Sultana fruitfulness and yield: responses to rootstock and nitrogen supply

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Treeby
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
North Western

Nitrogen supply to irrigated Sultana grapevines on own roots or on Ramsey rootstock was varied in a field trial conducted at Irymple, north-western Victoria, over 3 seasons. The nitrogen treatments imposed were 0, 40 and 80 kg N/ha.year supplied in 4 equal applications (2 pre-flowering — late September and mid-October; 1 post-flowering — mid-November; 1 post-harvest — late February) Yields of dried vine fruit were responsive to both nitrogen supply and rootstock. Despite lower bud fertility, Sultana on Ramsey rootstock out-yielded Sultana on own roots due to greater numbers of 1-year-old canes suitable as bearers, more berries per bunch and larger berries. Yield of Sultana on own roots responded in a similar manner to increasing nitrogen supply as yield of Sultana on Ramsey rootstock. Yield increases were due to improved bearing potential (more suitable bearers) and more berries per bunch when nitrogen supply increased from 0 to 40 kg N/ha.year. When nitrogen supply was raised from 40 to 80 kg N/ha.year, a further yield increase was due to enhanced bud fertility and larger berries. These yield components behaved differently for Sultana on own roots compared with Sultana on Ramsey rootstock, but, overall, balanced out such that final yield was not affected by rootstock. Consequently, rootstock was not a significant factor in the dried vine fruit yield response of Sultana to nitrogen supply.

Effects of preflood nitrogen rate and midseason nitrogen timing on flooded rice

2000 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. CARRERES ◽  
J. SENDRA ◽  
R. BALLESTEROS ◽  
J. GARCÍA DE LA CUADRA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Total N ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Index Value

A field study was conducted to investigate the agronomic performance, nitrogen (N) efficiencies, yield components and yield of rice in Spain for different nitrogen treatments. The experimental variants were six preflood N rates (0, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 kg/ha) and three topdressing patterns: (i) non- topdressed, (ii) topdressed with 50 kg N/ha at mid-tillering stage (MT) and (iii) topdressed at panicle initiation stage (PI). The N status of the plant was measured at different growing stages to determine whether a chlorophyll meter would be useful in making N sidedress recommendations. The results showed that grain yield increased with increasing amounts of preflooding N fertilizers up to 100 kg N/ha. The main effect was on panicle number per unit ground area. The effect of additional N supply on yield components and grain yield depended on application timing. Split applications of N did not improve the agronomic efficiency but reduced days to maturity and lodging and increased the harvest index value. Split applications increased grain yield when the total N rate was 150 kg/ha with the second supply at PI. There was a significant but not very good relationship between N content and chlorophyll content (SPAD) values. The regression equation differed significantly depending on growth stage. The SPAD value may determine the need for N topdressing at MT stage, but not at PI. However, the relationship between SPAD value and the rice yield increase from N topdressing application was not very good.

DEEP PLOWED SOLONETZIC AND CHERNOZEMIC SOILS: II. CROP RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-649
Author(s):  
G. D. BUCKLAND ◽  
S. PAWLUK
Keyword(s):  
Relative Yield ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Solonetzic Soil ◽  
Deep Plowing ◽  
Yield Responses

Crop response to deep plowing was determined at five locations in east-central Alberta. Yield and growth characteristics of barley, wheat and oats were evaluated as they relate to units of soil classification. Crops grown on Solonetzic landscapes responded more favorably to deep plowing than crops grown on landscapes with significant amounts [Formula: see text] of Chernozemic soils. Where Solonetzic and Chernozemic soils were present in the same landscape, the relative yield increase of wheat and barley resulting from deep plowing followed the sequence BL.SS and BL.SO > SZ.BL > O.BL. Deep plowing of landscapes containing [Formula: see text] Chernozemic soils does not appear beneficial because of limited crop response. Yield response of wheat was greater during the drier year. Yield responses on deep plowed soils resulted from increased tillering and increased grain yield per single stem, both of which were associated with reduced moisture stress. Crop emergence was generally unrelated to soil physical conditions. Key words: Deep plowing, crop response, Solonetzic soil

Sulfur and nitrogen fertilizer effects on wheat. I. Concentrations of sulfur and nitrogen and the nitrogen to sulfur ratio in grain, in relation to the yield response

