthus Andersson) and reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) performed well on USTs with both high clay and/or high sand contents. Information on stoniness (particles sizes > 2 mm), where mentioned, was limited. It was found to have only a small impact on biological yield potential, though it was not possible to assess the impact on mechanization as would be used at a commercial scale. For soils with extreme clay or sand contents, half of the crops showed moderate suitability. The large yield variations within and between crops revealed large knowledge gaps in the combined effects of crop type and agronomy on USTs. Therefore, more field trials are needed on diverse USTs in different climates with better equipment and more consistent measurements to improve the accuracy of potential yield predictions spatially and temporally. Additionally, larger trials are needed to optimize cultivation and harvesting.

scholarly journals Screening and potent applicability analysis of commonly used pesticides against desert locust: an integrative entomo-informatics approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anik Banik ◽  
Md. Fuad Mondal ◽  
Md. Mostafigur Rahman Khan ◽  
Sheikh Rashel Ahmed ◽  
Md. Mehedi Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
List Type ◽  
Agricultural Pesticides ◽  
Global Threat

AbstractThe locust problem is a global threat for food security. Locusts can fly and migrate overseas within a zip and creating a large-scale devastation to the diversified agro-ecosystem. GIS based analysis showed the recent movement of locusts, among them Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta migratoria are predominant in Indian subcontinent and are found more notorious and devastating one. This devastation needs to be stopped to save human race from food deprivation. In our study, we screened some commonly used agricultural pesticides and strongly recommended three of them viz. biphenthrin, diafenthiuron and silafluofen which might be potential to control the desert locusts based on their binding affinity towards the locust’s survival proteins. Our phylogenetic analysis reveals that these three recommended pesticides might also show potency to the other locust species as well as they are also way safer than the other commercially available pesticides. These proposed pesticide’s bioactive analogs from fungus and bacteria may also show efficacy as next generation controlling measures of locust as well as different kind of pests. These recommended pesticides are expected to be highly effective against locusts and needs to bring forward by the entomologists’ by performing experimental field trials.HighlightsGIS map unmasked the 2020 migratory pattern of locusts which now predominant towards Indian subcontinent.Biphenthrin, diafenthiuron and silafluofen showed maximum binding affinity.Biphenthrin and diafenthiuron were relatively safer than silafluofen.Bioactive analogs from fungus and bacteria could be an alternative to control locusts.Pesticides inhibition hotspots for desert locusts were unrevealed.

scholarly journals Calcium nitrate and ammonium nitrate limestone as sources of nitrogen for oats and barley

1961 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Pentti Hänninen ◽  
Armi Kaila
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cent Level

Calcium nitrate and ammonium nitrate limestone (»Oulunsalpietari») were compared as the nitrogen fertilizer for oats in 15 field trials and for barley in one trial. The trials were carried out in summers 1959 and 1960 in various places in Finland. The split plot technique was employed in order to reduce the variation as much as possible. In 1959 the amounts of nitrogen applied as these two fertilizers to the corresponding halves of the plots were 25 and 50 kg/ha. In 1960 also higher applications were used: 75 and 100 kg/ha of N. In three trials these fertilizers were compared both as a surface dressing and worked in. Visual observations suggested about 5—6 weeks after sowing a darker green colour in the stands treated with calcium nitrate as compared with the other half treated with ammonium nitrate limestone. These differences later disappeared. In some trials a higher nitrogen content of the plants from the calcium nitrate stands could be demonstrated during this period. The uptake of nitrogen by plants was regularly followed throughout the growing period. Owing to the large variation, usually, no statistically significant difference between the effect of the fertilizers could be detected. In a few cases the superiority of calcium nitrate could be demonstrated. No differences in the ripening could be found. In most trials there was a fairly regular tendency to higher yields and higher nitrogen content in the grain and straw produced by calcium nitrate. Yet, only in a few cases were the differences statistically significant at the five per cent level. Thus, it was concluded that on the basis of the results of these trials ammonium nitrate limestone and calcium nitrate may be considered practically equal as nitrogen fertilizers for oats. There was no difference in the yields of barley produced by these two fertilizers, but the nitrogen content of grains was significantly lower with ammonium nitrate limestone than with calcium nitrate. This may be worth further study in connection with the production of malting barley.

Effect of Imazapic and 2,4-DB on Peanut Yield, Grade, and Seed Germination

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Faircloth ◽  
E. P. Prostko
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract Recurrent problems with peanut seed germination and stand establishment have raised concerns about the potential effects of herbicides on peanut seed quality. Field trials were conducted in south Georgia in 2005 and 2006 to evaluate the effects of imazapic and 2,4-DB on peanut yield, grade, incidence of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and seed germination. Imazapic at 71 g ai ha−1, applied at 30 and 40 days after planting (DAP), and 2,4-DB at 270 g ai ha−1, applied at 75 or 90 DAP, had no effect on peanut yield, grade, incidence of TSWV, and seed germination when averaged over two locations (Dawson and Tifton) and three cultivars (Georgia Green, Georgia-01R, and C-99R). Normal cultivar yield variations were observed; however, Georgia-01R had reduced standard (25 C) and cold (15 C) germination when compared to the other cultivars.

Vision-based assessment of viability of acorns using sections of their cotyledons during automated scarification procedure

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław Jabłoński ◽  
Ryszard Tadeusiewicz ◽  
Adam Piłat ◽  
Józef Walczyk ◽  
Paweł Tylek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Color Image ◽  
High Volume ◽  
The Other ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Overall Design

Abstract The goal of the research described in the article was to develop the device for the automatic scarification of acorns and computer vision-based assessment of their viability. The color image of the intersection of the tissue of cotyledons was selected as a key feature for separating healthy seeds from the spoiled ones. Because the device is being designed for the diagnosis of high volume of seeds aiming at producing high-quality seedlings, several assessment criteria of the overall design of the automaton are being assessed. The basic one is the overall accuracy of viability recognition. The other refers to particular functions implemented in the model of the device being described.

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