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Randall ◽  
K Spencer ◽  
JR Freney
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Sulfur Concentration ◽  
Seed Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Treatment ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Grain samples from a factorial (5 sulfur x 3 nitrogen treatments) field experiment with Olympic wheat, which showed yield responses to both factors, were analysed for total sulfur and nitrogen. Sulfur application increased the grain sulfur concentration more with high than with low nitrogen treatment, but had only small effects on the nitrogen concentration in grain. Nitrogen application increased the grain sulfur concentration at high but not low sulfur and increased grain nitrogen concentration at all sulfur treatment levels. The critical grain sulfur value for yield was 0.12% in treatments adequately supplied with nitrogen, but plots with low nitrogen (sulfur-unresponsive) also had grain sulfur values below 0.12 %. Grain from sulfur-responsive plants could be distinguished from grain from unresponsive plants because the former had less than 0.12% sulfur and nitrogen/sulfur ratios wider than 17/1. Results from a glasshouse experiment with three cultivars were consistent with this. The findings suggest that seed analysis may be a useful method for diagnosis of the sulfur status of cereal crops.

Response of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum cv. Russet Burbank) to band-placed and broadcast high cadmium phosphorus fertiliser on heavily cropped krasnozems in north-western Tasmania

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Sparrow ◽  
KSR Chapman ◽  
D Parsley ◽  
PR Hardman ◽  
B Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Tuber Size Distribution ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Phosphorus Fertiliser ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
North Western

Four field experiments were conducted to examine the yield response and cadmium (Cd) concentration of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Russet Burbank) grown with banded or broadcast phosphorus (P) fertiliser at rates up to 240 kg P/ha. The Cd content of the triple superphosphate (TSP) was 151 mg/kg. All 4 sites were on intensively cropped, high P-fixing krasnozem soils in north-western Tasmania, with concentrations of Colwell-extractable P ranging from 112 to 210 mg/kg. All sites showed economic yield responses to banded P, but broadcast P was much less effective except at the site where the response to banded P was least. Yield responses came mostly through increased tuber number, but at 1 site the tubers were also bigger. There was no effect of P on tuber size distribution or specific gravity. Increasing rates of banded TSP increased tuber Cd concentrations by 50-300% at the 3 sites where they were measured; broadcast TSP had little effect. Tubers from the site with pH 6.0 had much higher Cd concentrations than those from the sites with pH 6.5 and 6.6. Petiole Cd concentrations were about 5 times greater than tuber concentrations.

scholarly journals Response of wheat, pea, and canola to micronutrient fertilization on five contrasting prairie soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noabur Rahman ◽  
Jeff Schoenau
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Extraction ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Prairie Soils ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Cu And Zn

Abstract A polyhouse study was conducted to evaluate the relative effectiveness of different micronutrient fertilizer formulation and application methods on wheat, pea and canola, as indicated by yield response and fate of micronutrients in contrasting mineral soils. The underlying factors controlling micronutrient bioavailability in a soil–plant system were examined using chemical and spectroscopic speciation techniques. Application of Cu significantly improved grain and straw biomass yields of wheat on two of the five soils (Ukalta and Sceptre), of which the Ukalta soil was critically Cu deficient according to soil extraction with DTPA. The deficiency problem was corrected by either soil or foliar application of Cu fertilizers. There were no significant yield responses of pea to Zn fertilization on any of the five soils. For canola, soil placement of boric acid was effective in correcting the deficiency problem in Whitefox soil, while foliar application was not. Soil extractable Cu, Zn, and B concentration in post-harvest soils were increased with soil placement of fertilizers, indicating that following crops in rotation could benefit from this application method. The chemical and XANES spectroscopic speciation indicates that carbonate associated is the dominant form of Cu and Zn in prairie soils, where chemisorption to carbonates is likely the major process that determines the fate of added Cu and Zn fertilizer.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Triazole-Based Fungicides on Wheat Yield and Test Weight as Influenced by Fusarium Head Blight Intensity

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Paul ◽  
M. P. McMullen ◽  
D. E. Hershman ◽  
L. V. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Multivariate random-effects meta-analyses were conducted on 12 years of data from 14 U.S. states to determine the mean yield and test-weight responses of wheat to treatment with propiconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, metconazole, and prothioconazole+tebuconazole. All fungicides led to a significant increase in mean yield and test weight relative to the check (D; P < 0.001). Metconazole resulted in the highest overall yield increase, with a D of 450 kg/ha, followed by prothioconazole+tebuconazole (444.5 kg/ha), prothioconazole (419.1 kg/ha), tebuconazole (272.6 kg/ha), and propiconazole (199.6 kg/ha). Metconazole, prothioconazole+tebuconazole, and prothioconazole also resulted in the highest increases in test weight, with D values of 17.4 to 19.4 kg/m3, respectively. On a relative scale, the best three fungicides resulted in an overall 13.8 to 15.0% increase in yield but only a 2.5 to 2.8% increase in test weight. Except for prothioconazole+tebuconazole, wheat type significantly affected the yield response to treatment; depending on the fungicide, D was 110.0 to 163.7 kg/ha higher in spring than in soft-red winter wheat. Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease index (field or plot-level severity) in the untreated check plots, a measure of the risk of disease development in a study, had a significant effect on the yield response to treatment, in that D increased with increasing FHB index. The probability was estimated that fungicide treatment in a randomly selected study will result in a positive yield increase (p+) and increases of at least 250 and 500 kg/ha (p250 and p500, respectively). For the three most effective fungicide treatments (metconazole, prothioconazole+tebuconazole, and prothioconazole) at the higher selected FHB index, p+ was very large (e.g., ≥0.99 for both wheat types) but p500 was considerably lower (e.g., 0.78 to 0.92 for spring and 0.54 to 0.68 for soft-red winter wheat); at the lower FHB index, p500 for the same three fungicides was 0.34 to 0.36 for spring and only 0.09 to 0.23 for soft-red winter wheat.

Effect of the number of parents and their combining ability on the performance of synthetic varieties in tall fescue

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Piano ◽  
P. Annicchiarico ◽  
M. Romani ◽  
L. Pecetti
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Temperature Pattern ◽  
Synthetic Varieties ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Yield Responses

Finding the optimal parent number for synthetic varieties has a crucial importance in forage breeding. The objective of this work was exploring this number for Mediterranean tall fescue selected for forage yield. The general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability of parents, and their effects on the performance and the inbreeding depression of synthetics, were also assessed. The full-sib families from the diallel cross of 20 genotypes chosen from well performing populations were evaluated for fresh biomass over 13 harvests in Sanluri (Sardinia, Italy). The Syn 1 and Syn 2 of 15 synthetics varying in parent number (4, 8, 12, 16 or 20) and, within same number, in mean GCA of parents were evaluated for dry matter yield over 11 harvests in Lodi (northern Italy) in a greenhouse simulating the temperature pattern of a Mediterranean environment. The yield responses of Syn 2 synthetics with 2 to 20 parents with highest mean GCA were predicted from yield values of S1 and F1 progenies, also evaluated in Lodi. The variance of GCA effects was almost 2-fold larger than that of SCA effects. The observed vigour loss from Syn 1 to Syn 2 of the 4-parent synthetics (−6%) tended to be greater than those of higher parent number groups. The 4-parent synthetics with larger SCA effects tended to greater inbreeding depression. The comparison among synthetics with different parent number and highest GCA of their parents indicated the superiority of the 4-parent synthetic over any other in both generations (P < 0.05). The predicted yield response was maximised by the 3-parent synthetic. The results and other considerations suggest adoption of 4- to 6-parent synthetics.

Leaf spot and dry rot of lettuce caused by Xanthomonas vitians (Brown) Dowson

1963 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 778 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Complete Destruction ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
Valley Area ◽  
North Western

During the late winter and early spring of 1960, and again to a lesser extent in 1961 and 1962, many lettuce crops in the Murray Valley area of north-western Victoria were seriously affected by a disease characterized by blackening, dry rotting, and collapse of the affected leaves. The incidence of disease varied from about 10% up to practically complete destruction of some plantings. A yellow bacterium was consistently isolated from affected plants and proved to be pathogenic to lettuce. Laboratory studies have shown that the organism agrees closely with the recorded description of Xanthomonas vitians (Brown) Dowson, which has not, apparently, been previously studied in Australia.

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